现在完成时态讲解.pptVIP

现在完成时 presentperfecttense present now future past domyhomework 1 现在完成时的基本句式是 have has 过去分词 如 Ihaveseenthatfilm 我已经看过那部影片了 Wehavejustfinishedourhomework 我们刚刚做完家庭作业 Shehasgonehome 她回家去了 注意 1 该句式中的have或has是助动词 has用于第三人称单数 其它人称一律用have 2 该句式中have has 和过去分词之间可用just插入 3 把该句式译成汉语时 往往用 已经 刚刚 过 或 了 等 2 现在完成时一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前 如 Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet 你读过这本故事书吗 Hasheeatenthatappleyet 他吃那个苹果了吗 注意 1 现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet 2 一般疑问句译成汉语时 往往译成 过吗 还有 吗 等 3 其肯定回答用 Yes have has 否定回答用 No haven t hasn t 有时用 No notyet 或No never 3 现在完成时的否定句式是 have has not 过去分词 如 Wehaven tstudiedUnit2yet 我们还没学习第二单元 Thetrainhasn tstoppedyet 火车还没有停下来 注意 1 现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet 2 否定句常译为 还没有 等 动词的过去分词的规则变化 在动词后加ed 规则变化有以下四种 原形 ed如 worked passed 词尾是e时 直接加d如 likedlived 若词尾为 辅音字母加y 则改y为i加ed 词尾为 元音字母 y 时 直接加d 如 playedstayedstudiedcried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是 双写最后一个辅音字母加ed 如 stoppeddropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA put put putlet let letABA become became becomeABB stand stood stoodABC eat ate eaten cost cost costread read readput put putcut cut cutlet let letset set setbeat beat beathit hit hithurt hurt hurtspit spit spitrid rid rid一 原形 过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词 结尾字母一般是t或d 特殊 动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致 read read read 但发音分别是 ri d red red AAA 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的 run ran runcome came comebecome became becomeovercome overcame overcome ABA ABB 含规则动词 1 另有一些其它形式的变化 have has had hadleave left leftlose lost lostmake made madefeel felt feltspell spelt speltstand stood stood2 改变单词中间元音字母 sit sat sat babysit win won wonshine shone shonehold held heldfind found foundhear heard heardhang hung hanged hung hanged ABB 含规则动词 ABC ABC 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en 变成以en结尾的单词 take took takengive gave givenfall fell falleneat ate eatenwrite wrote writtenspeak spoke spokenfreeze froze frozenride rode riddenget got gotten got forget forgot forgotten forgot lie lay lied lain lied 特殊 am is was beenare were been do does did donego went gonesee saw seenshow showed shown showed 现在完成时的用法 1 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 如 It ssodark Someonehasturnedoffthelight 有人刚把灯关了 对现在造成的结果是 现在很黑 Areyoufree Ihavefinishedmyhomework Iamfree 我已经完成了家庭作业 对现在造成的结果是很有空 Practice 1 Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday Now Ihavealottoreadbecause 2 Isawthisfilmlastweek Now IknowthisfilmbecauseI myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme haveseenitbefore 常与现在完成时连用的副词 already just yet ever never等 already just多用于肯定句中 yet ever never多用于疑问句和否定句中 如 Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework 我已经做完家庭作业了 Hehasjusthadhismeal 他刚吃过饭 Theyhaven tstartedyet 他们还没有动身 Wehaveneverheardofit 我们从来没有听说过这件事 2 现在完成时态既涉及过去 又联系现在 它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在 和由 for 时间段 或 since 过去时间点 从句 引导的时间状语连用 例如 Wehavelivedhereforfiveyears 我们在这里住了五年了 Ihaveknownhimsincehewasaboy 我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了 Hehasbeenateachersince2000 他从2000年就开始当老师了 ShehaslearnthowtodanceShehaslearnthowtodance 2000 4 2000 9 Howlonghasshelearnthowtodance forfivemonths sinceApril 一 用for和since填空 threehours threeo clock twodays yesterdayafternoon Icamehere lastSunday aweek alongtime 1997 twoweeks threeyearsago lastmonth for since for since since since for for since for since since 1 They veknowneachothersince A 1995B threeyears2 I vebeeninterestedinChinesefor A lastyearB oneyear3 Shehasbeenadoctorfor A twoyearsB twoyearsago4 I vehadaheadachesince A IgotupthismorningB fivehours5 We vebeenherefor A onehourB oneo clock6 Myparentshaveownedthishousefor A alongtimeB manyyearsago A A B A B A 二 选择 3 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用 1 延续性动词 be have know live work study learn teach speak talk draw wait wear walk sleep等 这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 UncleWanghasworkedinthisfactoryfortenyears 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了 2 非延续性动词 come go arrive reach see hear close leave begin start lose buy fall join die等 这些动词可用于完成时态 说明某个动作的结果还存在 但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 正 Theplayhasbegun 戏开演了 戏正在演着 误 Theplayhasbegunforhalfanhour 正 Theplayhasbeenonforhalfanhour 戏开演半小时了 4 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下 come cometo goout leave begin start buy borrow join die puton catchacold gettoknow becomeateacher fallasleep gotosleep bebein atbeoutbeawaybeonhavekeepbeamemberof bea member bedeadwearhaveacoldknowbeateacherbeasleepsleep 例如 Theyhavebeenhereforfiveyears 他们来这里已经五年了 这里come这一非延续性动词改成了be 翻译练习 1 我买了这块手表五年了 2 这位老人已经死了十年了 3 他已经回来三天了 Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears since5yearsago Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears since10yearsago Hehascomebackfor3days Hehasbeenbackfor3days since3daysago 1 havebeento意思是 到过 去过 表示曾经到过某处 但现在人不在那儿 Eg HassheeverbeentoNanjing 2 havegoneto意思是 去了 表示已经去了某地 现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了 Eg ShehasgonetoNanjing 3 havebeenin意思是 呆在某处一段时间了 Eg YouhavebeeninBeijingfor2years havebeen与havegone的用法比较 用Havebeento havegoneto havebeenin填空 Mikeandhisparents thenorthforhalfayear Mumisnotathomenow she theshop youever tokunming Never Where you thesedays HasJimarrivedyet Yes he hereforseveraldays WhereisPeter Idon tknowwherehe HiJim Where you LiLeiislookingforyou havebeenin havegoneto Have been have gone havebeenin havebeento have been 1 A you clean theroom B Yes w