高考英语二轮复习 必备考点3 阅读理解(1).doc

考点3 阅读理解一、科普知识类passage 1 (2012安徽d)in asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents(对手) kites or cut their strings(线).for more than 15 years, the big wind kite factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island in hawaii. in its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. jonathan socher and his wife daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon(尼龙).their designs are hawaiian themes created by daphne. the designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.the kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. the difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. big wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. then the controls are given to the students.jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. go on, give it a try!【文章大意】本文是关于在the big wind kite factory里,通过学习风筝设计、风筝制作、风筝放飞等,孩子们得到的乐趣。68. which of the following is true according to the text?a.a hot knife is used to iron the nylon.b.children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.c.kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.d.daphne designs kites for the big wind kite factory.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第二段the designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.可知,hot knife的作用是seals the edges,因此a项错误;根据第二段children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite.可知,b项错误;根据第一段kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents kites or cut their strings.可知,比赛者为击败对手,用自己的风筝攻击和击落对手的风筝或者剪断他们的风筝线,因此c项是错误的;根据第二段their designs are hawaiian themes created by daphne.和the big wind kite factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children.可知,在the big wind kite factory里,孩子们上课用的风筝都是daphne亲自设计的,因此d项正确。69. what is different about the kite used for flying lessons?a. it has two strings.b.it is simple in design.c.it has a rainbow pattern.d.it is shaped like a diamond.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第三段the kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. the difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.可知,上课时使用的风筝是a two-string controllable kite,而在课堂上制作的风筝却不是这样的,因此选择a项。70. according to jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?a. a large kite.b. any type of kite.c. a complex structure.d. a kite that impresses others.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,在jonathan看来,制作或放飞风筝的乐趣不在于特别大的、给人以深刻印象的、结构复杂的风筝,结构简单的就足以带来乐趣,因此选择b项。71. what is mainly described in the text?a. a kite factory.b. kite-flying lessons.c. special competitions.d. the kite-making process.【解析】选a。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕着jonathan socher和daphne夫妇开办的the big wind kite factory展开,记叙了风筝比赛、风筝制作和孩子们学习放飞风筝的各种事情,因此a项能概括全文。【长难句分析】in asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them.分析：本句是一个复合句:主句是there are special competitions, where引导的定语从句修饰competitions;在where引导的定语从句中又包含一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词instruments,而as the wind blows through them是时间状语从句。译文：在亚洲有一些特别的比赛,在这些比赛中,风筝设计复杂,它们和当风吹过风筝能发出音乐声的仪器连在一起。passage 2 (2012福建d)do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. this explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. but the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. a group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:” the hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. however, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动). indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. and the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.【文章大意】医学证明每个人的大脑中都有一种镜子神经元。这种神经元让我们不由自主地模仿别人的动作。如果这种神经元遭到破坏,就会带来行为上的一些问题。67.mirror neurons can explain.a.why we cry when we are hurtb.why we cough when we suffer from a coldc.why we smile when we see someone else smiled.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知,这种镜子神经元可以解释为什么我们会不由自主地模仿别人的动作。68.the underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means“”.a.set off b.cut off c.built upd.broken up【解析】选a。猜测词义题。根据第三段可知,镜子神经元和语言有密切关系。当被测试者听到某种指令的时候,他大脑中的镜子神经元就被启动,好像真的感觉到这个动作的发生。set off 引发。69.we can learn from the passage that mirror neurons.a.relate to human behavior and interactionb.control human physical actions and feelingsc.result in bad behavior and social disordersd.determine our knowledge and language abilities【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,镜子神经元和人的行为密切相关。如果这种神经元遭到破坏,就会带来一些行为上的问题。70. what is the passage mainly about?a. ways to find mirror neurons.b. problems of mirror neurons.c. existence of mirror neurons.d. functions of mirror neurons.【解析】选d。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了镜子神经元的功能以及此神经元如果遭到破坏会带来的问题。【长难句分析】put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action.分析：suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句,在从句中,every time引导时间状语从句,whether引导条件状语从句。译文：简单来说,镜子神经元的存在表明,每次我们看到别人做什么我们的大脑就会模仿,无论我们是否真的在做同样的动作。passage 3 (2012广东b)i have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. as a doctor, mother and scientist in child development i believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view.mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. all we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. in this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. the baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.it is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. the first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was dr frederic truby king who was against feeding in the night. ive never heard anything so ridiculous.baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.what is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.well,at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.the research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14,than babies fed according to the clock.by the age of 8,their iq(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.this research comes from oxford and essex university using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education,family income,a childs sex and age,the mothers health and feeding style.these results dont surprise me.feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.i hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.【文章大意】本文主要讨论了喂养孩子是严格按照时间表还是依据孩子的需求。根据一项研究结果,作者认为喂养孩子应按照孩子的需求。31.according to paragraph 2,one reason why a baby cries is that it feels.a.sick b.upset c.sleepy d.hungry【解析】选d。细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“the baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可知d项正确。32. what does the author think about dr king?a.he is strict.b.he is unkind.c.he has the wrong idea.d.he sets a timetable for mothers.【解析】选c。推理判断题。由第三段中“ive never heard anything so ridiculous.”一句可知,作者认为dr frederic truby king的观点是荒谬的(ridiculous)。33.the word copper -bottomed in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.a.basicb.reliablec.surprisingd.interesting【解析】选b。词义猜测题。由本段中this research comes from oxford and essex university一句可知,copper-bottomed意为“可靠的”。34. what does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?a.the baby will sleep well.b.the baby will have its brain harmed.c.the baby will have a low blood sugar level.d.the baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.【解析】选d。细节理解题。由第四段第三句“by the age of 8, their iq scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.”可知d项正确。35.the author supports feeding the baby.a.in the nightb.every four hoursc.whenever it wants foodd.according to its blood sugar level【解析】选c。观点态度题。文章最后一段“i hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices”中作者表明了自己的观点。【长难句分析】the research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock.分析：本句是一个复合句。that在句中引导宾语从句,从句中who引导定语从句修饰先行词babies。fed according to the clock为过去分词短语作定语,修饰babies。译文：研究发现,按需求喂养的孩子在5, 7 , 11 和 14岁时比严格按照时间表喂养的孩子在学校表现得要好一些。passage 4 (2012湖南c)harvard researchers have created a tough,low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells.the materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.the material,made from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk,is called “shrilk”.it is thin, clear, flexible and strong.a major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s.decades later,however,plastics very durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags,or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.what is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill,but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料),and so will enrich the soil.shrilk has great potential,the inventors said.materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature,found in everything ranging from shrimp shells,insect bodies to living plants.that makes shrilk low cost,and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.the inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.theyre also developing simpler production processes,which could be used for non-medical products,like for computer cases and other products inside the home.theyre even exploring combining it with other materials,like carbon fibers,to give it new properties.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种新型材料shrilk。由于其低成本、环保等诸多优点,有望成为塑料的替代品。66.paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilks .a.remarkable design b.interesting namec.major features d.basic elements【解析】 选 c。细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句harvard researchers have created a tough,low-cost,biodegradable material.和最后一句it is thin,clear,flexible and strong.可知第一段主要介绍了这种新材料的特征。67. what has become a concern about plastic?a. using it properly.b. producing it cheaply.c. developing its properties quickly.d. evaluating its contributions fairly.【解析】选 a。细节理解题。由第二段中.plastics very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for.一句可知人们关切的是如何正确使用塑料。68.according to the inventors,shrilk has great potential partly because .a.it can help plastic degradeb.it can be found in living thingsc.its mass production has been realizedd.its raw materials are abundant in nature【解析】选 d。细节理解题。由文章第四段第一、二句shrilk has great potential,the inventors said.materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature.可知shrilk这种新材料有很大的发展潜力,因为制作这种材料的原料在自然界中很充足。69. what are the inventors doing in the lab?a. replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.b. testing shrilks use in wet conditions.c. making shrilk out of used household goods.d. improving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.【解析】选 b。细节理解题。由文章最后一段前两句work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.the inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet,so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.可知b项正确。70. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?a.recent progress in environmental protectionb.benefits of insects in scientific researchc.the harm of one-time productsd.a possible alternative to plastic【解析】选 d。主旨大意题。通览全文可知,本文主要介绍了一种新型材料shrilk。由于其低成本、环保等诸多优点,有望成为塑料的替代品。d项“塑料的潜在替代品”符合文章大意。【长难句分析】decades later, however, plastics very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags,or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.分析：本句是一个复合句。句子的主干是plastics very durability is raising questions。how在句中引导一个名词性从句作about的宾语。decades later在句中作时间状语。句中where引导定语从句修饰先行词landfill。译文：然而,数十年后,塑料的耐用性引起了人们对如何正确使用塑料的关切,比如一些一次性产品如塑料袋或供短暂使用的消费品在家里用几年后就被扔进垃圾填埋场,在那里它们将花费好几个世纪才能降解。passage 5 (2012辽宁b)astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days.tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work.this type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the international space station (iss).iss crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year.they work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on earth as much as possible.weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.they can communicate with family and friends by email,internet phone and through private video conferences.while astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit,there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.before a mission,the family and friends of each iss crewmember put together a collection of family photos,messages,videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the earth.during their mission,the crew also receives care packages with cds,books,magazines,photos and letters.and as from early 2010,the internet became available on the iss,giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time.besides relaxing with these more common entertainments,astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the earth.both the shuttle and the iss circle the planet several times each day,and every moment offers a new view of the earths vast land mass and oceans.【文章大意】本文介绍了宇航员在太空中工作之余的生活。60. what does the word“mimic”in paragraph 1 probably mean?a. find.b. copy. c. change. d. lose.【解析】选b。词义猜测题。根据上文提到的工作五天休息两天以及下文提到的the normal way they do things on earth可知宇航员尽量模仿在地面的生活。copy模仿。61. which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the iss?a.they are caring and thoughtful.b.they are worried and upset.c.they are impatient and annoyed.d.they are excited and curious.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第二段中的before a mission,.above the earth.我们可以看出宇航员的家属和朋友们很细心而且考虑周到。62.in the final paragraph,the author shows that astronauts.a.get more pleasure in space than on the earthb.find living in space a bit boring and tiringc.regard space life as commond.love to see the earth from space【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知答案。63.the passage mainly discusses how astronauts.a.work for longer missions in spaceb.connect with people on the earthc.observe the earth from spaced.spend their free time in space【解析】选d。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍的是宇航员在太空怎样度过他们的闲暇时光。【长难句分析】while astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.分析：本句是一个复合句,while引导的是让步状语从句,而且主句中包含一个that引导的定语从句。译文：尽管宇航员在轨道中不能打棒球和看电影,但他们仍然有许多他们可以享受的熟悉的活动。passage 6（2011全国卷i a）honey(蜂蜜)from the african forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,