【志鸿优化设计】高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 形容词和副词 外研版.doc

语法专题十二形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词，常放在名词前作定语，或者放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者整个句子，其位置比较灵活。高考经常考查形容词和副词的辨析，以及副词短语的辨析。考点一形容词作定语的排列顺序几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（a，the，these）数量形容词（two，three）描绘性形容词（beautiful）大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）新旧或年龄（old）颜色（red）国籍（chinese）材料（wool，steel）目的或用途名词。an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯考点二倍数表达法1a is倍数比较级thanb2a is倍数as原级asb3a is倍数the名词（size，length，height 等）ofb4a is倍数thatofb5a is倍数what 引导的名词性从句this building is three times higher than that one.this building is three times as high as that one.this building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。the output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.the output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。考点三形容词、副词的比较级1“as形容词（a/an）名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。it is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。2“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同（不同）。the work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这工作没有你想象的那么难。3“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。the taller of the two boys is my cousin.两个男孩中个子高的那个是我表哥。4a形容词比较级名词表示“一个更的”。if you study hard，you are sure to have a better future.如果你努力学习，你一定会有个更好的未来。5比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。by far用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。he is by far the taller of the two brothers.他目前是两兄弟中较高的。6表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the比较级（主语谓语），the比较级（主语谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。the more we do for the people，the happier well be.我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。7不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”的结构，表示“越来越”。the girl becomes more and more beautiful.那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。8no比较级than表示“和一样不”。he is no taller than his brother.他和他哥哥一样矮。9more.than.表示一个人两种品质的比较，意为“与其倒不如”。he is more shy than unfriendly.与其说他不友善，还不如说他腼腆。考点四形容词与副词的最高级1最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite等。the bridge being built now is by far the longest across the yellow river.正在修建的那座桥是目前横跨黄河的最长的桥。2否定词比较级最高级。i have never seen a better film.我从未看过更精彩的电影。（这是我看过的最精彩的）3“比较级than any other单数名词”表示最高级意义，意思为“比其他任何都”。he is taller than any other boy in his class.他比他班里其他男孩都高。考点五常用as.as.结构的词组1as long as 只要；有之久 i will work as long as i live.只要活着，我就要工作。2as far as 到地点；就而言as far as i know，he is reliable.就我所知，他是一个可靠的人。3as high as 高达the average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400.在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。4as soon as 一就i will call you up as soon as i get there.我一到那里就给你打电话。5as well as 既又；和一样好he who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge.他弹钢琴与他父亲一样好，既有知识又有经验。6as good as 与一样；几乎；简直；和一样好he is as good as dead.他如同死了一般。考点六兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。常见的有：close接近（指距离）closely仔细地，密切地free免费freely自由地，自如地deep深deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽阔widely广泛地high高highly高度地late晚、迟lately近来near邻近nearly几乎most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地pretty 相当地prettily 优美地just 正好justly 公正地i can hardly believe that he doesnt work hard.我几乎不能相信他工作不努力。考点七无比较意义的比较级句型归纳1no more than only 只有，仅仅，只不过there are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里只有100人。2not more thanat the most 不超过，至多there are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里至多100人。3no less than 多达，不少于he walks no less than five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。4less than 不到，不太，极不doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。5more than 多于，超过（over，后接数词）；不只是（not only，后接名词、动词或副词）；非常，十分（very，后接形容词、副词、动词或分词）；难以，完全不能（用于more than.can.）i am more than happy to meet you here.在这遇见你我非常高兴。6more or less（almost，nearly，about）基本上，差不多，大约the work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。7sooner or later 迟早，早晚，总有一天you will succeed sooner or later.你总有一天会成功的。8whats more 而且，此外i missed the bus and had to walk home.whats more，it was raining.我错过了公交车不得不走回家，而且天又下着雨。9no sooner.than.一就no sooner had he got home than it began to rain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。1（2012课标全国高考）the result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much _.athe best bbest cbetter dthe better2（2012课标全国高考）this restaurant wasnt_that other restaurant we went to.ahalf as good as bas half good ascas good as half dgood as half as3（2012全国高考）next to biology，i like physics _.abetter bbestcthe better dvery well4（2012北京高考）many people have donated that type of blood; however，the blood bank needs _.asome blesscmuch dmore5（2012天津高考）the dog may be a good companion for the old._，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.abesides bhoweverctherefore dinstead6（2012天津高考）the secretary arranged a（n）_ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.aimportant bsparecpublic dconvenient7（2012安徽高考）interest is as _ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.avital bavailablecspecific dsimilar8（2012安徽高考）queen elizabeth is often thought to be the richest woman in the world._，her personal wealth seems rather small.abesides botherwisechowever daltogether9（2012福建高考）anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be _ respected.aespecially bequallycnaturally dnormally10（2012福建高考）can you lend me the book gone with the wind?sorry.i returned it to the library just now.maybe it is still _.aavailable baffordablecacceptable dvaluable11（2012浙江高考）brown said he was by no means annoyed; _，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.aall in all bfor one thingcon the contrary dby the way12（2012湖北高考）“perhaps we need to send for dr.smith to see what we can do about it，” father suggested_ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.atentatively bthoughtlesslycdefinitely drudely13（2012湖北高考）can you tell the_difference between the words “require” and “request”？i sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.adramatic bregionalcapparent dsubtle14（2012湖北高考）whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained_；people are still looking for other possible solutions.aunchallenged brelevantccontroversial dcontradictory15（2012湖南高考）bicycling is good exercise; _，it does not pollute the air.anevertheless bbesidescotherwise dtherefore16（2012辽宁高考）we used to see each other _，but i havent heard from him since last year.aespecially bregularlycparticularly dapproximately17（2012山东高考）be _you cant expect me to finish all his work in so little time.areasonable bconfidentccreative dgrateful18（2012四川高考）the hotel is almost finished，but it_needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.aonly balsoceven dstill19（2012四川高考）this training program can give you a lift at work，_increase your income by 40%.aas well as bso long ascso much as das soon as20（2012四川高考）i make $2,000 a week.60 surely wont make_difference to me.athat a big ba that bigcbig a that dthat big a21（2012浙江高考）the research lacks _ evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.asolid bfiercecsevere dpotential22（2012浙江高考）mike was usually so careful，_this time he made a small mistake.ayet bstillceven dthus23（2011课标全国高考）the form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.arather than bother thancmore than dbetter than24（2011全国高考）it is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.aquite bvery crather dmuch25（2011全国高考）mr.stevenson is great to work fori really couldnt ask for a _ boss.abetter bgoodcbest dstill better26（2010上海高考）when mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with _ money.aso few bsuch fewcso little dsuch little27（2011湖北高考）the old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _，though slow.ashaky bheavyccasual dsteady28（2011湖北高考）an unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always _.apractical bavoidablecpermanent dbeneficial29（2011湖北高考）the staterun company is required to make its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.atransparent breasonablecsecure dformal30（2011江西高考）the film is，i have to say，not a bit interesting.why？its _ than the films i have ever seen.afar more interestingbmuch less interestingcno more interestingdany less interesting31（2011江西高考）the house was too expensive and too big._，id grown fond of our little rented house.abesides bthereforecsomehow dotherwise32（2011辽宁高考）no matter how _，it is not necessarily lifeless.aa desert may be drybdry a desert may becmay a desert be dryddry may a desert be33（2011江西高考）she has already tried her best.please dont be too _ about her job.aspecial bresponsiblecunusual dparticular34（2011江苏高考）in that school，english is compulsory for all students，but french and russian are _.aspecial bregionalcoptional doriginal35（2011安徽高考）to be great，you must be smart，confident，and，_，honest.atherefore babove allchowever dafter all36（2011安徽高考）_，i managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.ahopefully bnormallycthankfully dconveniently37（2011浙江高考）since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as _ else.aanything bsomethingcanywhere dsomewhere38（2011浙江高考）the professor could tell by the _ look in marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture.acold bblankcinnocent dfresh39（2011浙江高考）ive been writing this report _ for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.afinally bimmediatelycoccasionally dcertainly40（2013浙江杭州七校联考）some people are very _ and enjoy making their own home repairs.but for others，a broken chair means one thing：its time to call a repairman.alazy bhandycpatient ddiligent41（2013浙江名校联盟第一次联考）the clock is tickingwe dont have much time.we must take action _.afrequently banxiouslyccasually dimmediately42（2013河南中原名校联考）you shouldnt have said that.look! she is getting _.but i meant no harm.aunfair bunconcernedcunmoved duneasy43（2013云南昆明摸底调研）john intended to be a famous singer；_，he has a long way to go now.atherefore bmeanwhilechowever dotherwise44（2013河北普通高中教学质监）hainan is a very large island and its the second _ island in china.alarge blargerclargest dmost large45（2013福建三明期中）we used to see each other_，but i havent heard from him since last year.aespecially bregularlycparticularly dapproximately46（2013河南洛阳一练）have your living conditions improved?no，_than before，im afraid.ano better bnot bettercnot worse dno worse参考答案 1d句意：结果不是非常重要，不过如果我们赢了，那就再好不过了。so much the better “再好不过”。2a如果表示两个饭店一样好，应用as good as，在比较句型中，程度状语应放在第一个as或比较级之前，所以答案为a项。3b句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选a项，其实此处并没有把生物和物理作比较。4d句意：很多人捐献了那种血型，但是血库需要更多。根据句意可知选d项。5b句意：狗可能是老年人的一个好伴侣，然而，需要带它散步可能就是一个不利因素。besides此外，而且；however然而；therefore因此；instead相反，代替。6d句意：秘书安排了一个合适的时间和地点让求职者们参加面试。important重要的；spare多余的，备用的；public公众的，公共的；convenient方便的，合适的。7avital“极其重要的，必不可少的”；available “可用的，在手边的，可利用的”；specific “明确的，具体的”；similar“相似的”。句意：兴趣对于学习就像理解能力一样重要，甚至还要重要。由句意可知，a项符合题意。8c句意：伊丽莎白二世女王通常被认为是世界上最富有的女人。然而，她的个人财富却好像很少。besides“此外，而且，加之”；otherwise“否则，要不然”；however“然而”；altogether“总而言之，完全地，总共”。由句意可知，c项符合题意。9bespecially意为“尤其”；equally意为“平等地”；naturally意为“自然地”；normally意为“正常地，常态地”。此处用equally “平等地”来表示an official与a bus driver应该受到同等地尊敬。故选b项。10aavailable意为“可用的，可得到的，可找到的”；affordable意为“负担得起，支付得起”；acceptable意为“可以接受的”；valuable意为“有价值的”。句意：你能借给我那本飘吗？对不起。我刚才把它还给图书馆了。也许它还能借到。故选a项。11c句意：布朗说他一点儿也不恼火，相反，他很高兴能够让别人清楚地理解他的想法。all in all“总而言之，总的说来”；for one thing“首先，一则”；on the contrary “（与此）相反，正相反”；by the way“顺便说说，顺便提起”。12a句意：父亲向前来讨论这个问题的邻居试探性地建议：“或许，我们需要请史密斯博士来看看我们能为此做些什么。”tentatively“试探性地，犹豫地”；thoughtlessly“轻率地，欠考虑地”；definitely“明确地，确切地”；rudely“粗鲁地，不礼貌地”。13d句意：你能告诉我“require”和“request”这两个词之间的细微区别吗？我有时会被它们的意思弄糊涂了。dramatic“戏剧性的，显著的”；regional“地区的，区域的”；apparent“显而易见的，明白易懂的”；subtle“微妙的，细微的”。14c考查形容词辨析。句意：这个地区的这些建筑是否应该被拆除仍然存在争议，人们还在寻找其他可行的解决方案。unchallenged“未受质疑的，无异议的”；relevant“紧密相关的，切题的”；controversial“有争议的，引起争议的”；contradictory“矛盾的，抵触的”。15b句意：骑自行车是一种良好的锻炼，此外，它也不会污染空气。nevertheless“然而，不过”；besides“此外，而且”；otherwise“否则，不然”；therefore“因此”。根据句意，b项正确。16b句意：我们以前经常见面，但自从去年就没有收到他的来信了。especially “尤其，特别”； regularly“有规律地，定期地”；particularly“特别，尤其”； approximately “大约”。根据句意，b项正确。17a句意：讲点儿道理好不好，你不能指望我在这么短的时间里完成所有的工作啊。reasonable“合理的，公道的，通情达理的”；confident “自信的，确信的”；creative“创造性的”；grateful“感激的，感谢的”。故选a项。18d句意：这家旅馆就要竣工了，但仍然需要一两周才能向客人开放。still“仍然”符合句意。19aas well as“也，和，除了”；so long as“只要”；so much as“甚至于”；as soon as“一就”。句意：这次培训项目除了提高你工资的40%外，还可以使你在工作上得以晋升。故选a项。20dthat在此句中是副词，相当于so的用法，修饰形容词big。故选d项。句意：我每周赚2000美元，60美元对我而言根本没什么影响。21a句意：这项研究缺乏可靠的证据，因此，其结论是令人怀疑的。solid“可靠的，可信赖的”；fierce“强烈的，极度的”；severe“非常的，严重的”；potential“潜在的，可能的”。22a句意：迈克通常特别细心，然而这次他犯了一个小错误。前后两句显然是转折关系，故用yet表示“然而”。23brather than意为“而不是”；other than意为“除了”；more than意为“超过，不仅仅”；better than意为“好于，优于”。句意：这张表格除了你本人外，不能由任何人代签。24aquite another表示“完全不同”。句意：喜欢听好音乐是一回事，但你自己演奏得好完全是另一回事。25a“cant/couldnt.比较级”表达最高级含义。注意“”表示解释说明，根据前一句“mr.stevenson is great to work for”可知，史蒂文森是一个不错的老板，因此说“我真的不能找到一个比他还好的老板了”，表示在我看来他是最好的。26cfew只修饰可数名词，排除掉选项a和b，因为money是不可数名词；当little，much，few，many等表示数量多少的词修饰名词时，通常与so连用。27dshaky “摇晃的”；heavy“沉重的”； casual“随便的，漫不经心的”； steady“稳定的”。句意：这位年迈的工程师穿过房间，脚步很慢却步伐稳健，布满皱纹的古铜色的脸上目光炯炯。28cpractical “实际的；实用的”； avoidable“可以避免的” ; permanent“永久的；持久的”；beneficial “有益的”。句意：一个不幸的童年或许会对一个人的性格产生消极影响，然而这些影响也不会一直持久存在下去。故c项正确。29atransparent “透明的”； reasonable“合理的”；secure“安全的”；formal“正式的”。句意：国有企业要求账务做得尽可能的公开透明，让全体员工都能监督资金的使用。故a项正确。30a根据题中“not a bit interesting”可知，说话人认为这部电影实在是没意思。再根据答语中“why？”可知，第二个人并不同意第一个人的看法，所以答案为a项。far more“多得多，更加”。31a根据题中“the house was too expensive and too big.”可知，这座房子太大又太昂贵，而且说话人越来越喜欢自己租的小房子，由此推断说话人不倾向于买房子。前后两句为递进关系，答案为a项，besides，意思是“此外，而且”。b项“因此，所以”；c项“以某种方式，不知怎的”；d项“否则，要不然”。32b句意：无论沙漠多么干燥，它