辽宁省鞍山市高考英语阅读理解练习（10）(1).doc

2014辽宁省鞍山市高考英语阅读理解练习（10）及答案【广东省广州市2014综合测试】the recent publication of autobiographies by two of britains great scientists, biologist richard dawkins and physicist stephen hawking, is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. they were born in the early 1940s to middle class families-not wealthy but comfortably off, with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service. both families were keen to send their boys to oxford university-and both succeeded, dawkins studying zoology and hawking physics.neither author has a very positive view of his early university life. hawking describes the attitude at oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work, “you were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail. hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for.” he estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student （本科生）.undergraduate life was somewhat more rewarding for dawkins. like hawking, he wasnt particularly hard-working and never attended his lectures. but he found oxfords system of weekly essay-based lessons with an academic tutor useful, “it was really only the tutorial system that educated me.”for both men, scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962. dawkins, who remained at oxford, describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students, which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book, the selfish gene. this volume transformed scientific thinking about darwinism evolution.hawking, on the other hand, moved to cambridge university after graduation, where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicists since albert einstein. he writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body, leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes. although communication is slow-he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine-his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space-time and origins of the universe.each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker. read together, they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar british research.41. which of the following describes a similarity in hawkings and dawkins backgrounds?a. they were both from wealthy families. b. they studied the same subject in university.c. they graduated from the same secondary school. d. they both came from families that valued good education.42. why did hawking study very little as an undergraduate student?a. he preferred doing his own research and experiments. b. students considered it inappropriate to study too much.c. the materials discussed in lectures were very easy for him. d. he was more interested in making friends with his classmates.43. according to dawkins, what helped him develop his most important ideas?a. his hard work as an undergraduate.b. the support he received from his family.c. the excellent tutors at oxford university.d. the competition from other postgraduate students.44. what can we reasonably infer about the two scientists from the passage?a. dawkins worked much harder than hawking as an undergraduate.b. hawking is more respected by the scientific community.c. they knew each other during their studies a t oxford.d. hawing has experienced more physical difficulties.45. what is the function of the last paragraph?a. to state which book the writer prefers.b. to recommend the reviewed books to readers.c. to summarize the achievements of the two scientists.d. to suggest the order in which the books should be read. 【参考答案】41-45 dbddbafor decades, morocco, the only north african nation without large quantities of oil, combed the surrounding desert in search of fossil fuels. but roughly a year and a half ago, the country turned to a resource that exists in abundance across the region: the sun.now europelong dependent on middle eastern oil and russian natural gashas begun to look toward the heat of the sahara for some of its long-term energy needs. by 2050, roughly 15 percent of european energy could be produced by wind and solar-thermal(太阳能热) power in north africa and parts of the middle east, according to dii, widely known as desertec, a group of mostly european companies such as siemens that are developing clean-energy technology in the region. although the effortexpected to cost 510 billionis still in the early stage of development, analysts say morocco has far more aggressive investment plans than its regional rivals(竞争对手) and is well positioned to become north africas leading provider of renewable energy, especially solar-thermal.in 2008, when global oil prices hit record highs, moroccowhich imports most of its powersaw energy costs nearly double, to roughly 9 billion annually. soon after, king mohamed vi issued a royal command making the development of alternative energy a top priority. he also put a legal framework in place to encourager european investment and has managed to limit instability in a region known for political confusion.another advantage for morocco: geography. the sun over the sahara is far stronger than it is in europe. but what distinguishes the country from its neighbors is that it is close to spain. the two countries are separated by less than 16 km at some points, and theyre connected by an energy transmission line. currently the line sends energy from spain to morocco, but it could work both ways, and analysts say the lines existence gives morocco an advantage over its neighbors for access to the european market.getting a position in that market may take some time, however, due to a shortage of funding. by 2020, morocco hopes to invest several billion dollars in solar-thermal power and use to technology to greatly increase its energy production. but unlike, say, wind power, which is economically competitive with fossil fuels, solar-thermal often is not, despite financial support from various international institutions. analysts say the costs of solar-thermal will come down, eventually.1. the main purpose of the passage is to tell readers _.a、morocco makes huge profits from its new energyb、europe and morocco has made a deal to cooperatec、europe is searching the sahara for new energyd、morocco is developing a new form of energy2. we can learn from paragraph 2 that _.a、now morocco is north africas leading provider of renewable energyb、morocco has a strong desire to produce more green energyc、siemens clean-energy technology is far from satisfactoryd、europe gets most of its energy from russia and america3.the author mentions the high oil prices in 2008 in paragraph 3 to imply that _.a、moroccos king is really ambitiousb、morocco is in need of international helpc、morocco has developed slowly in recent yearsd、morocco must now turn to new resources4、what is one of the problems that morocco is facing now?a、european countries wont invest.b、no country is willing to buy its energy.c、there isnt enough money to develop its energy.d、it has difficulty building an energy transmission line.【参考答案】14、dbdc阅读理解-bthe way westerners communicate tends to be relatively explicit and direct. in other words, westerners tend to put most of their ideas and feelings into words, and then state these ideas and feelings clearly and openly. it is generally considered a good thing to “get to the point” and “say what you mean,” and it is largely the speakers responsibility to ensure that his / her message is stated in a way that is clear and easy to understand.in contrast, chinese people tend to communicate in a way that is more indirect and subtle. they often view direct, explicit communication as unsophisticated(不成熟的) or even rude. they are more likely to preserve good feelings and relationships by not saying something that might upset or offend another person. if a westerner makes a request and a chinese person responds by saying something like “ill think it over”, the westerner may assume that there is a good chance that the answer will be “yes”. in fact, there is a better chance that the implied answer is “no”.one interesting example of the western preference for very direct communication can be seen in what western students are taught about how they should organize their writing. writers are generally expected to state their point as clearly as possible, generally right at the beginning. students are taught to begin paragraphs with a “topic sentence” that states the point of the paragraph. also, articles should generally begin with a brief statement of the points to be madeand also conclude with a review of those same points. in contrast, in chinese writing it is more acceptable to build up to the point rather than announcing it right from the start, although it is also acceptable to state the point up front.it is important to note that westerners are not all equally direct in their communication styles. for example, the direct communication style is more typical of western men than of western women. furthermore, even in western culture it is generally not considered good manners to communicate so directly that you hurt other peoples feelings, offend them, or create conflict.5、what is the subject of the passage?a、communication styles.b、features of western culture.c、communication skills.d、politeness in communication.6、when communicating with others, western people _.a、pay more attention to others feelingsb、prefer to express their ideas openlyc、often communicate in an indirect wayd、consider direct communication as rude7、according to the author, which of the following are more likely to communicate directly?a、western menb、western womenc、chinese mend、chinese women8、the passage is developed mainly by _.a、showing the effects and then explaining the causesb、providing figures to support its main pointc、describing the changes in space orderd、giving examples and making comparisons【参考答案】5、 a 68、bad【江西省上饶市2014高考英语二模试题】c people who do not get enough vitamin a in their diet may develop night blindnessbut in the developing world a lack of vitamin a causes much more serious harm to childrenthe world health organization links the lack of vitamin a to as many as 250000 child deaths every year one excellent source of vitamin a is found in sweet potatoes with orange fleshorange sweet potatoes contain high levels of beta-carotene（胡萝卜素） ,which our body can change into vitamin a experts say orange sweet potatoes specially bred （育种,培植） for growing conditions in africacould help solve the lack of vitamin a there but, first, more people will need to be persuaded to eat them jan low with the international potato center, a research organization says the sweet potato needs a better image in africa jan low says, we do have an image problem with sweet potato in general in sub-saharan africa it is seen as a crop of the poor ms low explains that sweet potatoes are mainly grown by poor women to feed their families in case another crop fails the sweet potatoes commonly grown if africa have white or yellow flesh but, more importantly, they are low in vitamin a jan low took part in a project to study how best to market orange sweet potatoes to africansshe worked on an information campaign in mozambique and ugandathe campaign included radio messages about the nutritional benefits of the orange sweet potatothey advertised its ability to” fight diseases, make you strong, clear your skin and make you look healthy in areas without radio, the campaigners spread the message through community theaterthe performances included singing, dancing and storytellingand everywhere they went, the campaigners wore orange t-shirts and hatsthey even drove orange vehiclesjan low says the color made it easier to gain public attention dan gustafson heads the washington office of the united nations food and agriculture organization he points to efforts in the past to increase the popularity of other nutritious crops he says most of these efforts failed because organizers of the campaigns did not consider what peop