高考英语完形填空抓分练习精品题（51）.doc

2014高考英语完形填空抓分练习精品题（51）及答案 ( 一 ) 夹叙夹议型完形填空：夹叙夹议型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。研读夹叙夹议型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1. 首句完整，线索清楚。 一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展以及最后得出结果。2. 叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。( 二 ) 说明型完形填空说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名、动、形、副等词类占全部小题数的 90% ，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。这一命题思路体现了 “ 语篇意识 ” 。说明型完形填空一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理。最显著的特点是：1.开头点题 做说明型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。 2.结构清晰 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。 总之应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服 “ 定式思维 ” ，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。要吃透文意，理解到位，应做到以下几点：第一点：从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。第二点：从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。第三点：从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。第四点：从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。（三）方法提炼1语境化选择 ： 填空题是具有完整信息的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有着不可分割、千丝万缕的联系，解题时若只拘泥于个别的句子、段落或短语，而不结合整篇文章所提供的语境，不善于从上下文中寻找线索，则很容易选错答案。有些完形填空跳跃性非常强，第一空往往需要读完全文才能作出正确选择。有时，最后一空呼应全文主题，需要结合全文主题(往往是全文首句)才能作答。更多的时候需要考生牢牢把握文章主题，根据上下文的信息来作答。所以要： 认真阅读首句，把握全文主旨。 【例1】 a. little boy invited his mother to attend his schools first teacher-parent meeting.to the little boys_36_，she said she would go. a. . enjoyment b.disappointment c. surprise d. excitement 按照一般思路，家长总是事务繁忙抽不出时间参加家长会，因此一旦家长同意参加，孩子应该感到高兴或激动才对。而这里如果选择a. 项或d项都是错误的，因为它们和语境不相符合。其实，下文a. lthough she was a beautiful woman,there was a serve scar(疤痕)that_40_ (covered) nearly the entire right side of her face.才道出了事情的真相：这个男孩并不想让母亲参加家长会，因为母亲脸上的疤痕会使自己在同学面前感到难堪，邀请母亲参加只是完成老师布置的任务而已，并不是真心，所以母亲答应要去时他感到很“失望”。正确答案为b。【例2】i climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.by the time i got to the third floor,i was 26 and at the same time felling lonely. a. . helpless b.lazy c. anxious d. tired 要选准26题答案，应对题前的信息进行分析 climb slowly,carry a big case,got to the third floor,同时我们从下文可知“i”是初入大学的女生，所以可知合理答案为d。 注重在语境中考查词义的这一试题特点，很好地反映了从重点测试语言形式转向重点测试语言意义的改革方向，反映了“强调应用，注重交际”的命题原则。 2. 瞻前顾后，从上下文找线索。 牢记全文的中心思想，把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，再结合上下文的内容和特定的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，选出最佳答案。【例3】in it were photos of all the actors of our show,_49_ signed by each performer.there were also _50_ of the public procession(游行队伍)and fireworks in the park,taken by the front desk clerk in her own _51_ after work. 50.a. . rules b.pictures c. handbooks d. performances 这篇短文讲的是一位游客在美国walt disney所经历的一件感人故事。原来她在polynesian luau拍摄的照片不幸丢失，感到非常惋惜。善解人意的员工主动答应帮助她把该景点其余画面都拍下来再邮寄给她。所以当她收到邮包时发现里面不仅有参加演出演员的照片还有亲笔签名，另外还有公众游行和燃放爆竹的照片。also一词充分暗示了邮包里的另外一些内容与前面是同类的。据此不难得出答案b。 2词语辨析 近几年高考完形填空选项的显著特征就是四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形、都是副词、都是名词复数形式等。这样至少在语法意义上四个选项都正确，要求考生在词语辨析上下功夫。做题要点：1）. 形义兼顾，重视语境 ： 既然四个选项形式完全相同，那么就要注意区分它们之间在意义上和搭配上的微小差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放在特定的语言环境里进行区分、判断，从而选出最佳答案。【例4】 but if they ever succeeded in catching one,they may face a real_54_ :would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel? a. . decision b.situation c. subject d. problem 四个选项都是名词，填入句中作宾语语法都正确，但下一句话的意思清楚地告诉我们，究竟把雪人放在何处是捉住雪人后人们所面临的一个难以抉择的现实“问题”。故应填入problem才符合语境要求。答案为d。 2）. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词的出现 在阅读文章的过程中，有时会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词、反义词。因此，要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出正确的答案。 【例5】 “hooray!” shouted the crowd.it was the loudest_41_ had ever heard at a meet.the firstplace runner was two laps(圈)ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line. a. . cheer b.shout c. cry d. noise 四个选项都是名词，都表示“声音”，但侧重点有所不同。若考生能够注意前面的同义词shout和特定的语境，就能够确定cheer(欢呼声)最符合语境，因为此时“我”比赛落后很多，心情颇为沉重，正是人群中的加油声促使我改变想法，决定来年继续参加比赛。这场比赛让“我”意识到强者不一定是最终的获胜者，而是那些在输掉的情况下永不放弃的人。答案为a. 。【例6】 when i was in the army i_36_ an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against(an average) of 100, scored 160. a. . faild b.wrote c. received d. chose从上下文可知,上题答案应为“took”的同义词,故可确定正确答案为c,意为“接受”。 3.）固定搭配 在这方面要注意：逻辑搭配(过渡词，连接手段，指示代词，肯定，否定等)；语义搭配(区别同义词、近义词、反义词等)；结构搭配(名词，动词，形容词等在句中或文中和其他词的搭配)；惯用搭配(即通常说的固定短语结构)。【例7】 is all this press necessary? _50_ up leaving the football team.four other girls did the same,and two of them stopped playing football completely. a. . gave b.kept c. ended d. picked 四个选项的动词都能和up搭配构成短语，但是意思各不相同。give up“放弃”；keep up“保持(状态)”；pick up“捡起；接收”；end up与v-ing连用，表示“以结束”。结合上下文，作者由于难以承受巨大的压力而最终选择离开球队。答案为c。 【例8】the native people said they(knew of) this creature and called it the “yeti”,and they said that they had_39_ caught yetis on two occasions_40_ none has ever been produced as evidence(证据). 39.a. . even b.hardly c. certainly d. probably 40.a. . as b.though c. when d. until 并列连词“and”连接的两个分在意义上是递进关系,故39题答案为a. 。第二个分句的主从句间为让步关系,40题答案为b。4. ）文化背景和生活常识【例9】immediately,the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the hospital. a. . animal b.biggest c. nearest d. plan在紧急情况下，人们的第一反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为c。 【例10】so i found a seat in the corner and patiently waiting. a. . sat b.stood c. lay d. laid 根据常识和习惯，找到座位后，还要耐心等待吗？自然就坐下来了。所以最佳答案为a. 。 5. ）行文逻辑推理 完形填空行文逻辑推理题要求考生能够做到上下文融会贯通，合理把握整个语篇的行文走势，句段的起承转合，事情发生的先后过程，开始与结果间的内在联系，是与非的鉴别判断，时间、地点、人物、背景之间的关系等。 【例11】when i joined a private football league a few years ago,the sport meant everything to me.my coach(教练)said that i had lots of potential(潜力),and i became captain of my_36_ .that was before all the fun was taken out of_37_ . a. t first,everyone on the team got_38_ playing time.then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games,and the_39_ started.some parents,who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have_40_ one-on-one training,got angry when she didnt give them more playing time in our_41_ .the coach was replaced. the new coach,however,took all the fun out of the game:a. ll we did during practice was_42_ .i always wished to god that it would rain so we would not have the_43_ . 36.a. . class b.club c. team d. board c。因为本句中有captain为“队长”,故应选team。 37.a. . playing b.living c. learning d. working a. 。本文主要讲述作者“踢足球”的经历,故应选playing。 38.a. . great b.equal c. right d. extra b。因为本段后半部分提到有些家长额外付钱想让自己的孩子多得到教练的指导,教练没给那些孩子额外的指导才被替换,所以起初那段快乐的时光是大家得到均等的训练机会。 39.a. . business b.struggle c. attempt d. pressure d。下文提到了“这些压力使我经常出错”,“这些压力有必要吗?” 40.a. . free b.private c. good d. basic b。这些父母们“paid extra money”当然是为了私利,所以选择private。 41.a. . matches b.courses c. lessons d. programs a. 。教练被解雇是因为在比赛中没有给那些额外付钱的孩子们更多的上场时间。而course是“课程；过程”的含义；lesson为“课”的意思,program意思是“节目；程序”,显然都不符合文意。 42.a. . jump b.play c. run d. shoot c。从本段下文可得知换教练后,主要训练形式就是跑。 43.a. . duty b.meeting c. operation d. trainingd。我向上帝祈祷赶快下雨，作为厌烦这种训练形式的孩子的心理，显然是想让下雨阻止训练,故选training。 第二节：完形填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2012广西老牌高中一调)my husband and i were cleaning windows together yesterday. we have the doublehung(双吊钩)_36_that you can pull forward and flip(翻转), allowing us to_37_the inside and the outside surfaces.my husband was _38_one windowand it popped out (跳出)of its frame! well, our_39_is for sale and the last thing we needed was for something to_40_.he was so_41_and tried with all his strength to get it_42_together, using a few less than pleasant words (i am sorry to say). after twenty minutes he still could not get it_43_. thats when my 23yearold_44_told his dad to_45_for a minute and he would try to fix it with me.its amazing how you can see things more clearly and do things more_46_when you are_47_. he and i fixed the window in three minutes! i called my husband in to see! he couldnt_48_it!i know this isnt really a gift_49_， in a way, it was. my son_50_my husband to leave to cool down, and_51_him from the worry for a moment. and my son fixing it with me was a_52_to me, because i saw him as a man_53_the kid he always seems to be in my_54_.calm is good. breathe through difficult times and maybe even take a break from stressful times. return with a clear mind and things will usually_55_much better!36a.windowsbtablescchairs ddoors答案：a由文章第一句话“my husband and i were cleaning windows together yesterday.”可知，“我们”有双吊钩“窗户”，这样的窗户便于你能向前推并翻转。37a.dryb.cleanc smooth ddestroy答案：b第一段提到：昨天“我”和丈夫一起擦窗子。由此可知是便于“我们”“擦洗”窗户的里面和外面。故clean“把擦干净”符合语境。38a.painting b.repairingc washing dchanging答案：c由文章第一段可知，夫妻二人正在擦洗窗户，此处指的应该是“我”的丈夫正在“洗”一扇窗户。故wash“冲；洗”符合语境。39a.carbhomec house dfamily答案：c由语境可知应该是“我们”的“房子”要出售。40a.flyblosec dirty dbreak答案：d由前面的“.and it popped out of its frame！”可知，窗子坏了。故此处应该表示“我们”最不需要的事情就是东西“坏了”。break“打破、弄坏”符合语境。41a.interestedbdelightedc excited dworried答案：d由下文中的“.，using a few less than pleasant words(i am sorry to say)。”可知，丈夫感到那么地不安(worried)。42a.back b.awayc outdup答案：a由上文中提到的“it popped out of its frame！”应该使窗户恢复原样。get.back意为“恢复”符合语境。43a.added b.fixedc delivered dseparated答案：b由下文中的“.he would try to fix it with me.”可知，丈夫尽力把窗户“安装”在一起。44a.sonbnephewc student ddaughter答案：a由倒数第二段中的“and my son fixing it with me.”可知答案。45a.put away b.take awayc walk away dgive away答案：c由文中的“i called my husband in to see me！”可知，儿子告诉他的父亲走开一会。walk away“走开”。46