高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略3 找准信息点 词义轻松猜课件 外研版.ppt

必修三 第一部分 专题突破解题策略 三 找准信息点 词义轻松猜 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的必考题型 它实际上是考查考生根据语境来推断画线单词 词组或句子的意思的能力 猜测类型可分为单词猜词 短语猜词和句意猜词这三种 近几年 词义猜测题越来越受到命题者的青睐 近年大部分地区的高考英语试卷都有词义猜测题 有的甚至涉及多道 词义猜测题要求考生在准确理解上下文的基础上答题 若平时就具有较大的阅读量 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇 那答题就会更加迅速和准确 1 利用上下文语境及生活常识猜测 2016 全国 高考c readingcanbeasocialactivity thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem now thewebsitebookcturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare bookcrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit 30 whatdoestheunderlinedword it inparagraph2referto a thebook b anadventure c apublicplace d theidentificationnumber 解析 a根据第二段中的 hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure travelingfarandwide 可知 此处的 it 指的是 thebook 故选a项 2015 四川高考d hetoldpeopleataconference therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput theremightbesomecostsofenergy anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal 44 whatdoestheunderlinedword nocturnal inparagraph5mean a activeatnight b inactiveatnight c activeduringtheday d inactiveduringtheday 解析 a本文主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果 由于人类制造的光线问题 越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌 这极大地影响了鸟的健康 根据上文的anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeing 可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样 也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌 故选择a 指晚上很兴奋 2 利用构词法猜测利用上下文中出现的与该词相关的同义词 近义词 甚至反义词 以及前缀 后缀 词根等来推测词义 2014 陕西高考b myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore butitsoundedlikeo henry andheknewthato henryhadoncelivedinhouston soitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedinthegalvestonboardinghouse andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident myfathervisitedano henryexpertatcolumbiauniversityinnewyork whoauthenticatedthestoryaso henry s 51 theunderlinedword authenticated inparagraph2probablymeans a namedb treatedc provedd described解析 cauthentic的意思是 真正的 真实的 根据构词法可以推知该词为authentic的动词形式 意为 证明 是真实的 故答案选c项 3 利用定义 解释 举例进行猜测此类题目会出现类似于 forexample suchas mean referto thatistosay inotherwords等词汇或出现破折号 冒号等 2016 全国 高考c iampeterhodes avolunteerstemcellcourier sincemarch2012 i vedone89trips ofthose 51havebeenabroad ihave42hourstocarrystemcells 干细胞 inmylittleboxbecausei vegottwoicepacksandthat showlongtheylast inall fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor 捐献者 tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient we vegot72hoursatmost soiamalwaysconsciousoftime 29 whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword courier inparagraph1 a providerb deliverymanc collectord medicaldoctor解析 b根据第一段中的 sincemarch2012 i vedone89trips ofthose 51havebeenabroad ihave42hourstocarrystemcells 干细胞 inmylittlebox 可知 作者是干细胞传递员 故选b 4 根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系进行猜测在一个句子或段落中 有时会存在两个句子之间的转折 递进 因果 并列 对比等关系的词汇 however but so thus insteadof incontrast what smore等过渡性词汇 2016 北京高考d forpreviousgenerations collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin inthepasttwodecades however continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily thankstocellphones emailandsocialmedia haveincreasedsignificantly someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome 68 theunderlinedword passage inparagraph2means a changeb choicec textd extension解析 a从第二段画线词所在的语境看 此处指从家庭的庇护到有自主性和成年人的责任之间的转变 因此该词的含义是a 转变 2016 天津高考c thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed theresearchersalsofoundthatiqandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout 49 whatdoestheunderlinedword sharp probablymeaninparagraph4 a quicktoreact b havingathinedge c clearanddefinite d suddenandrapid 解析 c根据画线词后面的 thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivities lesslikelytohavebeenunemploye