高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（43）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（43）及答案阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务(2010年江苏卷)usually，when your teacher asks a question，there is only one correct answer.but there is one question that has millions of correct answers.that question is “whats your name？” everyone gives a different answer，but everyone is correct.have you ever wondered about peoples names？where do they come from？what do they mean?peoples first names，or given names，are chosen by their parents.sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used.some parents choose the name of a wellknown person.a boy could be named george washington smith；a girl could be named helen keller jones.some people give their children names that mean good things.clara means “bright”；beatrice means “one who gives happiness”；donald means “world ruler”；leonard means “as brave as a lion”the earliest last names，or surnames，were taken from place names.a family with the name brook or brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called longstreet probably lived on a long，paved road.the greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.other early surnames came from peoples occupations.the most common occupational name is smith，which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.in the past，smiths were very important workers in every town and village.some other occupational names are：carter a person who owned or drove a cart；pottera person who made pots and pans.the ancestors of the baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village.the carpenters greatgreatgreatgrandfather probably built houses and furniture.sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin，or their size，or their special abilities.when there were two men who were named john in the same village，the john with the gray hair probably became john gray.or the john was very tall could call himself john tallman.john fish was probably an excellent swimmer and john lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.englishspeaking people added s or son.the johnsons are descendants of john；the roberts familys ancestor was robert.irish and scottish people added mac or mc or operhaps all of the macdonnells and the mcdonnells and the odonnells are descendants of the same donnell.以约30词概括文章大意_.根据短文内容选择最佳答案1which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage not cover?aplaces where people lived.bpeoples characters.ctalents that people possessed.dpeoples occupations.2according to the passage，the ancestors of the potter family most probably _.aowned or drove a cartbmade things with metalscmade kitchen tools or containsdbuilt houses and furniture3suppose an english couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their newborn son to become a world leader，the baby might be named _.abeatrice smithbleonard cartercgeorge longstreet ddonald greenwood4the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _.alater generations bfriends and relativesccolleagues and partners dlater sponsors参考答案【部分】peoples first names usually have special meanings and their last names always have something to do with their occupations，the places where they live，their ancestors or even their appearance.(30 words)【部分】1b2解析：从potter答案：c3解析：从donald答案：d4解析：词义推测题。由some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.englishspeaking people addedsson答案：a阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。asix years ago, i walked into a local animal shelter on a cold,rainy day. although my house was already full of cats anddogs, i still couldnt resist an occasional visit to the shelter. this time as i was walking down the row of pensfull of barking dogs i noticed a small boy looking into one of them. he had a malnourished（营养不良的） looking body and a bony face with a bignose sticking out of the middle of it. he was looking at a small, golden dog. its bony ribs wereshowing and its thin tail was folded between its legs. it wasnt beggingfor attention like the other puppies but was hiding in the cornerinstead. the boy looked up at me with sad eyes and asked what was wrongwith it. “it was probably abused and abandoned”, i said. “that is why itis so scared.”the boy immediately turned to an older lady and said, “grandma, i wantthis one.” the old woman smiled and walked to the front desk to fill outthe adoption forms. i followed and asked about the boy. i found out thathed had a rough start in life too. she had just gotten custody（监护权） of himafter the state had taken him from his parents. she had hoped getting adog would make it easier on him. i looked back at him, holding his scaredpuppy, and said a prayer for them both.it was yesterday. i was driving down the road enjoying a gloriously sunny,spring day. then in a green front yard i saw the boy. his teenage body wastall and strong. his nose no longer seemed big but fit well into hissmiling face. he was throwing a ball to a healthy, happy dog with shininggolden hair. his little act of love and kindness had indeed gone a longway. it had saved a dogs life, healed his own heart, and given thismiddle-aged man fresh hope for us all.26. the author entered the animal shelter because _ .a. he loves dogs and petsb. it was too cold outsidec. he wanted to buy a dog d. he wanted to see the boy 【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据although my house was already full of cats anddogs, i still couldnt resist an occasional visit to the shelter.因为他家已经有许多狗了，他因为喜欢去看狗和宠物，故选a。27. the reason why the dog was so scared is that _ .a. it was afraid of the coldb. it had been ill-treatedc. it was frightened by the boyd. it was frightened by the author【答案】b 【解析】细节理解题。根据it was probably abused and abandoned它被虐待，所以看起来很害怕的样子，故选b。 28 . why did the boy want to adopt the golden dog? a. because the dog looked attractive.b. because his grandma also liked the dog.c. because they had something in common.d. because the author advised him to adopt it.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据i found out thathed had a rough start in life too因为小男孩和这只小狗有共同之处，故选c。29.the grandma wanted the boy to adopt a dog so that _ .a. his life could be easierb. he could play balls with itc. he could forget about his parentsd. the dog could be taken good care of【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据she had hoped getting adog would make it easier on him.她让小男孩领养一只狗以便让他的生活过得更加轻松，故选a。30. what can we learn from the last paragraph ?a. the author is a kind-hearted old man.b. the boys nose has become smaller than before.c. the author enjoys watching people playing with dogs.d. both the boy and the dog are growing healthily and happily.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据it had saved a dogs life, healed his own heart,小狗和小男孩都幸福滴健康地成长，故选d。阅读理解专题训练(一)阅读中的猜词技巧(2) -定义释义法 方法点拨释义指对陌生词的解释(解释性描述)，一般通过定义、定语从句、词组、同位语从句来体现。其表现形式为：用that is，in other words，or，mean，be called，refer to或连系动词to be等定义或重述形式来解释生词。 如例题1：anthropology is the scientific study of man.例题2the_herdsman，who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.解析1从解释 the scientific study of man可知anthropology的意思是 “人类学”。解析2定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。 活学活用(一)利用上述方法，猜出下列各句划线词的意思1sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.2they need to make their income meet the cost of living，so many people plan a family budget.a budget is a list of monthly expenses.3jane is indecisive，that is，she cant make up her mind.4the modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope，an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.5krabacber suffers from sad，which is short for seasonal affective disorder，a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.6they are vertebrates，that is，animals that have back bones.(一)1解析：假定sociology是一个不认识的词，系动词be后面就给出了明确的定义。这样，我们便知道该词意思为“社会学”。答案：社会学2解析：is后面是对第一句中划线单词的解释，给出了明确的定义，从定义上推测出单词budget的意思为“预算”。答案：预算3解析：由that is可知，后面是对indecisive的定义解释，由此可猜测出单词indecisive的意思为“优柔寡断的，没有决策能力的”。答案：优柔寡断的，没有决策能力的4解析：此句中逗号(，)后的同位语an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.已经给出了划线单词的确切意思， stethoscope为“听诊器”。答案：听诊器5解析：从seasonal affective disorder，a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings 推出sad的意思是 “季节性情绪紊乱症”。答案：季节性情绪紊乱症6解析：从解释animals that have back bones 可知vertebrates的意思是 “脊椎动物”。答案：脊椎动物 until last summer i had a very comfortable life: winter vacations skiing and summer cruises. my parents spent a lot of money on a private school, so they could get me into a competitive middle school. everything was about tomorrow, next year, my graduation. we never had to worry about today.before last summer i never thought much about the people in the world who live day to day, every day, whose lives are controlled by poverty and hunger. then i enrolled in a two-week intensive program. we lived in a “tribal village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in arkansas, a state of the south-central united states. i am a tribal member in mozambique, a country of southeast africa. every meal, i make the fire for my family, and feel the flames lick up my nostrils as i blow to keep the fuel alive. i cook mush with vegetables. this is all my family is ever given.i feed the hen and three rabbits their dinner. i grow attached to the rabbits, even though i know i shouldnt. i name them. im not getting enough to eat; its time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. i feel pain but its a privileged childs pain because i know i will soon be eating again. thats not true for a lot of other children around the world.growing up comfortably in the u.s., ive never had to worry about my dinner, and even though this whole process was only a simulation, it changed my life. now i believe in doing whatever i can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger. so ive become president of roots and shoots, a group working to improve local environments for people and animals. im also working to create a program at my high school called the “safe passage” trip to help young people in the guatemala city dump. and ive got plans to do more.im often thinking of laboring in the hot sun and the millions who still do. now, i try to live for today and stop worrying so much about the future. when i eat or feel full, i am grateful for this fortunate life and want to extend the same feeling to others.i believe in offering help to those who need it. 31. what is true about the author before last summer?a. her life was under great pressure.b. her life was well-planned.c. she didnt have to worry about the future.d. she had to worry about her dinner 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据until last summer i had a very comfortable life因为父母已经给作者安排好了一切，故选b。32.we can learn from the second paragraph that _.a. the author raised some rabbits as petsb. the author took part in a two-week program in africac. the author had a very difficult life in the “tribal village”d. the author