高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 文学艺术类提分训练（真题集锦含解析）新人教版(1).doc

文学艺术类(2013江苏卷d)mark twain has been called the inventor of the american novel.and he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.i say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war.h.b.stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example.these early stories dealt directly with slavery.with minor exceptions, twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.again and again,in the postwar years,twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.consider the most controversial,at least today,of twains novels,adventures of huckleberry finn.only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as huckleberry finn,twains most widely read tale.once upon a time,people hated the book because it struck them as rude.twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel“trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).”more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim,the escaped slave,and many occurrences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim,for which the novel is often severely criticized,never appears in it.)but the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.the novel is strongly anti-slavery.jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.as j.chadwick has pointed out,the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities,“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual:jim,the father and the man.”there is much more.twains mystery novel puddn-head wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.written at a time when the accepted wisdom held negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites,especially in intelligence,twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.a slave gave birth to her masters baby and,for fear that the child should be sold south,switched him for the masters baby by his wife.the slaves light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class.the masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.the point was difficult to miss:nurture(养育),not nature,was the key to social status.the features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech,for examplewere,to twain,indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.twains racial tone was not perfect.one is left uneasy,for example,by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.was twain a racist?asking the question in the 21stcentury is as wise as asking the same of lincoln.if we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present,we will find nothing but error.lincoln,who believed the black man the inferior of the white,fought and won a war to free him.and twain,raised in a slave state,briefly a soldier,and inventor of jim,may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.【文章大意】文学艺术类文章。马克吐温是美国小说的创始人,在他的作品中智慧地体现出反对种族歧视的观点。65. how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?a. twain was more willing to deal with racism.b. twains attack on racism was much less open.c. twains themes seemed to agree with plots.d. twain was openly concerned with racism.【解析】选b。细节理解题。文章第二段提到斯托夫人的小说直接指向奴隶制,而马克吐温的小说则比较聪明地将这种观点编织到故事之中,因此可知马克吐温关于奴隶制的抨击较为含蓄。66. recent criticism ofadventures of huckleberry finnarose partly from its.a. target readers at the bottomb. anti-slavery attitudec. rather impolite languaged. frequent use of“nigger”【解析】选d。细节理解题。从第三段倒数第二句more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim,.and many occurrences of the word nigger.可知这本书现在之所以受到抨击一是书中人物jim,二是nigger单词频繁使用。67. what best proves twains anti-slavery stand according to the author?a. jims search for his family was described in detail.b. the slaves voice was first heard in american novels.c. jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.d. twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第六段可知,马克吐温反对奴隶制,他认为养育环境(nurture)而不是本性(nature)决定社会地位,因此jim的故事一个黑人孩子在白人家庭成长的故事很好地揭示出他的立场,因此答案为c。68.the story of two babies switched mainly indicates that.a. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersb. slavesbabies could pick up slave-holdersway of speakingc. blackssocial position was shaped by how they were brought upd. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第六段内容可知,jim原本是个黑人的孩子,后被调换到白人家庭成长的故事标志养育环境(nurture)而不是本性(nature)决定社会地位。因此可以推断:jim的故事表明黑人的社会地位是由生长环境造成的。69.what does the underlined word“they”in paragraph 7 refer to?a.the attacks.b. slavery and prejudice.c. white men.d.the shows.【解析】选d。词义猜测题。此处they指代前句中的复数名词“shows”。70. what does the author mainly argue for?a. twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.b. twain was an admirable figure comparable to abraham lincoln.c. twains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.d. twains works should be read from a historical point of view.【解析】选a。观点态度题。从整篇文章可知,作者认为马克吐温在反对种族歧视方面做出了卓越贡献。(2013陕西卷a)ajoshua, helmut, and bethlehemmichelle o.donovanisbn 9781462058679life is not easy for nine-year-old joshua during world war.because of his familys jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps(集中营).scared and alone, joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.encourage me!inspirational poetrygloria coykendallisbn 9781412027854it is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁).cure to strengthen identity and purpose.seeking the edgedr.joseph l.roseisbn 9781462031795seeking the edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in ones lifedriving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies.more things in heavenbill bosworthisbn 9780595433582in his more things in heaven, bill bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to india and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders.more things in heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences.creation or evolutionmichael ebifeghaisbn 9781450289023were humans created, or did they evolve? how old is the earth? the debate between science and religion continues to be heated.in creation or evolution, michael ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的)science.【文章大意】本篇文章对5本书进行了简单的介绍,比如作者、图书编号、主要内容等。46.who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?a.bill bosworth.b.michelle o.donovan.c.dr.joseph l.rose.d.gloria coykendall.【解析】选b。细节理解题。第一本书描述了一个小男孩和一只小老鼠的故事,故选b。47.the isbn for the book of poems is.a.9781462031795b.9781412027854c.9780595433582d.9781462058679【解析】选b。细节理解题。第二本书的介绍中提到“它是一本诗集”,因此它的图书编号就是b项。48. what kind of readers will probably like reading more things in heaven?a. those who are searching for the meaning of life.b. those who are trying to be spiritual leaders.c. those who study the art of writing.d. those who like traveling abroad.【解析】选a。推理判断题。第四本书的介绍中提到“这本书对于那些坚持找到自身经历存在的最深刻意义的读者有吸引力”,故选a。49. which of the following books explores the origin of humans?a. seeking the edge.b. creation or evolution.c. joshua, helmut, and bethlehem.d. more things in heaven.【解析】选b。推理判断题。第五本书的介绍中提到了这样几个问题“人类是被创造出来的还是进化而来的?”“地球存在多少年了?”,通过这些问题我们可知答案为b。(2013湖北卷b)mothers and daughters go through so muchyet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? perri klass and her mother, sheila solomon klass, both gifted professional writers, prove to be ideal co-writers as they examine their decades of motherhood, daughterhood, and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重叠).perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mothers: both have full-time careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children; they both love to read. they also love to travelin fact, they often take trips together. but in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.a child of the depression(大萧条), sheila was raised in brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls. starting with her college education, she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished. perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the new jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s. for sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.each writing in her own unmistakable voice, perri and sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together. sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to perri in a tiny town in trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households,even though she knows it drives her mother crazy. together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working, admit long-hidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together, perri and sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other. a written account in two voices, every mother is a daughter is a duet(二重奏)that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.【文章大意】sheila和perri母女俩合作写了一本书every mother is a daughter,在书中二人以各自的风格真实、幽默、满怀热情地描述了母女之间的快乐、痛苦以及彼此之间的爱。这样一本书使所有的母亲和女儿对共有的经历产生了深深的、强有力的共鸣。55.why does perri think that her own life has mirrored her mothers?a.they both have gone through difficult times.b.they have strong emotional ties with each other.c.they have the same joys and pains, and love and bitterness.d.they both have experiences as daughter, mother and writer.【解析】选d。推理判断题。从第二段不难看出perri和她的妈妈有很多相似之处:both have full-time careers;both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children; they both love to read. they also love to travel可推知正是由于这么多的共同点,所以perri才会认为她的生活是反映她妈妈的生活的一面镜子。56.the word“luxury”in paragraph 3 means.a.something rare but not pleasantb.something that cannot be imaginedc.something expensive but not necessaryd.something that can only be enjoyed by boys【解析】选c。词义猜测题。生活在经济的大萧条时期,家庭条件不会太好,所以sheila的父母认为女孩子受教育是非常奢侈的,少有的,不应该做的事情。故选c项。57. what is paragraph 4 mainly about?a. the content of the book.b. the purpose of the book.c. the influence of the book.d. the writing style of the book.【解析】选a。段落大意题。本段主要讲述了书中母女俩各写了什么样的内容,故选a项。58.how are womens lives explored in this book?a. in a musical form.b. through field research.c. with unique writing skills.d. from different points of view.【解析】选d。细节理解题。结合第四段中的第一句中的each writing in her own unmistakable voice和最后一段中的in two voices,就可推知母女俩在书中以各自不同的角度来演绎同一个主题,故选d项。(2013福建卷d)pride and prejudice for the modern womanlet us imagine howpride and prejudice, jane austens most famous work, might be updated, 200 years on.austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence. but today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. heres my own suggestion.it is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.“my dear husband,”said his hopeful wife one day,“have you heard that the local store,standing empty for so long,is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?”her dull and indifferent(漠不关心的)husband replied that he had not.“but it is,it is,”she replied excitedly.mr dull-husband made no reply.“dont you want to know her plans?”she cried with some impatience.“well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head.so id better listen.”“well, my dear, the rumour(传言)is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern england, though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me. she will move in herself next month.”“what is her name?”“bingley.”“is she married or single?”“what a question! and none of your business. but her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.”“how so? how can it possibly affect them?”“my dear love: those lazy boys need something to wake them up. there are bound to be jobs going.”“is that her point in settling here? surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.”“nonsense, my love, how little youve noticed the world has changed. shes got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification, im told.she surely needs one of our boys! perhaps you might give her a call.”“me? no. perhaps you can take an interest.you still have your looks,after all.she may even offer you a job.”“oh, thats not likely. these new chances belong to the younger generation. but now you mention it, i think ill go along all the same.”and mrs bennet went along. that was 10 years ago. she is now managing director of a ftse-listed company.it would remain the case, of course, that mrs bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more“female”dimension and her lifespan(年限)among the citys business leaders shorter than theirs. still, shed no doubt have enjoyed davosand might even have hobnobbed(攀谈)with influential figures.【文章大意】文章对傲慢与偏见这本书进行评论并延伸到现在,当今世界仍然存在性别歧视。67. which of the following is true according to the passage?a. austen was born 200 years ago.b. austen rewrote pride and prejudice.c. austens success lies in her wisdom.d. austens updated work gains popularity.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段“austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence.”可知答案选c。根据“might be updated”可知,只是想象,奥斯汀没有重写,其作品也没有更新,排除b、d项;“200 years on”说的是作品,不是作者,故排除a。68.the underlined part in the passage suggests that mrs bennet.a.had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about bingleyb.felt kind of worried and doubtful about bingleyc.was extremely anxious to meet bingleyd.had a great curiosity about bingley【解析】选a。句意猜测题。根据画线前一句“the rumour is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern england.”可知,mrs bennet对bingley是感到羡慕和惊讶的,故答案选a。69.in the eyes of mrs bennet, bingley surely needed one of their boys to.a.get married tob.work for herc.help her move ind.take over her store【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据“there are bound to be jobs going.”以及“.she may even offer you a job.”可知,mrs bennet谈论的是工作,故答案选b。70. what does the writer intend to tell us?a. women with brains can also be as successful as men.b. women have to pay a high price for success.c. a judgment must be made free from prejudice.d. sex discrimination still exists nowadays.【解析】选d。目的意图题。通过最后一段可知,作者认为这种偏见会仍然存在,因此性别歧视会依然存在,故答案选d。(2013安徽卷a)the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits.here are some findings and expert advice.1.how many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?finding:a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.step:remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush.brush gently for 2 minutes,at least twice a day.2.how many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?finding:seniors,on average,bathe fewer than 3 days a week.and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.step:we touch our faces around 3,000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth,nose,and eyes.use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.and,most important,wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3.how often do you think about fighting germs?finding:seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.step:be aware of germs.do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else?to kill these germs,keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了健康习惯调查的一些关于刷牙、洗手和与细菌作斗争的发现及专家的建议。56.what is found out about american seniors?a.most of them have good habits.b.nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.c.all of them are fighting germs better than expected.d.about one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第一个问题的发现a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.可知d项表述是正确的。本文第一段说健康习惯调查表明仅仅大约三分之一的美国年长者有正确的习惯,故a项表述有误;根据第三个问题的发现可知c项表述有误。57.doctors suggest that people should wash their hands.a.twice a dayb.three times a dayc.four times a dayd.eight times a day【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第二个问题的发现and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.可知本题