江苏省南通市中考英语一模专题整理 时态.doc

时态知识点梳理：初中阶段要求掌握的时态有八种。时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1. i like sports.2. he likes sports. 3. she is a good teacher. 一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式we had a great time yesterday.一般将来时will/be going to +动词原形1. they will go to the cinema next week.2. he is going to have a picnic with his family tomorrow. 现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式1.my parents are watching tv now. 2.i am looking for my purse. 现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词 lily has learned english for three years.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式we were talking loudly when the teacher came in. 过去完成时had+动词的过去分词we had already learned nearly 1000 words by the end of last term. 过去将来时would或was/were going to+动词原形he told us he would have a party in his house this weekend. 一、一般现在时1. 含义：用于表示现阶段习惯性、周期性、反复或经常发生的动作，或者用于描述客观真理。2. 谓语部分结构：一般现在时中，谓语动词用be动词或是行为动词。谓语部分结构如下：（1）be: am, is, are当主语为非第三人称单数时，谓语动词采用原形 （2）行为动词：当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词采用三单变化批注：关于谓语动词的第三人称单数形式如何变化在小学阶段或是初一阶段就应该基本掌握，这里不再在知识点中做出阐述。教师可以根据学生的基础进行补充讲解。3. 用法：（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频率的副词和时间状语连用。如：i get up at six every day.he usually takes a bus to school.（2） 表示事物或人物的特征、状态、情感和性格。如：marys father is an english teacher. he lives in nanjing now.his hair is brown. 批注：这一概念往往容易被学生忽略。（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。如：the sun rises in the east every day.the earth is round.the physics teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 批注: 最后一个例句说明在宾语从句中如果要表达客观真理，时态不需要根据主句的时态而改变，仍然使用一般现在时。（4） 在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如：here comes the bus. there goes the bell. （5） 一般现在时表将来。下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情, 经常用在时刻表中。如：the train leaves at six tomorrow morning.when does the bus start? it starts in ten minutes. 4. 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：（1）表示频度的副词： always, usually, often, sometimes,seldom never等。（2）on sundays, on monday afternoons, every day, every morning, every year等时间状语。（3）once a year, twice a month, three times a week等时间状语。 二、一般过去时1. 含义：用于表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 谓语部分结构：动词的过去式（1）be：was; were（2）行为动词：动词的过去式 批注：关于动词过去式的构成方法这里不再具体列举。教师可以根据学生的基础进行补充讲解。3. 用法：（1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如： we visited a farm last sunday. （2） 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 when i was in the countryside, i often went swimming in the river. = when i was in the countryside, i used to go swimming in the river. （used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事）批注：一般过去时的这种用法是学生往往容易忽略的，看到often有的学生就会选用一般现在时。但是这里指的是过去的习惯，属于过去的范畴，还是选用一般过去时。教师这里需要提醒学生。4. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语：（1） yesterday, the day before yesterday（2） last.: last night, last week, last year, last month等（3） .ago: three years ago, two days ago等（4） 其他：in 1990, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now, this morning等三、现在进行时1. 含义：用于表示现在正在进行的动作或在现阶段持续发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 谓语部分结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式批注：关于现在分词的构成方法在小学阶段强调的比较多，这里不再在知识点中做出阐述。教师可以根据学生的基础进行补充讲解。3. 用法：（1） 表示正在进行的动作。如： my father is cooking the dinner at the moment. （2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。如： the students are working on the farm these days. 批注：关于现在进行时要注意其概念中的两点“此时此刻（now）”与“现阶段（these days）”。同学基本都知道“此时此刻”，但容易忽视“现阶段”正在发生的动作。例句中的“these days”是要求学生绝对理解和记住的。（3）用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有：go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：we are leaving for shanghai.the bus is coming soon.批注：现在进行时表将来在中考中考查的不是很多，但学生要知道现在进行时表将来的用法，在写作或翻译句子中可以运用到。4. 标志语：当时间状语为now, at the moment, these days 等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,cant you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。如：listen! lily is singing in the classroom. cant you see they are doing their homework?批注：不是看到look就一定用现在进行时。如: look! our teacher looks beautiful. 5. 一般不能用于现在进行时的动词表示感觉的动词，如see,hear等表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like,love,hate等；表示希望的动词，如want,would like等表示状态的动词，如be, live, keep等表示归属的动词，如have(拥有), belong to等表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如know,think（认为）,forget等批注：前两点比较常见，后三点不是很常见，仅作了解。四、过去进行时1. 含义：用于表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作或在过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作。2. 谓语部分结构：was / were + 动词ing形式（现在分词）4. 用法：（1） 表示过去的某一时刻正在发生的动作。如： i was reading in the library at this time yesterday.（2） 表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。如: they were having a meeting from 2:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon. （3）过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如： jack was always changing his mind.（4） go, come, leave, arrive, start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。如： i was leaving when he came in. she told me she was coming to see me.4.与过去进行时连用的时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time, then, at ten last night, from. to. the day before yesterday, those days等。5. 含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用：批注：该知识点是常考点也是比较难理解的一个点，教师需要进行细致教授。（1）when在过去进行时中的用法: when 所引导的时间状语从句中，动作既可以是长动作，也可以是短动作，即动词既可以使用延续性动词也可以使用非延续性动词。关键看动作是否能延续，可延续性动词用过去进行时，不可延续性动词用一般过去时。主句的动词根据动作可不可以延续决定，可以延续使用过去进行时，不可延续使用一般过去时。如： jim was listening to the cd when his brother came back. when i was having breakfast, the telephone rang.（2）while在过去进行时中的用法: while 所引导的时间状语从句中，动作只能是长动作，即动词只能使用延续性动词。该延续性动词使用过去进行时。主句的动词根据动作可不可以延续决定，可以延续使用过去进行时，不可延续使用一般过去时。如： while he was riding his bike, he fell off.while i was doing my homework, my mother was watching tv. 批注：在上述情况中，若动词为表示动作的瞬间动词时，一般用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。如，luckily, when l went to see him, he was at home.幸运的是，我去看他时，他在家。五、一般将来时1. 含义：用来表示在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 谓语部分结构：（1）am/is/are going to + 动词原形（2）will+ 动词原形（主语部分可以是各种人称）（3）shall+ 动词原形（主语部分为第一人称）3. 用法：（1）be going to +动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的并很可能发生的事。如： what are you going to do next sunday? look at the clouds. there is going to be a storm. （2） will + 动词原形，表示将来要发生的动作或是存在的状态。如： will you be back in two days? 当句中主语是i或者we时，一般使用shall, 表示征求对方的意见。如： when shall we meet tomorrow?（3） be going to+动词原形和will+动词原形的比较批注：一般情况下两个结构可以互换。下面知识点为拓展内容，对于基础扎实的学生可全部讲解。基础一般的学生部分讲解。 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to；若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。比较。如： ann is in hospital. oh, really? i didnt know. ill go and visit her. “安住院了。”“啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法，不能用be going to) ann is in hospital. yes, i know. im going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图，不能用will) 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will。如： look at those black clouds. its going to rain. 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will： when he comes back, i will tell him the news. if he comes back, i will tell him the news.4. 与一般将来时连用的时间状语：（1） tomorrow, the day after tomorrow（2） next.: next week, next year等（3） in.: in three years, in a week等（4） soon, before long(不久之后)等批注：看到tomorrow等不一定使用一般将来时，如tomorrow is sunday./ it is sunday tomorrow. “主将从现”原则1. 主将从现是指在以if(如果), as soon as, until, when等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。常见的有以下四种情况： （1） 条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。如： when i grow up, ill be a nurse and look after patients. （2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如： dont laugh at me when i make a mistake. （3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。如：you should be quiet when you are in the reading room 2. 当if 表示“是否”时，不遵循主将从现的原则。如：i dont know if he will come to my home tomorrow. 批注：该考点是时态中的常考点，需要引起足够重视。六、过去将来时1. 含义：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或状况。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。批注：该时态在中考中不是考查的重点，只做了解。老师可以根据学生成绩和接受情况进行选讲。2. 谓语部分结构：（1）would / should + 动词原形（2）was/ were going to + 动词原形批注：过去将来时的考查很少用到 was/ were going to +动词原形的结构。3. 用法：（1）表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中，由“would+动词原形”构成。如： he asked when the meeting would start.（2） 用“was/were going to+动词原形”所表示的过去将来时表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作。如： he was going to start a new job when i saw him then.（3） 过去将来时运用在宾语从句中。当主句是一般过去时，而从句要用将来时的时候，该从句改用过去将来时。在宾语从句中常出现的有later, soon, the next day, the following week等。如： the man told me that he was going to try it again the following day. 七、现在完成时1. 谓语部分结构：have / has + 动词的过去分词批注：过去分词的构成在这里就不进行具体论述了，教师可以引导学生去回忆并记忆背诵，尤其是一些常考的。2. 用法：（1）用于描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作。常和for和since连用。如： they have worked in the factory for ten months . we have learned english since nearly three years ago. it has been nine years since i began to learn english. we have been friends since 2008. 总结：since和 for 的用法区别和联系(1)since的用法a. since后可加时间点，如例句中的 nearly three years ago或2008.b. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时，如例句。(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。如例句(3)since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago批注1：这里教师可以让学生自己写出上面前两个例句的同义句：分别是they have worked in the factory since ten months ago. / we have learned english for nearly three years.批注2：此外还有“it is + 段时间+since”的句型。例如我们可以将上面的例句换成“it is nine years since i began to learn english.”(4)对since和for的提问用how long。如：-how long have you been in nanjing?-for three years./ since three years ago. （2） 用于强调一个发生在过去的动作对现在所产生的影响，此时这个动作一般不会延续到现在。如： i have already seen the film. i have lost my key. -have you found your lost key yet? - no, i havent found it yet. 4. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：ever、never、yet、already 、recently 、lately 、over these years 、up to now 、just、since 、for、so far、during / in the past / last few days / weeks / months / years等。 ever意为“曾经” 可用于疑问句或否定句中。如：have you ever been to london?也用于肯定句中通常放在主句后面和最高级连用。如： this is the best model ship that i have ever seen. never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用。he has never finished a task by himself before.注意just 和 just now的区别。just和 recently都表示“最近，刚刚”，用于现在完成时；just now 表示“刚才”，用于一般过去时。如：he has just come back from america./ he was here just now. already, yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。5. have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别批注: 该知识点是常考的，也是重点需要掌握的。（1） have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如： the old man has been to egypt when he was young.（2） have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如： -where is your uncle? - he has gone to the supermarket.（3） have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。如： mr. smith has been in the lab for over ten hours. 6. 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法批注：该知识点是常考点，重点需要掌握非延续性性动词向延续性动词的转换。（1）现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。误：i have already borrowed the book for over two weeks. 正：i have already kept the book for over two weeks. 批注：此处可以让学生先翻译，看学生对该知识点的掌握程度。（2） 非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：comebe here；gobe there; die-be dead; borrow-keep;buy-have;join-be in(be a member);leave-be away等。批注：补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinish/endbe overdiebe deadjoinbe in/ be a member of leavebe away fromarrive/reachbe hereget marriedbe married八、过去完成时1. 含义：表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作或状态。概括的说是表示“过去的过去”。2. 谓语部分结构：had + 动词的过去分词3. 用法：（1）过去完成时在句中使用时必须有一个或暗含有一个发生在过去的动作作为参考，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去动作之前。如： we had already learned nearly 1000 words by the end of last term. the concert had been on for half an hour when the accident happened yesterday.（2） 过去完成时也常见于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如： he said he had borrowed a book from mary. 批注：同过去将来时一样，中考对过去完成时的考查也是了解层面的。所以此处可根据学生情况进行适量讲解。3. 与过去完成时连用的时间状语：by last week, by the end of last year, when/before的从句等。批注：一般过去时与过去完成时的区分：一般过去时的时间状语是相对于现在的过去时间；过去完成时的时间状语是相对于过去某一个时刻的过去，就是前面所讲的“过去的过去”。 一模考试习题：2015年江苏省南通市崇川区中考英语模拟试题c. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。like sweep carry leave stop 56. my teacher p over ten books out of the classroom when i came in just now.57. the rain p . lets go out to take a walk.58. sam, come downstairs, please. i need your help. just a minute, mum. i p the floor.59.why didnt you hand in your homework yesterday? sorry, i p it at home. i have brought it here today.60. his grandma p singing beijing opera in her free time. c: 56. was carrying 57. has stopped 58. am sweeping 59. left 60. likes 启东4. where is tom? i havent seen him for several months.he _ america. he _ there for half a year. a. has gone to; has been b. has gone to; has gone c. has been to; has been d. has been to; has gonea11. the life we were used to _ greatly in the recent ten years.a. has changedb. changing c. change d. changedac. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。hurry email spend make dance56. why didnt you wave good-bye to kitty just now?because she _to music when i passed by her.57. i _ much money on fashionable clothes since 2 years ago. i cant buy any more now.58. he got up without saying any word and _ away.59. just wait. they _ you in one or two days.60. wheres tom? hes wanted on the phone. he, with his sisters, _ a plan in the next room.56. was dancing 57. have spent 58. hurried 59. will email 60. is making海安11. i hear sam has gone to qingdao for his holiday. oh, how nice! do you know when he ? a. left b. was leaving c. has left d. had leftac. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。enjoy, leave, design, worry, repeat56. do you know whether helen will drive to beijing this sunday? helen? completely possible! she driving so much.57. jack cant enter the office because he his key at home.58. the teacher the question？ yes, she is. so we should listen carefully this time. 59. have the designers finished the work? no, not yet. they the whole morning.60. my grandpa is in hospital. i about him these days.56. enjoys 57. has left 58. is going to repeat 59. were designing 60. am worrying如皋5. i think the man over there must be douglas. it _ be him. he has _ to australia.a. cant, gone b. cant, been c. may not, been d. mustnt, goneac. 根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。 not be hate wait see reply 56. do you know whether david will go cycling or not tomorrow? david? never! he outdoor activities.57. is your father at home, may? no, he isnt. and he back until next friday.58. mr. wu heard from his mother yesterday and he to her at once.59. you the film furious 7? yes, twice. i love it very much. its really exciting.60. sandy for the bus when she saw mr. wu. then they went to school together.56. hates 57. wont be58. replied 59. have; seen60. was waiting通州4. when will peter telephone us? as soon as he _ home this afternoon.a. gets b. got c. will get