高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（109）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（109）及答案阅读理解-passage two (vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law)when you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects. we may speak contemptuously of the poor old romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. we may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. we may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. but are our feelings of superiority really justified? are we any less blood-thirsty? why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? dont the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. the only difference between ourselves and the romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.it really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. let us not deceive ourselves. any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. people take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. a world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. they feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? you may well ask. the answer is simple: they are uncivilized. for centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. but at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. these changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. the law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. if we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. we would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1.it can be inferred from the passage that the authors opinion of nowadays human beings is a. not very high. b. high.c. contemptuous. d. critical.2.the main idea of this passage is a. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.b. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.c. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.d. people are bloodthirsty in sports.3.that the author mentions the old romans isa. to compare the old romans with todays people.b. to give an example.c. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.d. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.4.how many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?a. three. b. five.c. six. d. seven.5.the purpose of the author in writing this passage isa. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.b. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.c. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.d. to show law is the main instrument of social change.vocabularyrelish 从获得乐处，享受orgy 狂欢，放纵arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的 bear-baiting 逗熊游戏bull-fight 斗牛batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打pulp 成纸浆，成软块burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火grim 令人窒息的，简陋的coop up 把关起来难句译注bear-baiting 逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏驱狗去咬绑着的熊，很残忍，后被禁止。two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.【结构简析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打瘫某人【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍，知道一个人被打倒在地，爬不起来。unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击，突然烧起来而无动于衷。a world heavy weight championship match is front page news.【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。写作方法与文章大意 作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。答案详解1.a. 不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢？我们的嗜血性是不是少一些？为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人？在场的观赏者（观众）是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢？结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛（世界重量级冠军赛），两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是c项蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下（人类不应有的）。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选a项。2.a. 法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响（第三段倒数第三句）b. 人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。c. 对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。d.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。3.d. 人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。a. 把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。b. 给出一个例子。太抽象。c. 说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。4.b. 5个。作者提到逗熊游戏；斗牛；车赛；拳击；人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。5.a. 通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。b. 通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。c. 我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。d. 去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。阅读理解-da traveler was staying in an egyptian village. one day, she held up her camera to take pictures of the children. suddenly the young ones began to shout at her. the travelers face turned red and she apologized to the head for what she was doing, and told him she had forgotten that people in some places believed a person would lose his soul if his picture was taken. she explained to him the operation of a camera for a long time. several times the head tried to say something, but he couldnt. when she believed that the head didnt fear any longer, the traveler then let him speak. with a smile, he said, the children were trying to tell you that you forgot to take off the lens(镜头) cap! 16. the children shouted when the traveler was taking pictures of them because _.a. they didnt want to stop playingb. the traveler forgot to take off the cap on her headc. they didnt want to have their pictures takend. the traveler was not doing well with her camera17. the traveler made an apology to the head because _.a. she thought it was not right to take peoples pictures without telling them beforehand (事先)b. the children would lose their soulsc. she had stayed in the village too longd. she didnt take a picture of the head first18. the traveler explained how to use a camera to the head because _.a. the head was very interested in her camera b. the head wanted to learn to take picturesc. she was afraid of the headd. she wanted the head not to worry about what she was doing19. when the head smiled, its clear that _.a. the children wanted to play with herb. the traveler didnt know what the children meantc. he wanted the traveler to tell him something elsed. the traveler didnt let him speak20. which of the following is not right?a. the traveler knew something about people in some countries.b. the children wouldnt mind if the traveler took pictures of them.c. the head was afraid that the travelers camera would hurt the children.d. the traveler didnt understand why the children shouted. 【参考答案】1620、dadbc阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。apeople do not analyze every problem they meet. sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. they often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. other times they begin to act without thinking. they try to find a solution by trial and error. however, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. there are six stages in analyzing a problem.first, the person must recognize that there is a problem. for example, sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.next, the thinker must define the problem. before sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. for instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. he must make his problem more specific.now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. for instance, suppose sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. at this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. he can talk to his friends at the bike shop. he can look at his gears carefully.after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. take sam as an illustration. his suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. he immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.finally the solution is tested. sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. in short , he has solved the problem.1.what is the best title for this passage? a. six stages for repairing sams bicycle b. possible ways to problem-solving c. necessities of problem analysis d. suggestions for analyzing a problem2. in analyzing a problem, we should do all the following except . a. recognize and define the problem b. look for information to make the problem clearer c. have suggestions for a possible solution d. find a solution by trial or mistake3. by referring to sams broken bicycle, the author intends to _. a. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle b. discuss the problems of his bicycle c. tell us how to solve a problem d. show us how to analyze a problem4. which of the following is not true? a. people do not analyze the problem they meet. b. people often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. c. people may learn from their past experience. d. people can not solve some problems they meet.5. as used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short” means _.a. in the long run b. in detail c. in a wordd. in the end【参考答案】15、bdcac 阅读理解-bprolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. in fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. in all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. in hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. in times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived, they could have another child. in most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. we have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. in the united states many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.when older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. in the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. to meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. these are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. while a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.6. the author believes that the