【步步高】（四川专用）高考英语二轮复习 第一部分专题12 完形填空(1).doc

单项填空答题技巧单项填空往往只是由两三句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的：1整体理解句意法：在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题。the number of students admitted annually to this school from more than 1,000 in the year 2000 to some 2,000 last year.aincreases bhas increasedcis increasing dincreased答案b解析题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语，修饰some 2,000，所以不要误选d项。2常识语境法：单项填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是设置特定的语境对语法和词汇进行考查。准确了解语境信息就成为成功解答语境单选题的钥匙，语境信息在题干中可以是单词、短语或完整的句子。i stayed at a hotel while in new york.oh，did you？you with barbara.acould have stayed bcould staycwould stay dmust have stayed答案a解析本题中的不定冠词“a”为语境信息词。at a hotel而并非at the hotel，只有通过不定冠词a对整个题干的准确理解才不致于误选d项。3剖析题干法：分析句子结构，明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的。在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号，连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句。news came from the school office wang lin had been admitted to beijing university.awhich bwhat cthat dwhere答案c解析在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了d项。4观察法：通过初、高中知识的积累，同学们掌握了大量的句型，其中有些句型看上去极其相似，同学们在解题时必须细心审题，加以辨别，找出所考查的句型。 is well known that he is good at maths in our class. is well known，he is good at maths in our class. is well known is that he is good at maths in our class.awhat bthis cit das答案cda解析这三句话表达的是同一个意思。第一个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；第二个句子是由as引导的非限制性定语从句；第三个句子是一个“主系表”结构的句子，what在此引导一个主语从句。5结构还原法：结构还原是指把主从复合句还原为两个或几个简单句，把疑问句还原为陈述句，把强调句式或倒装句式还原为普通句式，把省略句补充完整，把被动结构还原为主动结构等。what made her so happy? her son passed the college entrance examinations.athat b/ csince dfor答案a解析做对此题的关键是要明确答语部分为省略句，若将其补充完整即为：that her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy.。6排除思维定势干扰法：在学习过程中，同学们已经做了大量习题，因此对有些看似熟悉的题目产生了思维定势。当题干略有变化时，不能随机应变，而是凭老经验办事，结果造成错误。im thinking of the test tomorrow.im afraid i cant pass this time. ！im sure youll make it. ago ahead bgood luckcno problem dcheer up答案d解析题干表示的是“说话人的担心、忧虑”，而不是简单陈述一件事实“我明天参加考试”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而应该是安慰的话：“振作点！我认为你能行。”专题1动词的时态与语态考点1现在完成时在特殊句式中的运用真题解密it is the most instructive lecture that i since i came to this school.(2011湖南，30)aattended bhad attendedcam attending dhave attended答案d解析句意为：这是自从我来到这所学校以来所听过的最有教育意义的讲座。句中since表示“自从以来”，后接表示时间的状语从句，这时主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。故本题选d项。变式训练this is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.asee bhad seencsaw dhave seen答案d解析考查动词时态。the序数词time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，故选d项。知识生成1在 “it is/was the first/second.time that.”这一句型中的that从句要用现在完成时(前边是is)或过去完成时(前边是was)。its the first time that i have been to beijing.这是我第一次去北京。2“it/this/that is the best (worst，most interesting)名词that.”结构中的从句常用现在完成时。it is the best film ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。 3在after，as soon as，if，till，when等引导的状语从句中，常用现在完成时代替将来完成时。when shall we restart our business?not until we have finished our plan.(2010四川，16)我们的生意何时重新开张？直到完成我们的计划。4某些时间状语如during/in/over the last/past一段时间，ever since，so far，up to now，these days等常与现在完成时连用。during the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.(2013浙江，10)在过去的三十年里，参加健身计划的人数急剧增加。 have you heard about the recent election?sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.(2013湖南，27)你听说过有关最近选举的事情了吗？当然，这已经成为最近三天报道的唯一话题。考点2过去完成时的特殊用法真题解密what a mistake!yes.i his doing it another way，but without success.(2011四川，19)awas suggesting bwill suggestcwould suggest dhad suggested答案d解析句意为：竟犯了这样的错误！是啊。我曾建议他用另外一种方法做，但没有成功。was suggesting是过去进行时；will suggest是一般将来时；would suggest是过去将来时；had suggested是过去完成时。根据语境可知suggest动作应发生在犯错误之前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。变式训练if we the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.atake bhad takenctook dhave taken答案b解析考查虚拟语气。所填词作虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故所填部分用had过去分词形式，故选b项。知识生成1过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图、打算或希望等，同时兼有一种对过去希望的破灭的惋惜之情。这种用法仅限于少数动词，如hope，wish，want，plan，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等。they had expected to see the film but couldnt get tickets.他们本来指望看这场电影的，但是没有买到票。2过去完成时常用于虚拟条件从句和wish的宾语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。if we hadnt made adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.(2012山东，30)如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议是不可能那么成功的。考点3进行时的两个特殊用法真题解密we very early so we packed the night before.(2013新课标，7)aleave bhad leftcwere leaving dhave left答案c解析句意为：我们打算很早就出发，因此我们昨天晚上就打好包了。此处表示过去计划好将要发生的动作，过去进行时表示将来。其余均不合题意，可排除。真题解密i to visit you later that day，but i had to phone and cancel.(2013江西，35)acome bcamecam coming dwas coming答案d解析本题考查时态。句意为：那天我本来打算晚些时候去拜访你的，但是我不得不打电话取消了。表示过去没有实现的打算，用was doing来表示。变式训练“the moment soon，” he thought to himself，waiting nervously.(2012湖南，27)acame bhas comecwas coming dis coming答案d解析根据soon“很快”断定用将来时，这里是直接引语，所以要用is coming(表示“来、去、动身、启程”这类动词经常用进行时表将来)。句意为：“这一时刻很快就要到了，”他心想，并着急地等待着。知识生成1进行时除了表示正在进行的动作之外，还可表示某个按计划或安排将要发生的动作。常用的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，start，take，fly，meet等。一般现在时也可以指将来时间，表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，或者事先安排好的动作。the manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. (2012山东，34)听说他信任的员工有两名要离开，经理很是忧虑。2过去进行时可表示主语过去未曾实现的安排或打算。 oh，dear! i was writing him a letter this morning，but i forgot all about it.哦，天啊！我今天上午本打算给他写信的，但我把这事全给忘了。考点4各种将来时的区别真题解密do you think mom and dad late?no.swiss air is usually on time.(2013北京，25)awere bwill becwould be dhave been答案b解析本题考查动词的时态。句意为：你认为爸爸妈妈会迟到吗？不，瑞士航空通常很准时。由句意知爸爸妈妈还没来，“迟到”是将来的事情，故b项正确。变式训练the discovery of gold in australia led thousands to believe that a fortune .(2010全国，32)ais made bwould makecwas to be made dhad made答案c解析句意为：在澳大利亚发现黄金这件事情使成千上万的人相信要发财了。thousands在此处指代成千上万的人，由led的时态可知a项不符合句意；而had made为过去完成时，发生在led动作之前，不符合语境；would make应该为would be made；故只有was to be made正确。知识生成be going to指说话者主观打算做某事或客观迹象表明即将发生某事；will表示没有事先计划而临时出现的意图常伴有说话者的主观意识或表示将来必然发生的事；表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事情常用一般现在时表示将来；表示位置移动的动词如come，go，leave，start，arrive，fly等常用进行时表示将来，是指按计划或安排即将发生的动作；be about to do表示即将要做某事，一般不能与具体的时间状语连用；be to do表示计划、安排或用来征求意见。“what do you want to be？”asked mrs.crawford.“oh, i will be president，” said the boy, with a smile.(2013湖南，22) “你想要成为什么？”克拉夫特夫人问。“我想成为总统，”小男孩笑着说。im going to get married next month.下个月我要结婚了。(表示打算)ill be 20 next month.下个月我就20岁了。(表示将来必然发生的事，不是打算也不是临时决定)i was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要离开，这时电话响了。考点5一般过去时和现在完成时的区别真题解密the president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he .(2012江苏，34)ahas started bstartscstarted dwill start答案c解析句意为：这位总统希望他离任时人民的生活比他刚上任时更富裕。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选c项。变式训练when i first met bryan i didnt like him，but i my mind.(2013新课标全国，27)ahave changed bchangechad changed dwould change答案a解析考查现在完成时。句意为：当我初识bryan时我不是很喜欢他，但是现在我改变了看法。前半句叙述过去的事实，用一般过去时；后半句描述的是发生在说话之前的动作对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时的特点。知识生成一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，不表示对现在的影响；而现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。2一般过去时常与过去的时间点连用(表示过去某时发生的动作)；而现在完成时常与一段时间连用(表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态)。we saw a film last night.我们昨晚看了场电影。we have lived here for six years.我们住在这儿六年了。考点6被动语态的特殊情况真题解密mum，i was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until i on friday.(2012辽宁，35)aget paid bgot paidchave paid dhad been paid答案a解析i was wondering if.表示委婉客气。后面until引导的从句是时间状语从句，因此虽然表示的是将来时间，但要使用一般现在时。又因i与pay是被动关系，故选a项。“get过去分词”可以表示被动。变式训练shortly after we ，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.aseated bwere seatedcsat ourselves dwere seating答案b解析动词seat常构成be seated，形式是被动，实际为系表结构，表示状态。知识生成1被动语态有两种表现形式：be过去分词或get过去分词。get型被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身。finally he got elected.最后他被选上了。2介词on，in，under，above，beyond，past等加名词可以表示被动意义。under control被控制；under repair在维修；under discussion在讨论；on show展出；in print在印刷中3有些“be过去分词”如be seated，be lost，be devoted，be dressed等形为被动，实为系表结构，表示状态。he is devoted to studying the cure of cancer.他的一生都在研究癌症的治疗。1hurry up，kids！the school bus for us！(2013四川，3)awaits bwas waitingcwaited dis waiting答案d解析考查动词的时态。句意为：快点，孩子们，校车在等我们。由hurry up，kids！知该动作正在发生，故选d项。2they are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .(2012四川，11)ais being rebuilt bhas been rebuiltcis rebuilt dhas rebuilt答案a解析考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。3did you catch what i said?sorry.i a text message just now.(2012四川，9)ahad answeredbhave answeredcwould answerdwas answering答案d解析考查动词时态。句意为：你听懂我所说的了吗？对不起。我刚刚在回短信。根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时态。4all visitors to this village with kindness.(2011四川，9)atreat bare treatedcare treating dhad been treated答案b解析句意为：所有到达这个村庄的游客都受到了友好的招待。treat为一般现在时的主动语态；are treated为一般现在时的被动语态；are treating为现在进行时的主动语态；had been treated为过去完成时的被动语态。句子主语all visitors与谓语动词treat之间为被动关系。结合语境可确定用一般现在时的被动语态。5im calling about the apartment you the other day.could you tell me more about it？(2013安徽，24)aadvertised bhad advertisedcare advertising dwill advertise答案a解析考查时态。句意为：我现在打电话是咨询你前几天登广告的那所公寓的。你能告诉我有关它的更多的信息吗？根据the other day可知，该空应用一般过去时态。6could i use your car tomorrow morning?sure.i a report at home.(2013江苏，25)awill be writing bwill have writtenchave written dhave been writing答案a解析考查动词时态。句意为：我明天上午能使用你的车吗？当然可以。(那时)我将在家写报告呢。a项是将来进行时，与题意相符。7what about your selfdrive trip yesterday?tiring！the road is being widened，and we a rough ride.(2013江苏，34)ahad bhave cwould have dhave had答案a解析考查时态。句意为：昨天的自驾游如何？太累了。道路正在拓宽，驾车十分难行。由yesterday可知，应用一般过去时态。8on monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2013陕西，11)atakes bis takingctook dwill take答案a解析句意为：我通常在周一早上要开一个小时的车去上班，尽管实际上只有二十英里的路程。由usually可知应用一般现在时。9jim a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.(2013陕西，17)awatched bhad watchedcwas watching dwould be watching答案c解析句意为：吉姆在家看一部午夜电影，看到中间一幕惊险的场景时，屏幕上突然出现一片空白。该句考查be doing.when.结构，意为“正在做就在这时(突然)”。从后面的动作went blank可知“看电影”发生在过去；并且是当吉姆正在看的时候，所以该题要用过去进行时态，即was watching。10shakespeares play hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013北京，23)ahad been made bwas madechas been made dwould be made答案c解析考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：在过去的几年里，莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制作成至少10部不同的影片。“over the past时间段”通常与现在完成时连用，且句子主语与make之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。活页练(一).单项填空1we are confident that the environment by our further efforts to reduce pollution.(2013辽宁，30)ahad been improvedbwill be improvedcis improveddwas improved答案b解析考查时态。根据we are confident和by our further efforts可知，环境得到改善应该是将来的事情，故用一般将来时的被动语态。2the water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.(2013天津，13)ahad repaired bhave repairedcrepaired dare repairing答案d解析考查动词时态。句意为：水供应已暂时被切断，因为工人们正在维修其中一个主管道。根据has been cut off判断应该是现在的某种时态。再根据时间状语temporarily可以判断出repair是现在正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。3if nothing ，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.(2013湖南，26)adoes bhad been donecwill do dis done答案d解析考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：如果什么都不做的话，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。根据“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时。再根据语境可知此处表示被动。故选d项。 4oh no！were too late.the train .thats ok.well catch the next train to london.(2013山东，27)awas leaving bhad leftchas left dhas been leaving答案c解析考查动词时态。根据语境“要赶下一班火车”可知这一班火车已经开走了。故选择现在完成时。5the girl has a great interest in sport and badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.(2013福建，26)atook bis takingctakes dhas been taking答案d解析句意为：这个女孩对运动非常感兴趣，在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课。由句中的时间状语“over the last three years”可知动作在过去的三年中一直发生，并且有可能将来还持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。6whatever you have found，you should give it back to whomever it .ais belonged to bis belonging tocbelonged to dbelongs to答案d解析考查主动形式表示被动意义。belong to只能用于主动语态。7now the worlds attention the stock markets，as they have a great influence on the worlds economy.ais fixing on bhas fixed oncis being fixed on dhad been fixed on答案c解析考查动词的时态和语态。fix和attention之间是动宾关系，故排除a、b两项；再根据now可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。8i like these english songs and they many times on the radio.ataught bhave taughtcare taught dhave been taught答案d解析考查时态与语态。根据前一分句的时态以及后一分句中many times可知此处用现在完成时；又因为动词teach与主语they之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。9i would have helped you，but i the whole week.awas really occupiedbreally occupied chave really occupieddwill be really occupied答案a解析前句是对过去事情的假设，暗示后句动作也发生在过去。occupy意为“使忙于，占用(时间、空间、面积等)”，主语是人时多用被动语态。10tom is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.so you if you get the first in the exam.ado bare cwould dwill答案d解析句意为：汤姆如此高兴以致于见人就笑。如果你考试得了第一，你也会这样。条件状语从句(if.)若用一般现在时，则主句要用一般将来时；此句相当于：you will also be so joyful if you get the first in the exam.。.完形填空a little girl lived in a simple and poor house on a hill.usually she 1 play in the small garden.she could see over the garden fence and across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windows high on another hill. 2 she loved her parents and her family，she desired to live in such a house and 3 all day about how wonderful and exciting 4 must feel to live there.at the age when she gained some 5 skill and sensibility(识别力)，she 6 her mother for a bike ride 7 the garden.her mother finally allowed her to go， 8 her keeping close to the house and not 9 too far.the day was beautiful.the little girl knew 10 where she was heading！ 11 the hill and across the valley，she rode to the 12 of the golden house. 13 she got off her bike and put it against the gate post，she focused on the path 14 to the house and then on the house itself.she was very disappointed when she 15 that all the windows were 16 and rather dirty.so 17 and heartbroken，she didnt go any further.she 18 ，and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 19 .there on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.looking at her little home，she 20 that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care.everything she dreamed was right there in front of her nose！(2013辽宁)1a.might bshould cwould dmust答案c解析would表示过去常常做某事。句意为：通常她会在小院子里玩。2a.unless balthough csince dbut答案b解析句中前后为让步关系，所以用although。句意为：尽管她爱她的父母及家人，她渴望住在那样的一座房子里。3a.dreamed bworriedcasked dshouted答案a解析既然渴望住在那样的房子里，就整天梦想住在那里会是多么的奇妙和兴奋。4a.this bthat cit dwhich答案c解析it 作形式主语，指代不定式to live there。5a.different bscientificcmusical dbasic答案d解析basic skill意为“基本技能”。6a.begged bblamedcinvited dpaid答案a解析根据下文her mother finally allowed her to go可知此处填begged。7a.inside boutsidecthrough dalong答案b解析她乞求妈妈允许她到院子外骑车。8a.insisting on brelying on carguing about dwondering about答案a解析insist on ones doing意为“坚持要某人做某事”。9a.traveling brunning criding dwalking答案c解析妈妈坚持要她靠近家骑车，不要骑太远。10a.madly brapidly cexactly dpossibly答案c解析那女孩准确地知道她朝着哪里去。11a.over bdown caround dbeside答案b解析骑车越过峡谷当然是从山上往下骑。12a.windows bsteps ccenter dgate答案d解析她骑车到院子门口。gate大门。13a.until bas cwhile dbecause答案b解析as表示“当时候”。14a.getting bintroducingcleading dmoving答案c解析通向房子的小路。lead to意为“通向”。15a.felt blearnedcconcluded dfound答案d解析根据下文发现所有的窗子都很普通、很脏，她非常失望。16a.transparent bbrightcplain dwide答案c解析plain意为“极普通的”。17a.anxious bangrycserious dsad答案d解析失望之余不禁伤心。sad和heartbroken并列。18a.turned around bcheered upcsettled down ddropped in答案a解析感到伤心，不再往前走，于是她转身回走。19a.hill bvalleycbackground dsight答案d解析突然她看到惊人的景色。峡谷对面的小房子的窗子金光闪闪。20a.imagined bdecidedcrealized dguessed答案c解析看着自己的小房子，她意识到她一直住在充满爱和关心的金色的房子里。.阅读理解addis ababa，ethiopiaone of the worlds most famous fossils (化石)the 3.2 millionyearold lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in ethiopia in 1974will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the united states，officials said tuesday.even the ethiopian public has only seen lucy twice.the lucy on exhibition at the ethiopian national museum in the capital，addis ababa，is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.a team from the museum of national science in houston，texas，spent four years discussing with the ethiopians for the us.tour，which will start in houston next september.“ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today，is one of the best kept secrets in the world，”said joel bartsch，director of the houston museum.the sixyear tour will also go to washington，new york，denver and chicago.officials said six other us.cities may be on the tour.but they said plans had not yet been worked out.traveling with lucy will be 190 other fossils.lucy，her name taken from a beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery，is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3 foottall apeman(猿人)(2012大纲全国，d)1the author writes this text mainly to .aintroduce a few us.museumsbdescribe some research workcdiscuss the value of an apemandreport a coming event答案d解析主旨大意题。纵观整篇文章可知，这篇报道主要介绍了将在美国巡回展出世界上最著名的化石之一“lucy”。故为“报道一件即将到来的事件”。2what do the wo