【步步高】（四川专用）高考英语二轮复习 专题知识与增分策略 第二部分 阅读理解 考点13 词义猜测之猜测词义题(1).DOC

考点13词义猜测之猜测词义题真题解密fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.sarah garfinkel at the brighton and sussex medical school said：“our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”the study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.dr garfinkel said，“the study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”to further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“we have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” dr garfinkel said.“we hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”(2013四川，e)47what is the finding of the study?aones heart affects how he feels fear.bfear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.cfear has something to do with ones health.dones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.答案a解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.”可知选项a为正确答案。48the study was carried out by analyzing_.avolunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesbthe time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions cvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansddifferent pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案c解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段及第五段可知这项研究是通过分析志愿者对恐怖图画的反应，统计志愿者的大脑扫描数据而展开的。故选c项。49which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in paragraph 6?aorder. bsystem.cmachine. dtreatment.答案b解析词义猜测题。由后文中的“.by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear.”可知mechanism与system为近义项，故选b项。50this study may contribute to_.atreating anxiety and stress betterbexplaining the cycle of fear and anxietycfinding the key to the heartbrain communicationdunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案a解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“.we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推断出这项研究可能有助于更好地治疗焦虑及更严重的压力紊乱。故选a项。技巧归纳此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转化法和合成法，高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题主要集中表现为派生和合成两种形式。有的题需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。趁热打铁the light from the campfire brightened the darkness，but it could not prevent the damp cold of denniss swamp(沼泽地) creeping into their bones.it was a strange place.martin and tom wished that they had not accepted jacks dare.they liked camping，but not near this swamp.“so，” martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals.“how did this place get its name？”“are you sure you want to hear it? its a scary story，” warned jack.“of course！” cried out tom.“if there were anything to be scared of，you wouldnt have chosen this place！”“ok，but dont say i didnt warn you，” said jack，and he began his tale.“way back in time，a man called dennis tried to start a farm here.he built that cottage over there to live in.in those days，the area looked quite differentit was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystalclear river.after three hard years，dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops.he was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”“you are clearing too much land， warned one old man.the land is a living thing.it will hit back at you if you abuse it.”“silly fool， said dennis to himself.if i clear more land，i can grow more crops.ill become wealthier.hes just jealous！”“dennis continued to chop down trees.small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed.he was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door.he did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land.he did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”“what happened？” martin asked.it was growing colder.he trembled，twisting his body closer to the fire.“the land hit backjust as the old man warned，” jack shrugged.“dennis disappeared.old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater.his body was never found.”“what a stupid story，” laughed tom.“plants cant.” before he had finished speaking，he screamed and fainted(晕倒)the other two boys jumped up with fright，staring at tom.suddenly，they burst out laughing.some green swamp ivy(常春藤) had covered toms face.it was a while before tom could appreciate the joke.(2013江西，a)56the underlined word “dare” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “_”acourage bassistancecinstruction dchallenge答案d解析词义猜测题。通过对上下文的理解可知，他们接受了jack的挑战，而来到这片沼泽地。57why did jack tell tom and martin the story?ato frighten them.bto satisfy their curiosity.cto warn them of the danger of the place.dto persuade them to camp in the swamp.答案b解析细节理解题。由第二、四段可知，martin和tom对沼泽地名字的由来感到很好奇。58why did dennis ignore the warning of the old man?athe old man envied him.bthe old man was foolish.che was too busy to listen to others.dhe was greedy for more crops.答案d解析细节理解题。根据“if i clear more land，i can grow more crops.ill become wealthier.hes just jealous！”可知，dennis认为，开垦更多的土地，就能种植更多的庄稼，他就会变得更加富有。因此，d项正确。59why did tom scream and faint?ahe saw denniss shadow.bhe was scared by a plant.chis friends played a joke on him.dthe weather became extremely cold.答案b解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的“some green swamp ivy(常春藤) had covered toms face.”可知b项正确。60what lesson can we learn from the story of dennis?agrasp all，lose all.bno sweat，no sweet.cit is no use crying over spilt milk.dhe who makes no mistakes makes nothing.答案a解析推理判断题。从dennis的故事中，我们得到的教训是：贪多必失。活页练(三十二).单项填空1do you think you can do it without help?_.this is not the first time for me.atake care bhurry upcnot exactly ddont worry答案d解析考查交际用语。take care小心；hurry up赶快；not exactly根本不，并没有；dont worry别担心。由语境可知，你不用担心，对“我”来说这不是第一次了。故d项正确。2which book do you like better?_.they are both of little use.aeither bnonecneither dany答案c解析考查代词用法。根据“both of”及“better”可知是对两者进行比较，排除b项和d项；根据答语中的“of little use”可知，c项正确。3dont repeat the story if lily _ them all about it.atells bhad toldchas told dwill tell答案c解析考查动词时态。句意为：如果lily已经告诉了他们全部情况就不要再重复了。由语境可知，tell这一动作已经发生，所以用现在完成时态，故c项正确。4how can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen?ain case beven ifcunless dwhen答案d解析when引导原因状语从句，相当于since和considering that，表示“既然”。5_made matters worse was_their sons disease was worsening.ait；that bthat；thatcwhat；why dwhat；that答案d解析第一空所填词应与made matter worse构成主语从句，作was的主语。句意为：令情况更糟的是他们儿子的病情正在加重。所以第一空应用what；第二空应用that，故选d。6what well do is leave a note for mum to tell her we _ back till late.ahave not been bare notcwont be dwere not答案c解析考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，回家这一动作还没有发生，即表示将来的动作，因此，应该使用一般将来时。故答案选c。7_ many times，but he still repeated the same mistakes.ahaving been told bto tellchaving told dhe had been told答案d解析由句中的but可知这是一个并列句，所以前面应是一个简单句。8did you go to the fashion show last week?i _，but i was fully occupied the whole week.amust go bmust have gonecwould go dwould have gone答案d解析考查虚拟语气。根据答语中的“but i was fully occupied”可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，应用would have done结构，表示“过去应该做而实际上未做”，故选d项。9the money _ you were to buy dog food is gone.awhy bwhichcfor whom dwith which答案d解析考查定语从句中“介词关系代词”的用法。句意为：你想买狗粮的钱没有了。定语从句“with which you were to buy dog food”用来修饰限定the money。故答案选d。10does your father smoke?no，its two years _ he smoked.abefore bsincecafter dwhen答案b解析考查连词。句意为：你父亲吸烟吗？不，他已经两年不吸烟了。由语境可知父亲已经不吸烟了，since后跟短暂性动词(smoke)表示动作已经结束。故答案选b。.阅读理解ast pauls cathedralludgate hill，ec4underground：st pauls；bus：6,8,11,15,22,25open：daily 8001900(1700 from oct.to mar.)entrance freedesigned by the great architect，sir christopher wren，st pauls cathedral was built following the great fire of london of 1666，which destroyed the gothic cathedral on the site at that time.it is crowned by a magnificent dome and its choir(唱诗班) is internationally famous.prince charles and lady diana spencer were married here in 1981.buckingham palacesouth end of the mall (sw1)underground：st jamess park，victoria，hyde park corner，green park；bus：2,11,14,16,19,22,24,29,30,38,52,73,74,137buckingham palace is the official residence of the monarch(君主) for much of the year.(when the monarch is in residence，a flag flies over the palace.)the mall is a very impressive wide street，leading from buckingham palace to trafalgar square.note：as the palace is the monarchs official residence，it is not open to the public during most of the year.the tower of londontower hill，ec3underground：tower hill；bus：42,78open：mon.sat.9001800；sun.8001900parts of the tower of london are over nine centuries old，as building began under william the conqueror in 1078.famous as a prison in the distant past，the tower has also been a royal residence，a zoo and an observatory(瞭望台)，among other things.it is now a museum and many thousands of people visit it every year in particular to see the crown jewels.westminster abbeybroad sanctuary，sw1underground：westminster，st jamess park；bus：3,11,12,24,29,39,53,59,76,77,88,109,155,168,170,172,184,503open：daily 8001800 (mar.dec.，tuesday till 2000)entrance freea benedictine abbey(本笃会修道院) which already existed on the site was rebuilt by edward the confessor and consecrated(奉为神圣) in 1065.on the way to its present form，the abbey was extended in the 13th16th centuries，with the two west towers being added in the 18th.there are many famous tombs in the abbey，including that of the unknown warrior and those of many poets and writers.1where is the text most probably taken from?aa history book about london.ba guidebook for visitors to london.ca book describing londons development.da book about londons churches and cathedrals.答案b解析推理判断题。文章分别从地址、交通方式、开放时间、历史背景及现状等多个角度介绍了伦敦的四个景点，由此推断，文章来自于一本伦敦旅游指南。2no.11 bus can take you to all three of these places：_.ast pauls cathedral，westminster abbey and the tower of londonbst pauls cathedral，westminster abbey and buckingham palacecst pauls cathedral，the tower of london and buckingham palacedwestminster abbey，the tower of london and buckingham palace答案b解析细节理解题。根据st pauls cathedral，westminster abbey和buckingham palace中关于公交车次的介绍，可知乘坐11路公交车能到达这三个景点。3you can see the inside of all the buildings all the year round except _.ast pauls cathedralbthe tower of londoncwestminster abbeydbuckingham palace答案d解析细节理解题。根据buckingham palace中的“note：as the palace is the monarchs official residence，it is not open to the public during most of the year.”可知一年中的大部分时间游客无法参观白金汉宫的内部。4the two places that you can visit by getting off at the same underground station are _.abuckingham palace and westminster abbeybbuckingham palace and st pauls cathedralcwestminster abbey and the tower of londondthe tower of london and st pauls cathedral答案a解析细节理解题。根据buckingham palace和westminster abbey中关于地铁站的介绍，可知在st jamess park站下车，能到达这两个景点。bgoing green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.whether that is good or bad，we cant really say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.on april 22,2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.this meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.rather than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.with the idea of going green every single day for a year，our green year started.my wife and i decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.we wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.over the course of our green year，we completely changed our lifestyles.we now shop at organic(有机的) stores.we consume less meat，choosing green food.we have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.we have given away half of what we owned through websites.our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners.we make our own butter，enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.in our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.our minds have been changed by our green year.we are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.we believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.(2013辽宁，b)5what might be the best title for the passage?agoing greenbprotecting the planetckeeping openmindeddcelebrating our green year答案a解析主旨大意题。短文开头就提到going green，下文又多次出现go green，green things等，所以确定标题应为a。6it was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because_.athey were expected to follow the green fadbthey didnt know how to educate other peoplecthey were unwilling to reduce their energy dthey needed to perform unusual green tasks答案d解析细节理解题。根据第二段特别是最后一句可知选d。7what did the couple do over the course of our green year?athey tried to get out of their ungreen habits.bthey ignored others ungreen behavior.cthey chose better chemical cleaners.dthey sold their homemade food.答案a解析细节理解题。根据第四段特别是前两句可判断选a。8what can we infer from the last paragraph?athe government will give support to the green project.bthe couple may continue their project in the future.csome people disagree with the couples green ideas.dour green year is becoming a national campaign.答案b解析推理判断题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句可推断他们将继续进行going green这一方案。.书面表达假设你是张华，现就读于多伦多大学(the university of toronto)。请就你的室友tom的不文明表现写信给好友david求助，词数120左右。1不讲卫生(sanitation)；2休息时间大声播放音乐；3随意动用他人物品；4常带朋友到宿舍喝酒喧闹。参考范文dear david，i am studying in the university of toronto.now i have some problems with my roommate，tom，and i am writing to ask you for help.tom is basically a good guy.but he doesnt care much about some of his behaviors.he pays no attention to the room sanitation，often leaving his things about.he plays very loud music during the rest time.at times，i find him using others daily things without permission.whats worse，he often brings his friends here to drink，talking and laughing loudly.i have been trying to ask him not to do that，but he doesnt listen to me.what shall i do？would you be so kind as to give me some advice?best wishes!yours，zhang hua考点14词义猜测之猜测短语题真题解密many people think that listening is a passive business.it is just the opposite.listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.it is because they do not realize this，or because they are not willing to do the work，that most people do not listen well.listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.an essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketingbracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires，to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside，stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes.moreover，since listening well involves bracketing，it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person.sensing this acceptance，the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.true communication is under way.the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy.even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well，what we are usually doing is listening selectively.often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder，as we listen，how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening，or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.it wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that i have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)in about a quarter of the patients i saw，surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法)，before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained.there are several reasons for this phenomenon，but chief among th