高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（8）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（8）及答案 【阅读理解猜测词义】 passage * there is one foreign product the japanese are buying fasterthan others, and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many japanese. that product is foreign words. gairaigo-words that come from outside-have been part of the japanese language for centuries. mostly borrowed from english and chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. but in the last few years the tfi. ckle (涓涓细流) of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional (传统的) japanese. the popularity of foreign words is part of the japanese interest in anything new, days university lecturer and writer takashi .%alto. by using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media (媒体) to pick up. experts (专家) often study abroad and use english terms when they speak with people in their own fields. those terms are then included in government white papers,said muturo kal, president of the national language research institute. foreign words find their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in japanese.” against the flow of new words. many japanese turning back to the stud)rd their own language saitos japanese to be read aloud is one of many language books that ate now flying off booksellersshelves. we were expecting to sell the books to young people, said the writer, but it turns out they are more popular wii the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of jal anese. 1. what advantages do foreign words have over traditional jal nese terms? a. the ideas expressed in foreign words sound new. b. foreign words are best suited for announcements. c. foreign words make new subjects easier to understand. d. the use of foreign words makes the media more popular. 答案：a 指导：第5段末提到原因，“用外来词语你可以让一个话题看上去很新鲜，而这样一来媒体更容易感兴趣。”2. in the opinion of takastii saito, japanese people _. a. are good at learning foreign languages b. are willing to learn about new things c. trust the media d. respect experts 答案：b 指导：还是第5段，“外来词语受欢迎部分原因是日本人对任何新东西都感兴趣”，因此选b.3. which of the following plays an important part in the spreace of foreign words? a. the media and government papers. b. best-selling japanese textbooks. c. the interest of young japanese. d. foreign products and experts. 答案：a 指导：第6段谈到这些词语的来历，出现在政府公文、广播中，即a。4. the book japanese to be read aloud _. a. sells very well in japan b. is supported by the government c. is questioned by the old generation d. causes misunderstanding among the readers答案： a 指导：关于这本书。作者说“are now flying off booksellerss he lves”，因此选a. if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. this is the research finding of a team of japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (the rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)contraction of front and side partsas cells die offwas observed i some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with ageusing the head.the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. white collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “the best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and engage in conversation. dont rely on pocket calculators.”36. the team of doctors wanted to find out _.a. why certain people age sooner than others b. how to make people live longerc. the size of certain peoples brains d. which people are most intelligent【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。37. on what are their research findings based?a. a survey of farmers in northern japan. b. tests performed on a thousand old people.c. the study of brain volumes of different people d. the latest development of computer technology.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选c。38. the doctors test show that _.a. our brains shrink as we grow older b. the front section of the brain does not shrinkc. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsd. some peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选d。39. the word “subjects” in paragraph 5 means _.a. something to be considered b. branches of knowledge studiedc. persons chosen to be studied in an experimentd. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。由“but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选c。40. according to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?a. lawyers. b. farmers. c. clerks. d. shop assistants.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers,”可知律师变老的风险最小。故选a。 【阅读理解猜测词义】passage * on may 13,1787, a fleet of english ships set sail for aus tralia with about 750 people. these men and women were not ordinary passengers, they were convicts being sent to austial ia as punishment for their crimes. laws in england during this period were very hard, and people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. a man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another mans property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone elses tree. for many other crimes, the punishment was transportation. the guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay. often women and children were shipped to other lands too. in 1770, captain cook had discovered the continent of australia and claimed it for england. at first, england found no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the american revolution took place. england could no longer ship her convicts to the american colonies (殖民地). so she turned to australia as a good place for her prisoners. a former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. his job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. the captain was glad to go. he believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. he felt they would obey the laws in the new country. in january 1788, the english fleet and its cargo-the convicts landed on australia. after days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. the land nearby had trees and streams. the convict colony made a new beginning here. australias history thus began. 1. the article tells us mainly about_. a. a fleet of english ships b. hunting on other peoples property c. a convict settlement in australia d. how australia was discovered 答案：c 指导：纵观全文，本文讲述英国政府在发现澳大利亚后一直没有利用这块土地，美国独立战争之后它不能将罪犯流到美国，于是将澳大利亚作为其流放地，因此选c2. the underlined word convict(in paragraph 1) most probably means _. a. a person who lost his family b. a person who has done crimes and is sent to prison c. a native living in the area d. a person who is sentenced to death 答案：b 指导：由上下文可知，convict指犯了罪(crimes)受罚(punishment)的人，英国政府将其流放到“agood place for prisoners，因此选b.3. why did england send convicts to australia? a. it wanted to make captain cook happy about australia. b. it wanted convicts to find a good harbor and good land. c. it could not feed its overpopulation. d. it could no longer send convicts to america. 答案：d 指导：从短文第三段的描述中知，由于美国发动了独立战争取得独立，英国政府不能将罪犯流放到美国，这才将目光投向澳大利亚。4. which statement seems true according to the passage? a. former naval captains always started new colonies. b. the american revolution had something to do with the convicts. c. a great country may grow from a small colony. d. convicts are not easy to be governed. 答案：c 指导：文中只提到“aformernaval captain”，a项显然太武断；b项说美国的独立战争与那些罪犯有关系，这种说法太牵强，综合判断，c项是正确的。*结束【阅读理解猜测词义】passage * you would like to take good photographs of real-life situations but you have few ideas for pictures. i suggest you look a- round you. the everyday world is full of scenes being played by an ever-changing group of actors. you probably passed a dozen picture situations without noticing on your way to work this morning. the realistic approach (态度) to photograph has been perfected in the past by such masters as henri cartier-bresson and bill brand. but while you can learn a great deal from looking at the works of others, any success you can hope to achieve in this field has to come from developing an individual approach. the main requirement for any photographer has little to do with technical matters. you must develop an awareness (观察) of the world around you and the people who live in it, and you should learn to notice when a situation may develop to a point where you will be able to take a good picture. those who have reached this happy state will be prepared when that moment comes, and will simply raise their camera quickly and shoot. others who are not so aware will be struggling with the camera cases and lens (镜头) caps. film manufactures must be delighted at thethought of the inexperienced photographer setting out in search of the right situation and the right moment. many miles of costly material have passed through thousands of cameras as this endless search continues. but although this waste must be put down to inexperience, youll find that even the professionals have to use a lot of film when they are out shooting. not every shot is going to be a winner. if you look at the works of even the best photographers, youll notice dozens of pictures have had to be taken only because they lead up to the successful shot of a situation that the photographer has obviously been observing through the lens. you may find that you have taken one or two pictures after the right moment has pas- sed as well there is seldom more than one shot which stands out. there is just one point where it all comes together, and often you have to waste film to catch that precious moment. 1. according to the passage, one can become a better real-life photographer by_. a. watching the photographers at work b. learning about famous photographers c. just taking a great many photographs d. developing skills and ideas for yourself 答案：d 指导：从文中的描写可以获知，作者谈到如何才能成为一个好的摄影师，谈到要注意身边的素材、观察周围的世界、还要注意摄影技巧，因此选d.2. the writer thinks that a photographer is required to_. a. be able to tell when a good situation might come b. go out and search for unusual situations c. be highly skilled in camerea techniques d. have a camera which is easy and quick to use 答案：a 指导：文中作者谈到生活中处处有picturesituations(b错)，第三段的首句告诉我们c不对，最后一句表示不在于照相机好不好用，在于摄影师对生活的aware(d错)，从该段中间的讲述可知a对，文中有will be prepared when that moment comes3. most likely, to catch the right moment, one must _. a. take pictures without too much preparation b. take a whole series of similar pictures c. take great care to set up the situation d. take one picture just at the right moment 答案：b 指导：从文中最后两段的讲述可知，即使是专业人士，他们为了捕捉瞬间往往要浪费很多胶卷，“dozens。f pictures have had to be taken for the successful shot，”因此选b.4. the passage is _. a. an introduction to photography b. an advertisement for film c. a history of photography d. part of a book of camera instruction 答案：a 指导：全文讲述摄影师必须注意观察生活，捕捉real-life situations，不要担心浪费胶卷，为了捕捉that precious moment，often you have to waste film,不难看出其写作宗旨是a.the speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. heads nodded in agreement when he said, high school english teachers are not doing their jobs. he described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. i was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.my topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. what the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.my point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. it is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. before english became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. but since then, english teachers have been under constant attack.the complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. to the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.since this concern about the decline and fall of the english language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays english teachers cannot be doing their jobs. otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of english.41. the speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _.a. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generationb. the students had a poor command of english because they didnt work hard enoughc. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching english for sixteen yearsd. english teachers should be held responsible for the students poor command of english【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“high school english teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选d。42. in the authors opinion, the speaker _. a. gave a correct judgment of the english level of the studentsb. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the studentsc. was right in saying that english teachers were not doing their jobsd. could think and speak intelligently【答案】b【解析】