【步步高】（四川专用）高考英语二轮复习 第一部分专题6 定语从句(1).docVIP

专题6定语从句考点1as引导定语从句真题解密_ is often the case with children，amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013陕西，16)ait bthatcwhat das答案d解析句意为：就像其他小孩子的情况一样，医生到达时amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是这样，此处as 引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。变式训练(1)there is no simple answer，_is often the case in science.(2013山东，31)aas bthat cwhen dwhere答案a解析考查定语从句as引导的非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代前面提到的整句话。所以答案为a项。(2)a computer is so useful a machine _ we can use everywhere.athat bwhichcas dwhat答案c解析定语从句中动词use缺少宾语，且先行词前有so，故应选择as引导定语从句，构成so.as.。知识生成1as通常引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句。2as引导非限制性定语从句时，主句中往往有such，the same，as，so等词。3注意：such/so.that.(that引导结果状语从句)和such/so.as.(as引导定语从句)的区别。he is such a good boy that we all like him.他那么好的一个男孩，我们都喜欢他。he is such a good boy as we all like.他那么好我们都喜欢。考点2where引导定语从句真题解密nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.(2013四川，9)awhat bwhichcwhen dwhere答案d解析句意为：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。本题考查定语从句的用法。environment为先行词且在定语从句中作地点状语，故选d项。变式训练its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.athat bwhencwhich dwhere答案d解析考查定语从句。先行词是situation，其后是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，故选d项。知识生成当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从中”。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。如：he wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起故事发生的事情。sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.(2012重庆，29)导购员是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。考点3“介词when或where”引导定语从句真题解密the book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007山东，35)awhen bduring whichcsince then dsince when答案d解析since whensince 1946，此处用since来连接两个句子，其主句要用现在完成时态。变式训练i climbed up to the top of the tower with my friend，_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the city.awhere bwhichcfrom where din which答案c解析from wherefrom the top of the tower，符合上下文逻辑关系。知识生成关系副词when，where前可加介词since，from等引导定语从句。two years ago i bought a packet of your razor blades，since when i have used no others.两年前我买了一包你们的剃须刀片，从那以后我再没用过别的。china is the birth place of kites，from where kite flying spread to japan，korea，thailand and india.中国是风筝的故乡，从那里风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。考点4which引导非限制性定语从句真题解密we have launched another manmade satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.(2013天津，6)athat bwhich cwho dwhat答案b解析考查非限制性定语从句。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；who指代前面句子中表示人的词；what不引导定语从句。变式训练mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012，_made one of the chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. (2013安徽，29)ait bthat cwhat dwhich答案d解析考查定语从句的引导词。句意为：莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的全部内容。知识生成which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句时，从句要放在主句后。which在从句中作实义动词的主语时，不能用as代替。如果主从句语义不一致，要用which引导定语从句，如：he came at last，which we didnt expect.他最终来了，这是我们所没想到的。考点5“名词/代词/数词等ofwhich/whom”引导定语从句真题解密the children，_ had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013浙江，5)aall of what ball of whichcall of them dall of whom答案d解析考查定语从句。先行词为children，故排除a、b两项；all of them不能引导定语从句。d项中whom为关系代词，指代前面的children，故答案为d项。变式训练john invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of _ are family members.(2013重庆，24)a them bthatcwhich dwhom答案d解析考查定语从句。句意为：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。前后句之间用逗号隔开了，故答案不可能是a项；that不引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是40 people，指人，故用关系代词whom。知识生成介词of表示整体和部分的关系，of前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有 “some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等ofwhich/whom”形式。做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。考点6区分定语从句和并列句真题解密ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a tshirt，_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(2011大纲全国，7)athis bthatcwhat dwhich答案d解析句意为：ted仅穿着短裤和t恤来过周末，在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。this，what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。变式训练the doctor advised vera strongly that she should take a holiday，but _ didnt help.ait bshecwhich dhe答案a解析句中有并列连词but，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以用代词it，指代前面句子的内容。知识生成学习定语从句时，要注意和并列句的区分。如果前后句之间是分号，这说明整个句子是并列句，不需要用关系词；如果前后句之间有and，but，so，or等连词，则整个句子也是并列句，也不需要用关系词；如果前后句之间是逗号，因逗号不能连接两个独立的句子，故必须用关系词来引导定语从句。1in our class there are 46 students，_ half wear glasses.(2012四川，13)ain whom bin themcof whom dof them答案c解析考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；“在46个学生当中”，表所属，应用of。故选c。2the school shop，_ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.(2011四川，17)awhich bwhosecwhen dwhere答案b解析句意为：这个学校商店，其主要顾客是学生，因为放假暂停营业。根据句子结构及句意可确定该题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，充当从句的主语、宾语或表语；whose充当定语从句的定语，根据句意确定此选项符合要求；when和where分别充当定语从句中的时间状语和地点状语，不符合句意和语法需要。3many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected. (2013北京，27)awhen bwhich cwhose dwhere答案d解析考查定语从句。句意为：眼下，很多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。先行词为national parks，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导，相当于in which。4he may win the competition，_he is likely to get into the national team.(2013辽宁，34)ain which case bin that casecin what case din whose case答案a解析考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，用which引导，in which case意为“在这种情况下”。5happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南，21)awhom bwhocwhat dwhich答案b解析考查定语从句的用法。句意为：快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知，“_are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，所以用who引导。故答案选b。 6“you cant judge a book by its cover，”_(2013新课标全国，33)aas the saying goes oldbgoes as the old sayingcas the old saying goesdgoes as old the saying答案c解析考查非限制性定语从句的语序。句意为：常言道，人不可貌相。as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，不用倒装。7the museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013浙江，13)awhat bwherecwhen dwhy答案b解析考查定语从句。 本句主干是说“博物馆明春开放”，后面with复合结构作状语，补充信息“到时有一个展览，还有一个游客们可以观看正在建设的巨大暖房的观景台”。a viewing platform观景台，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，应当由关系副词where引导。故正确答案为b项。8finally he reached a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.(2013山东，35)awhen bwhere cwhich dwhom答案c解析考查定语从句。根据句子结构分析，后面为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以答案只能选c项。9the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.(2013福建，27)awhose bthatcwho dwhich答案a解析句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，所以应使用关系代词whose引导。10maria has written two novels，both of _ have been made into television series.(2012山东，23)athem bthatcwhich dwhat答案c解析句意为：玛丽娅已写了两部小说，它们都已被拍成了电视剧。分析题干结构可以看出：maria has written two novels是一个完整的含“主谓宾”的句子。如果后半句也是个完整的句子的话，那么题干中的两个分句中间缺少连接词and，故a项不正确。由此不难看出空格处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替先行词two novels。that作关系代词不能放于介词之后；what不能引导定语从句。分清句子结构是解答本题的关键。活页练(八).单项填空1after the flooding, people were suffering in that area，_urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.(2012江苏，22)awhich bwhocwhere dwhat答案b解析指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选b项。2a lot of language learning，_has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.(2012安徽，29)aas bitcwhich dthis答案a解析句意为：正如被发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在人生的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那个时期和孩子多说话。空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句，故b、d两项可排除。由句意知空格处的关系词指代a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life这个句子。指代某个句子时，as引导的非限制性定语从句可后指或前指，而which引导的从句只能前指。此处为后指，因此a项正确。3we live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2012浙江，9)awhy bwhencto whom don which答案b解析when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age(时代)。4the air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. (2012福建，23)athat bitcas dwhat答案c解析句意为：正如报告中所显示的，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月已经得到了改善。分析句子结构可知，两个逗号之间的部分为非限制性定语从句；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句；it和what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选c项。5i wish to thank professor smith，without_help i would never have got this far.(2012天津，7)awho bwhosecwhom dwhich答案b解析句意为：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“的”。考生容易误选c项，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without professor smith，而忽略了题干中的help。若选c项的话，可去掉题干中的help。6the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that faraway village.auntil bthatcwhen dwhere答案c解析本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。做好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语back to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours，并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。7is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?awho bwhoscwhich dwhose答案d解析whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。8im interested in _ you have said.aall that ball whatcthat dwhich答案a解析that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all，所以只能选用that引导。9i was given three books on cooking，the first _ i really enjoyed.aof that bof whichcthat dwhich答案b解析从句还原成完整句子应该是“i really enjoyed the first of those.”故选of which。10so you have met maria?yes，it was last week _ we attended jacks party.athat btherecwhich dwhen答案d解析这是一个省略句，完整形式是：it was last week when we attended jacks party that i met maria.句子的主体部分是一个强调句型，被强调部分last week后跟一个定语从句。last week是先行词，从句中缺少时间状语，用when来引导。.阅读理解ain 1978，i was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from sydney，australia.i was looking forward to having five days off from duty.unfortunately，the only one train a day back to my home in sydney had already left.so i thought id hitch a ride (搭便车)i waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.finally，a man walked over and introduced himself as gordon.he said that although he couldnt give me a lift，i should come back to his house for lunch.he noticed me standing for hours in the november heat and thought i must be hungry.i was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心) me i was safe，and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.when we arrived at his house，he made us sandwiches.after lunch，he helped me find a lift home.twentyfive years later，in 2003，while i was driving to a nearby town one day，i saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat，trying to hitch a ride.i thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour id been given decades earlier.i pulled over and picked him up.i made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.after a few moments of small talk，the man said to me，“you havent changed a bit，even your red hair is still the same.”i couldnt remember where id met him.he then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago.it was gordon.(2013陕西，b)1the author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because _.aher work delayed her trip to sydneybshe was going home for her holidayscthe town was far away from sydneydshe missed the only train back home答案d解析细节理解题。由文章第一段第三句“unfortunately，the only one train a day back to my home in sydney had already left.”可知答案为d项。2which of the following did gordon do according to paragraph 2?ahe helped the girl find a ride.bhe gave the girl a ride back home.che bought sandwiches for the girl.dhe watched the girl for three hours.答案a解析细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句可知，b项“he gave”不正确，应为“he found”；由文章第二段倒数第二句可知，c项“he bought”不对，应为“he made”。3the reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that _.ashe realized he was gordonbshe had known him for decadescshe was going to the nearby town dshe wanted to repay the favour she once got答案d解析细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句“i thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour id been given decades earlier.”可知，作者曾经受过别人的帮助，而她要帮助其他人作为回报。4what does the author want to tell the readers through the story?agiving sometimes produces nice results.bthose who give rides will be repaid.cgood manners bring about happiness.dpeople should offer free rides to others.答案a解析写作意图题。作者用第三段第二句话点明了她的意图。她要告诉读者：就像那位好心人一样，帮助别人就等于帮助自己。bone of the greatest contributors to the first oxford english dictionary was also one of its most unusual.in 1879，oxford university in england asked prof.james murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language.it would include every english word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文) showing how it was used.this was a huge task，so murray had to find volunteers from britain，the united states，and the british colonies to search every newspaper，magazine，and book ever written in english.hundreds of volunteers responded，including william chester minor.dr.minor was an american surgeon who had served in the civil war and was now living in england.he gave his address as “broadmoor，crowthorne，berkshire”，50 miles from oxford.minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray.over the next 17 years，he became one of the staffs most valued contributors.but he was also a mystery.in spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit oxford.so in 1897，murray finally decided to travel to crowthorne himself.when he arrived，he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum(精神病院) for the criminally insane.murray and minor became friends，sharing their love of words.minor continued contributing to the dictionary，sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.murray continued to visit minor regularly，sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.in 1910，minor left broadmoor for an asylum in his native america.murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.minor died in 1920，seven years before the first edition of the oxford english dictionary was completed.the 12 volumes defined 414,825 words，and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. (2012山东，b)5according to the text，the first oxford english dictionary_.acame out before minor diedbwas edited by an american volunteercincluded the english words invented by murraydwas intended to be the most ambitious english dictionary答案d解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段第一句可知a项错误；由文章第一段中的“in 1879，oxford university in england asked prof.james murray to serve as editor.”可知词典是由英国人murray编辑的，而后文提到的美国人minor只是个捐稿人，故b项错误；c项表示“包括了murray发明的所有单词”，文中未提及本细节，故错误；由文章第一段中“.serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language.”可知d项正确。6how did dr.minor contribute to the dictionary?ahe helped murray to find hundreds of volunteers.bhe sent newspapers，magazines and books to murray.che provided a great number of words and quotations.dhe went to england to work with murray.答案c解析细节理解题。文章第二段提到murray找志愿者而不是minor帮着找，故a项错误；b项文中并未提及；由第三段中的“minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray.”可知c项正确；由第四段中“.he would always decline to visit oxford.”可知d项错误。7why did dr.minor refuse to visit oxford?ahe was shut in an asylum.bhe lived far from oxford.che was busy writing a book.dhe disliked traveling.答案a解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“when he arrived，he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum.”可知选a项。8prof.murray and dr.minor became friends mainly because_.athey both served in the civil warbthey had a common interest in wordscminor recovered with the help of murraydmurray went to america regularly to visit minor答案b解析推理判断题。文章只在第二段提到minor served in the civil war，故可排除a项；文中并未提及“在murray的帮助下minor康复了”这件事，故c项错误；由文章第五段可以看出，murray是到离oxford不远的broadmoor去拜访minor，这是在英国，而不是去了美国，故d项错误；由文章第五段第一句“murray and minor became friends，sharing their love of words.”可知b项正确。9which of the following best describes dr.minor?abrave and determined.bcautious and friendly.cconsiderate and optimistic.dunusual and scholarly.答案d解析推理判断题。通读全文及文章最后一