高考英语复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测二十阅读理解主旨大意类之全文大意题或段落大意题.docx

专题限时检测(二十)阅读理解主旨大意类之全文大意题或段落大意题(加的为全文大意题或段落大意题，本卷限时24分钟)A(2017镇江市高三模拟考试)The habitforming process within our brains is a threestep loop (回路). First, there is a cue, a trigger that tells your brain to go into automatic mode (模式) and which habit to use. Then there is the routine, which can be physical or mental or emotional. Finally, there is a reward, which helps your brain figure out if this particular loop is worth remembering for the future. Over time, this loop cues, routines, rewards becomes more and more automatic. The cue and reward become intertwined (交织) until a powerful sense of anticipation and a desire appear. Eventually, a habit is born.Habits arent destiny. Habits can be ignored, changed, or replaced. But the reason the discovery of the habit loop is so important is that it reveals a basic truth: When a habit appears, the brain stops fully participating in decisionmaking. It stops working so hard, or shifts focus to other tasks. So unless you deliberately fight a habit unless you find new routines the pattern will unfold automatically. Habits never really disappear. Theyre encoded (把编码) into the structures of our brain, and thats a huge advantage for us, because it would be awful if we had to relearn how to drive after every vacation. The problem is that your brain cant tell the difference between bad and good habits, and so if you have a bad one, its always lurking (蛰伏) there, waiting for the right cues and rewards.This explains why its so hard to create exercise habits, for instance, or change what we eat. Once we develop a routine of sitting on the sofa, rather than running, or snacking whenever we pass a doughnut box, those patterns always remain inside our heads. By the same rule, though, if we learn to create new neurological (神经系统的) routines that overpower those behaviors if we take control of the habit loop we can force those bad tendencies into the background. And once someone creates a new pattern, studies have demonstrated, going for a jog or ignoring the doughnuts becomes as automatic as any other habit.Of course, those decisions are habitual, effortless. As long as your basal ganglia (基底核) is complete and the cues remain constant, the behaviors will occur unthinkingly. At the same time, however, the brains dependence on automatic routines can be dangerous. Habits are often as much a curse as a benefit.1What can we learn about the habit loop from the first two paragraphs?AIt helps your brain understand what is worth remembering.BIt is a threestep loop consisting of a cue, a routine and a reward.CIt becomes automatic and develops a sense of anticipation and desire.DIt reveals a basic truth that the pattern of a habit will unfold automatically.解析：选B细节理解题。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第一段中的“The habitforming process within our brains is a threestep loop(回路)First，there is a cue . Then there is the routine . Finally, there is a reward”可知，习惯形成的过程是一个三步走的回路，分别是：提示、惯例和奖励。故选B项。2The advantage of habits never really disappearing is that _.Awe can easily change what we eatBwe develop a routine of sitting on the sofaCwe dont necessarily learn a skill againDwe can distinguish between bad and good habits解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，从未真正消失的习惯会被编入我们的大脑结构中，正是得益于此，我们不必重新学习一门技能。故选C项。3What can be inferred from the last sentence in Paragraph 4?AHabits can be changed and replaced.BHabits cannot be ignored or created.COld patterns always exist in our brain.DNew patterns seldom remain in our heads.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，研究表明，一旦有人创造了新的模式，慢跑或忽视甜甜圈就变得和任何其他的习惯一样自动化了。由此可推断，习惯可以被改变或替代。故选A项。4.What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe discovery of the habit loop.BThe automatic pattern of habits.CThe research on the habitforming process.DThe brains dependence on automatic routines.解析：选B全文大意题。本文主要介绍的是习惯的形成是一个自动化的过程，一旦人们创造了新的习惯回路模式，习惯就可能被忽略、改变或替换。故B项最能概括文章大意。B(2017苏北四市高三期末联考)In creating AJ.Fikrys ordinaryyetextraordinary life, the author Gabrielle Zevin has thrown every clich (老生常谈) into the mix. The hero, AJ.Fikry, lost his beloved wife Nic in a road accident. The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing. The enthusiastic new sales representative Amelia wont stop annoying him with new books. His rare and very valuable first edition has gone missing. But the unexpected arrival of Maya left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to his life.There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to tell where the story is headed. But that is not the point; the elichs and the predictable plot take nothing away from Zevins work The Storied Life of A. JFikry because its how she tells the story that first charms the readers, then holds their attention, making them read the whole book in a single sitting and finally give the book a long hug when they are finished. This book is a love letter to the joys of reading. Each chapter begins with the title of a short story or a book and a note from AJ.Fikry describing what he likes about it, essentially introducing each character by what they read. The characters are so realistic that its hard not to fall in love with all of them: Maya, “the fantastic bookworm”， Amelia, “the giantess” with questionable taste in fashion, Lambiase, the adorable police chief, and AJ.Fikry, the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline”The passage of time race issues and the bureaucratic argument of childrens services are all put aside in the telling of this story, not because theres anything to hide or because reality is not allowed to interfere, but because the author chooses to focus on the important stuff. For example, it focuses on Lambiase who organizes a reading club for policemen at the bookstore. His original intention is to help promote business, but over the years he becomes a genuine booklover, one who tends to always have simple advice for his cynical (愤世嫉俗的) friend, AJ.Fikry. “Bad timing，” Lambiase claims. “Ive been a police officer for twenty years now and Ill tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing, and every good thing is the result of good timing.”More than anything else, this novel is not only about the selling of them or the reading of them, but how books and stories become part of our lives, how we find ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us. It is also about the power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just around the corner. The Late Bloomer is the book within a book which brings together AJ.Fikry and Amelia. It reminds them that life doesnt follow a set script, things happen when they are meant to happen, and there is no such thing as “too late” for anything. Life is the big picture. Always look at the big picture. Enjoy it. Dont get too concentrated on the details, because it will all be over before you know it. In the long run nobody, not even you, will remember the ordinary details because they are, in the end, quite irrelevant.AJ.Fikrys final words of wisdom to teenaged Maya convey the same feelings in literary terms: “We are not quite novels. We are not quite short stories. In the end, we_are_collected_works. We have read enough to know there are no collections where each story is perfect. Some of us hit. Some miss.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要是有关Gabrielle Zevin的作品The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry的评论。5The authors attitude towards Zevins book is _.AsupportiveBcriticalCobjective Dindifferent解析：选A推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段至第四段的内容可知，作者认为这本书蕴含着丰富的人生哲理，且对读者极具吸引力，故作者对这本书的态度是支持的。6How many characters of the novel are mentioned in the passage?AFour. BFive.CSix. DSeven.解析：选B细节理解题。文章第一段提到了A.J.Fikry, Nic, Amelia和Maya这四个人物；第三段中提到Lambiase这个人物。所以本文一共提到小说中的五个人物。故选B。7The police chief organizing a reading club is mentioned to prove _ in the novel.Athere is really nothing to hideBreality is not allowed to interfereCimportant stuff has been focused onDeverything is a result of timing解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段中的前两句话可知，作者举警察局长的例子是为了说明本段第一句话中的“focus on the important stuff”，即这本小说集中于重要的东西。故选C。8What can be implied in Paragraph 5 ?AThe novel underlines happiness will always be around.BThe novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book.CIt is The Late Bloomer that brings AJ.Fikry and Amelia together.DIt is important to do things on the basis of overall situations.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段的后半段“Life is the big picture . quite irrelevant.”可知，不必关注人生的细节，而应该看得长远，关注大局。故选D。9The underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably means _.Aour life is full of ups and downsBwe should collect works all our lifeCour life is closely connected with booksDwe should read books all our life解析：选A句意理解题。我们既不是长篇小说，也不是短篇小说，最终我们都是小说集。我们读过足够多的书，因此知道没有每个故事都完美的小说集。故画线句用来比喻人生充满起起落落，没有谁的人生是完美的。故选A。10.The passage is mainly about _.Athe extraordinary life of AJ.FikryBthe moral lesson of no “too late” in lifeCa comment on The Late BloomerDa review of The Storied Life of AJ.Fikry解析：选D全文大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是有关Gabrielle Zevin的作品The Storied Life of AJ.Fikry的评论。故选D。C(2017徐州市高三考前信息卷)The splendid aurora light displays that appear in Earths atmosphere around the north and south magnetic (磁的) poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and groundbased observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is a massive electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign. To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere (磁层), a huge region created by the Earths magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, rushing toward the earth is the solar wind, a speedily moving body of ionized (离子化的) gases with its own magnetic field. Charged particles (粒子) in this solar wind speed earthward along the solar winds magnetic lines of force. The Earths magnetosphere is a barrier to the solar winds, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and of the solar wind gather together. Here many of the solar winds charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earths magnetic field. They then rush back and forth between the Earths magnetic poles very rapidly and ionize and excite the atoms of the upper atmosphere of the Earth, causing them to produce aurora radiations of visible light. The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms producing them. The leading greenish white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and produce pink light. Excited nitrogen (氮) atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly shining belts wrapped around each of the Earths magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar flares (闪光) that result in magnetic storms and a