优化方案（浙江、江苏）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型突破 专题二 阅读理解 第二讲 推理判断题强化训练.doc

第二讲 推理判断题a(2015重庆一中一诊)based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.if the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.according to science daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world.it is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.the planet itself has been showing signs of change.in 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in china because of another severe earthquake.egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.at this point，it doesnt matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.whats more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.there is war and threat of war everywhere.natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.however，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.no one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。1what is the major function of paragraph 1?ato arouse the readers concern.bto introduce the theme of the whole passage.cto summarize the whole passage.dto state how climate changes.解析：选b。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选b项。2what is the authors purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ato show major changes are taking place on the planet.bto remind people to prevent future earthquakes.cto show the damage earthquakes caused.dto tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.解析：选a。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“the planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选a项。3which of the following is not true of climate changes effects?aanimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.bit could lead to the spread of diseases.ccurrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.dnatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.解析：选c。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，c项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故c项错误；根据第二段第一句“climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，b项正确；根据第二段最后一句“if the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，a项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，d项正确。故选c项。4what can be inferred from the passage?aanimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly.btheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.cthe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.dthe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.解析：选d。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“however，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选d项。b(2015扬州、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)consumers everywhere are faced with the same dilemma：given limited resources，what sorts of purchases are most likely to produce lasting happiness and satisfaction? recent research has confirmed that experiential purchases tend to produce greater hedonic (享乐的)gains than material purchases.the reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think about experiences in a more abstract manner than possessions.for example，if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth，you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberance(生气勃勃)，but youre less likely to remember exactly what you did daybyday.material possessions are harder to think about in an abstract sense.the car you bought is still a car，that great new jacket you picked up cheap is still just a jacket.its more likely the experience of that summer has taken on a symbolic meaning that can live longer in your memory than a possession.purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions，resulting in comfort but not pleasure.in general，people adapt to experiences more slowly than to material purchase.this can be seen in both negative and positive purchases：hedonic adaptation would result in a positive experience causing more happiness but a negative experience causing less happiness than the comparable material purchase with the same initial happiness level.experience，however，seems to be more resistant to these sorts of unfavourable comparisons.it is because of the unique nature of experience.its more difficult to make an unfavourable comparison when there is nothing directly comparable.after all，each of our youthful summers is different.its well established that social comparisons can have a huge effect on how we view what might seem like positive events.one striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50，000 a year while everyone else earns $25，000，instead of earning $100，000 themselves and having other people earn $200，000.a similar effect is seen for possessions.when there are so many flatscreen hd tvs to choose from，its easy to make unfavourable comparisons between our choice and the others available.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。该文章主要介绍了现在流行的实验购物的优点和可行性。5an abstract sense in the passage refers to awareness of something _ayou cannot think aboutbyou cant remember wellcyou cannot understanddyou cannot see or touch解析：选d。推理判断题。根据文章第二段的if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth，you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberance(生气勃勃)，but youre less likely to remember exactly what you did daybyday.可知抽象感是看不见、摸不着的。故选d。6if you make an experiential purchase before a material purchase，you may go to_aa theatre before going to a storeban exhibition before going to a parkca mall before going to a grocersda market before going to a restaurant解析：选a。推理判断题。根据文章第四段的in general，people adapt to experiences more slowly than to material purchase.可知你应该购物前去体验店体验一下。故选a。7the example of earnings is given to actually indicate_ahow ridiculous people arebhow people feel contentchow nearsighted people aredhow people hold prejudice解析：选b。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的关键词prefer，说明人们挣多少钱表示人们获得多大的满足感。故选b。8it is implied in the passage that，after their material purchases，people might_aenjoy their ownership of what they have boughtbpick every fault in the products they have gotcregret making a wrong decision to buy the itemsdleave what theyve purchased untouched at home解析：选c。细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第一句话purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions，resulting in comfort but not pleasure.可知购买实物后人们总是后悔自己的决定。故选c。c(2015扬州、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)dear textual healing，i would be very interested in your recommendations for any books to help me through a difficult time of my life.at 57，i am feeling a bit lost.i have a wonderful，loving husband and bright，caring teenage daughter but i am lonely and have lost my spark for life.i have always taken care of everyone and managed a career，but，after the death of my father this summer，my difficulties as a child in a terribly abnormal family have come back to me regularly.i have become unfocused and often alone while my husband is away frequently on business and my daughter busy with school and friends.i am seeking the help of a therapist and taking care of myself but i would love to read something to help me “get my groove (理想状况)back” and reengage with life.pcdear pc，from the letter youve given us about your life，its no wonder youre feeling a little lost.but before prescribing titles to help you get your groove back，id recommend taking a journey into rebecca solnits nonfiction book，a field guide to getting lost，which is packed with the wisdom of everyone from pat barker to thoreau and keats.the word lost is rooted in the old norse “los”，meaning the disbanding of an army.“this origin suggests soldiers falling out of formation to go home，ceasing fighting with the wide world.i worry now that many people never disband their armies，never go beyond what they know，” solnit writes.so instead of fearing that lost feeling，try seeing its potential for discovery.explorers，remember，are always lost simply because theyre forever someplace new.“leave the door open for the unknown，the door into the dark，” solnit advises.“thats where the most important things come from，where you yourself came from，and where you will go.” for something that asks a little less of the reader while still giving plenty in return，try a dose(一剂) of anne tyler，the beloved creator of numerous heroes whose serious conditions will move anyone who finds themselves in a midlife difficult situation.one such character is 53yearold rebecca davitch，the heroine of back when we were grownups.like you，shes combined marriage and motherhood with a career but suddenly finds herself feeling lonely in her own home.could it be，she wonders，that shes “turned into the wrong person”？dont be fooled by the way this novel ambles alongas rebecca revisits youthful ambitions and the college boyfriend she abandoned，it asks some heartrending questions before arriving at a place of graceful，joyous acceptance.along similar lines，im also going to recommend the unlikely pilgrimage of harold fry by rachel joyce.its hero is 65 when he learns that a former colleague sick.on his way to post her a note，he decides instead to visit her on foot，from his home in deepest devon to englands northernmost town，more than 600 miles away.you dont manage that without focus！its a journey to a holy place that will take him 87 days to complete，during which he considers his childhood，marriage and relationship with his son，and becomes an accidental media sensation (轰动)by the time he reaches his destination，youll feel anything but tired.finally，ruth ozekis novel a tale for the time being will charm the missing spark back into your life.combining the diary of a sad tokyo teenager with the story of the middleaged novelist who finds it，washed ashore on a remote island off the coast of british columbia，its a beautiful illustration of how our lives touchand are touched byothers in ways we mightnt even be aware of.this man booker prize finalist has plenty to teach about zen buddhism，and unless you happen to live in one of its settings，it provides a bracing change of scene，too.one other suggestion：books，as we all know，make great companions but that doesnt mean they cant be enjoyed in the company of others.if you find yourself home alone，why not slip one into your back pack and head out to a favourite caf.【解题导语】本文是一篇书信文阅读。该文章以pc向心理医生的求助来引出主题，以书信的方式推荐几本能够帮助人们摆脱孤独的书籍。9what has mainly led to pcs negative attitude to life?athe lack of helpful books.bthe blow of her fathers death.cthe contrast between her devotion to others and her being ignored.dthe contrast between her easy life and her family members busy life.解析：选c。推理判断题。根据文章pc部分的i have always taken care of everyone and managed a career，but，after the death of my father this summer，my difficulties as a child in a terribly abnormal family have come back to me regularly.i have become unfocused and often alone while my husband