云南省丽江市永胜县永北镇中学初中英语 介词的用法专项讲解与练习.doc

云南省丽江市永胜县永北镇中学初中英语 介词的用法专项讲解与练习1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到” 2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 the bird is flying above my head. there is a bridge over the river. he put his watch on the desk. 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in january, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on may 1st, on monday, on new years day, on a cold night in january, on a fine morning, on sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：we meet every day. 2)in, after 在之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从 from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示自（某具体时间）以来，常用作完成时态谓语 的时间状语。 since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 they have been close friends since childhood 他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指自从战争结束以来，若指自从战争开始以来，须说since the beginning of the war。 （2）不要将since与after混淆。 比较：he has worked here since 1965（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965 （指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。 4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。 时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to 说过要用past 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3)except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在内； besides 除之外，包括在内。 except for mr. wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) besides mr. wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) 4）near 靠近.。 there are some flowers near the house. 房子附近有一些花。 5）of .的，属于.。 this is a map of china. 这是一张中国地图。 6）off 离开.，在.之外。 the young man got off the train quickly. 那个年青人很快下了火车。 i live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。 7）on 在.之上。 my book is on the table. 我的书在桌子上。 8）out of 从.出来，在.之外。 the dog run out of the house. 狗从房子里跑出来。 9）outside . 外边. they are waiting outside the gate. 他们在门外等着。 10）over 在.之上，遍于.之上，越过.。 there is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盏灯。 he is over sixty years old. 他有六十多岁。 11）past 越过.，过.，超越.。 the students walked past the post office. 学生们走过了邮局。 it is ten past two. 现在是两点十分。 12）round 围着.，绕过.，在.周围。 we sat round the table. 我们围着桌子坐下。 the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 13）since 自. 以后，自.以来。 he has made great progress in english since he came into the college. 从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。 14）through 经过.，穿过.。（立体层面） they went through the forest. 他们穿过了森林。 15）throughout 遍及.，在各处。 the police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain. 警察搜山寻找犯人。 16）till 直到.，在.以前。 he didnt come back till eleven oclock. 他直到十一点钟才回来。 well be home till six. 六点以前我们都会在家。 17）to 到.，向.，趋于。 how long is it from here to the station？ 从这儿到车站有多远？ 18）under 在.之下，低于。 there are some footballs under the bed. 床底下有几颗足球。 these students are under seventeen years old. 这些学生们不到十七岁。 19）until 直到，在.以前， please wait for us until we come back. 请等着我们回来。 it was not until last week that i handed in mathematics paper. 直到上周，我才交了数学论文。 20）up 在.上面，在.上。 he went up the stairs. 他上了楼梯。 21）upon 在.之上，迫近.。 its not polite to look down upon him. 蔑视他是不礼貌的。 22）within 在.之内。 you must finish the work within two weeks. 你必须两周内完成这项工作。 23）without 没有，不，在.之外。 we cant do it better without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。 we couldnt live without air and water. 没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。 动词与介词（或副词）的搭配 addto 加到上 agree with 同意（某人） arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 beginwith 从开始 believe in 相信 break into 闯入 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育，培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 clear up 整理，收拾 come about 发生，产生 come across （偶然）遇见 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 comparewith 与比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过 give in 让步，屈服 4. the football fans cheered their team _ the entrance _ the field.a. at; on b. in; at c. at; to d. on; at5. all the students envied him _ having succeeded in the tofel test.a. as b. for c. in d. with6. in the college entrance examination, one of my students did very well _ poor handwriting.a. except b. except for c. except that d. but for7. i am sure you will excuse me _ not telling you ahead of time.a. from b. for c. since d. at8. it is said that a collection of paintings by david is _ exhibition at the museum. a. on b. at c. for d. in9. during the whole tv interview, the middle-school girl student never once looked me _ .a. in face b. on the face c. in the face d. to the face10. officially the frenchman is in charge, but _ his secretary does all the work.a. in need b. in fact c. for fact d. for this reason11. - i am not _ this city. would you please introduce it to me?- with pleasure.a. familiar to b. familiar in c. familiar for d. familiar with12. this area is famous _ its apples and it is famous _ the home of apple.a. with; for b. for; as c. for; as d. as; to13. the plan for a new airport have been scrapped _ an extension to the old one.a. in favour b. out of favour c. in favour of d. favourite、14. they hurried away _ fear that should be caught in rain.a. in b. for c. at d. on15. two dogs _ a bone, and a third runs away with it.a. fight back b. fight with c. fight against d. fight for16. when the good news that our football team won the championship, the hall was at once _ great joy.a. filled of b. full with c. filled with d. fill with17. the prime minister was more fit _ his office than anyone else.a. for b. to c. with d. of 18. when the boy playing by the river fell into the river, i was out of the room _.a. in flash b. in a flash c. as a flash d. for a flash19. with the guide leading the way, the visitors were able to travel through the forest not by air but _ foot.a. by b. on c. in d. with 20. i know it is difficult _ him to talk like the lecturer, but i think he should grasp every chance .a. of b. for c. with d. over21. people eat a lot of sugar _ cakes, soft drinks, sweets and so on every day. a. in form of b. in the shape of c. shaped by d. at form of22. we couldnt read the notice on the board because several people were standing _ it.a. in front of b. in the front of c. at the back of d. in back of23. it is not right _ a person who is _ trouble.a. to make fun of; at b. to make fun of; in c. to be made fun of; in d. to be made fun of; with24. we went _ our plan carefully before we carried it out.a. through b. off c. out d. with25. taiji boxing is good _ health, so the old man began to practise it ten years ago and now he is good _ it.a. for; to b. to; for c. for; at d. at; for26. he cut the apple _, and gave the big to his little sister.a. into half b. into halves c. in halves d. in the half27. oh, sorry. a lighted cigarette burned a hole _ my coat, and i have to change another one.a. in b. on c. at d. by28. the form is very important. please fill in the form _ ink not _ a pencil, jacka. in; by b. with; in c. in; with d. by; in 29. i wrote to mr. green, _ him _ the lost case.a. informof b. informingof c. informedabout d. informfor30. last week, we had a meeting. i told the chairman that i couldnt attend it for i had something important to do, but he insisted _ my being present.a. on b. in c. to d. at31. in order to finish the work in time，they always worked far_ the night.a. in b. onto c. at d. into 32. when we heard the news that our team has won more than 30 gold medals athena olympic games, we sang and danced _ joy.a. to b. with c. at d. of33. it is said that hong kong will be joined _ the mainland _ a beautiful bridge on the sea in the near future.a. by; with b. with; by c. by; to d. to; by34. cant you keep your dog _coming into my yard? it is always disturbing us.a. off b. into c. out d. from35. you should say i am sorry when you knock _ somebody.a. at b. in c. to d. into 36. in the following spring , the seeds should be knocked _ the seed-heads and sown .a. out of b. into c. over d. at 37. - could you please tell me how can i get to the post office?- go straight a