高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（20）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（20）及答案 阅读理解猜测词义passage * radioactivity is dangerous. it may cause skin burns, it may destory good tissues(组织) and it may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren. in case of exposure (暴露) it may even cause death. in the early days of radioactivity, scientists did not realize these dangers. marie and pierre curie, after having worked for a while with radioactive materials, noticed that their fingers were reddened and swollen(红肿) and the skin was peeling off. henry becquerel carried a small tube with radium in it in his waistcoat pocket, and was surprised to find a bum on his chest. other early workers also reported burns and harm of dif- ferent kinds.the strange fact is that it can harm without musing pain, which is the waming signal we expect from harmfulness. pain makes up pull back our hands from a fire or a hot object, but a person carrying radioactive materials had no way of telling whether he is touching something too hotfor .safety. besides, the burnsor other harm- fulness that radioactivity produces may not appear for wceks. a person may have been hurt without knowing it for .some time.1. which is the topic .sentence for this passage? a. radioactivity may ever cause death. b. radioactivity does great harm to children. c. radioactivity may do harm to people without being known. d. radioactivity is dangerous. 答案：d 指导：通读全文后，得知文章主要讲的是放射的危险性。再将选项进行比较，即可推断出答案。2. a few people were mentioned in the passage they_ a. were all famous scientists of great achievements b. died of radioactivity c. knew litde about radioactivity d. did experiments on themselves to find the danger of radioactivity答案：a 指导：文章所提到的人物皆为著名的科学家。3. according to the point of the passage, pain_. a. causes people to die b. brings people suffering c. is an important signal d. is very much expected答案： d 指导：从最后一段中可获信息为：放射不像烫伤与烧伤会有痛感，它是一种无痛觉的伤害。4. the sentence in the third line of the second paragraph the skin was peeling offmeans a. the skin was coining off b. the skin was turning off c. the skin was breaking away d. the skin was fleeing答案：a指导：peel的汉语意思为“剥下”。 many of us mistakenly believe that its wrong to think we have any good qualities. we may spend a lot of time blaming ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. however, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. how can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed（有缺陷）? if someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. the person who doesnt like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time. dont take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your good qualities. in fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. for all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else. you might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for life. there are many people who dont mind your extra pounds. you may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. there are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wisdom, and the package it comes in is not important. if you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. you can decide to feel inferior（自卑） because you dont have much money and you dont drive a nice car. you can believe that this is the reason that you dont have many friends in your life. on the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person. the point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe its the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any. 36. according to the author _ plays an important role in making friends.a. admitting your shortcomings b. self criticism c. modesty d. confidence【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。根据a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people.既然我们强调我们的缺点有可能在交朋友方面成为绊脚石，那么我们就应该自信，故选d。37. if you are not liked by a person, _ .a. you should find the reason in yourselfb. youd better talk with the person face to facec. you may not be the one to be blamedd. you and that person misunderstand each other【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据if someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. the person who doesnt like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy.不喜欢你也许和你一点关系都没有，你也许不应该受到责备，故选c。38. we can learn from the third paragraph that _ .a. your good qualities may turn out to be your flawsb. your weakness may also be your strengths in some wayc. your negative qualities cause a person to reject youd. youll have few friends if your flaws are bigger than your good qualities【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据in fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else.你的弱点也许是在某方面是你的强项，故选b。39. which of the following is true according to the author?a. it is important to lose weight.b. it is easier for a wealthy person to make friends.c. inner qualities are more important than physical appearance.d. if you are not beautiful enough, try to improve your physical beauty.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据if you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends.内心的美比外在的美要重要的多，故选c。40. what do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?a. how to find your good qualities.b. how to make friends.c. how to make self criticism.d. how to lose weight.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据the point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe its the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any.既然找到了交不上朋友的原因，那么就应该找出自己的好的品质，下面就应该写如何找到自己好的品质，故选a。 阅读理解猜测词义passage *students pay to change to popular majorsfor most students in universities, 20,000 yuan is a big sum. but xiao wang paid the money soon after she learned that she could change to the popular economics department. by paying 20,000 yuan with the help of her parents, xiao wang can study the economics major she prefers. it is difficult for graduates in chemistry to find a good job in recent years. she said. xiao wang is only one of the many freshmen that pay to change to popular majors. many universities throughout china offer similar services. the charges for changing majors are from 5,000 yuan to 80,000 yuan, according to a recent re- port on the yangzi evening news. the fee(费用)is decided by university authorities based on the popularity of each major, the report said. the most popular majors include computer sci- ence, law, finance(金融), information engineering and for- eign languages. a saying popular among students may explain the phenomenon (现象). studying a good major is much better than studying in a famous university. some educators warn students against rushing blindly to today s popular majors. they may not be popular years later, the china youth daily said. but it seems that many students are career oriented(以职业为宗旨), instead of being interestbased. freshmen are allowed to change to other departments, according to roles of the ministry of education. but there are no official rules on the charges. in spite of the high charges, demands to change majors are still increasing. the paper said about 100 students in the english language department of a school in harbin changed from other departments. the depart- ment planned to admit only 50 freshmen this year.these charges have become a big income for some univer- sities, the paper said. it is expected a normal school in harbin will get an income of 30 million yuan this year. 1. xiao wang would rather pay 20,000 yuan to change to the economics department because_. a. her parents have persuaded her to do so b. she prefers to study the major c. she can have a promising future d. transferring to another major is very popular in university答案： c 指导：参见文中第二段，她认为一个学化学的学生很难找一份好的工作，所以她决定换专业2. the following are the most popular majors in china today except_. a. law b. computer c. english d. chemistry答案：d 指导：第二段第七行介绍了目前最受欢迎的几个专业，不包括化学。3. the fees that freshmen hand in to change to a new major are decided by_ a. headmasters b. the ministry of education c. university authorities d. the china youth daily答案：c 指导：第四段中提到目前对收费仍无正式确定，所以都由各大学自行决定。4. the writer wrote the passage to_. a. enoourage students to change to popular majors b. expect universities to charge less money for changing majors c. tell us a new phenomenon in universities d. warn the students to be careful if they want to change majors 答案：c 指导：c项“告诉我们大学中的一个新现象”这是作者主要要表达的内容。*结束阅读理解猜测词义passage * do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? this might be called laziness, but dr. kleitman has a new explanation. he has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. during the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you re hot. that s true. the time of the day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. for some people the peak comes during the forenoon. for others it comes in the afternoon or evening. no one has discovered why this is so, but it brads to such familar monologues as get up, john! youll be late for work a gain! the possible explanation to the trouble is that john is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realise what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. you cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. habit can help. dr. kleitman believes. maybe you re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. if your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. this wont change your eyery, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.get off to a slow start which saves your energy. get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. aviod the trouble- some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your shaper hours. 1. if a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably_. a. he is a lazy person b. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle c. he is not sure when his energy is low d. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening 答案：d 指导：根据文中第二段，有些人的精力高峰出现在下午和晚上，所以让他早起很困难，a项“他是个懒人”、b项“他不遵守自己的能量循环”、c项“他不能确知他的能量何时最低”都不正确。2. which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage? a. unwareness of energy cycles. b. familiar monologues. c. a change in a family members energy cycle. d. attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members. 答案：a 指导：文中第二段最后一句话说：“当夫妻意识到什么是能量循环以及家中每个成员能量循环状况时他们就会停止吵架。”言外之意，他们吵架是由于他们没意识到什么是能量循环，即选项a正确。3. if one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should_. a. change his energy cycle b. overcome his laziness c. get up earlier than usual d. go to bed earlier 答案：c 指导：第三段最后一句话给出了本题答案。早起有助于你在精力低落时仍然高效工作。a项“改变能量循环方式”、 b项“克服懒惰”、d项“早睡”都不正确。4. you are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_. a. help to keep your energy for the days work b. help you to control your temper early in the day c. enable you to concentrate on your routine work d. keep your energy cycle under control all day 答案：a 指导：第四段第一句话说，慢点起床可以让你节省能量，所以选a项。b项“控制体温”。c项“让你做日常工作时集中精力”、d项“让你的能量循环得以控制”都不正确。 sunny countries are often poor. a shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. eight19, a british company by cambridge university, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. in return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp（安培） current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light-emitting diode（二极管）. the firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile-phone charger for seven hours. then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.the trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the systems keeper must buy a scratch cardfor as little as a dollaron which is printed a reference number. the keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by sms to eight19. the companys server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit.users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. in fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. after buying around $80 worth of scratch cardswhich eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 monthsthe user will own it. he will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10-watt solar cell.in that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and affordably. according to eight19s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. the firm believes the average energy-starved kenyan spends around $10 a month on oilenough to fuel a couple of smoky lampsplus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. regular users of one of eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it completely. meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper. 41. the underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _ .a. make use of b. come up with c. look into d. deal with 【答案】d【解析】词义猜测题。make use of利用； come up with想出； look into调查； deal with处理。根据solar power is still quite expensive及eight19, a british company by cambridge university, has, however, invented a novel way to因为太阳能仍然很贵，所以eight19发明了一个新的方法来解决这个问题，故选d。 42. what should the user do when the electricity in the battery is used up?a. buy a scratch card. b. recharge it outside.c. buy another solar cell.d. return it to the company.【答案