高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（65）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（65）及答案阅读理解the arctic is one of the few places in the world untouched by pollution where you can use its beautiful nature. join our ship the northern star from 2 to 18 july, for a 17-day voyage to the arctic. during the voyage you are able to relax yourself. there are no parties or film-shows to attend, quizzes to enter, or entertainers to watch. however, we do have specialists on board who are willing to answer any of your questions about the arctic.after setting off from scotland, we go north along the coast of norway to bear island. along the way youll see thousands of seabirds and wonderful scenery, with rivers of ice and huge cliffs. you will have the chance to see polar bears and other arctic animals. although we have a timetable, experience has shown that we may have to change our direction a little, depending on the weather.the northern star is a very special ship and our past voyages have been very popular. our cabins all have the same excellent facilities. our chefs are happy to prepare any food for people on special diets. if you need some exercise, why not do some swimming in the indoor pool?prices include economy class air travel and 16 nights on the northern star, all meals and all lectures.day 1: board the northern star.day 2-7: we sail slowly north along the coast of norway, stopping at places of interest.day 8: tromse. you need to get up at sunrise to see the whales as we sail towards tromse. visit tromse to see the artic museum and the beautiful old wooden houses. in the evening we sail away along the west coast to bird island, which is excellent for bird- watching.day 9-10: bear island. we arrive there in the early evening. bear island once had an active fishing industry, but today little of this remains.day 11-16: spitsbergena place of mountains and rivers of ice. it is home to a large variety of animals.day 17: leave the ship in spitsbergen and fly to london from tromse.17. which of the following is true according to the passage?a. many different activities are organized on boardb. the voyage starts from scotland.c. the ship follows a fixed route.d. there are different types of accommodations.18. where can you see different kinds of animals?a. tromseb. bear islandc. bird island d. spitsbergen19. bear island used to be_.a. a busy fishing centerb. a place of interestc. a shopping centerd. a place for bird-watching20. whats the writers aim of writing the passage?a. introducing the artic.b. arranging a trip.c. describing the ship.d. advertising a trip to the arctic.参考答案1720、bdad (201*全国卷，a)since 1984 ，philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. one by one，graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art. so far，more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted. philadelphia now has more murals than any other american city. the walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the mural arts program (map). its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. the program began as part of philadelphias antigraffiti network. jane golden is the maps artistic director. “when people ask me what our program is about, ”she says，“i answer them with one word: hope.” each year, the map offers youth art programs and workshops. some onetime graffiti writers even help paint map murals.the maps work, says golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). when a neighborhood requests a mural，the map works with the people there to develop a message. some messages have been “safe streets，”“love and care, ”and “peace walk.”the map receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. last year，the workers painted 140 murals.“the making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says golden，who began as a muralist in los angeles. 本文论述了费城通过map这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1. what can be the best title for the text?a. love，from graffiti writers to muralistsb. map, a new company in philadelphiac. jane，an excellent mural artistd. hope，one wall at a time答案：d。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍费城通过map这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2. what is the mural arts program in philadelphia aimed at?a. helping the young find jobs.b. protecting the neighborhood.c. fighting against graffiti.d. attracting more visitors.答案：c。细节理解题。由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphias antigraffiti network.”可知c项正确。3. how does the map decide on the message for a mural?a. by having discussions with people in the community.b. by seeking advice from the city government.c. by learning from the young graffiti writers.d. by studying the history of the city.答案：a。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为a项。4which of the following words best describes the work of the map?a. difficult. b. dangerous.c. experimental. d. successful.答案：d。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知the map每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为d项。b(2011湖北卷，b)howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.as pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.there are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.one theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. but this theory may be wrong，explains fred hharrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.it appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.so is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? why do wolves howl for sure?what is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.when this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.when one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.this is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5what is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus?athe act of calling each other.bthe sense of accomplishment.cthe act of hunting for something.dthe sense of belonging to a group.答案：d。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项d的说法是一致的。6why does harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?awolves separate from each other after howling.bwolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.cwolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.dwolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：c。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joining.”都可以表明选项c的说法是符合原文之意的。7researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.ashow their ranks bfind their companionscreport the missing onesdexpress their loneliness答案：b。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项b的说法是最符合原文的。8“howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.ahowling is a signal for huntingbhowling is a way of communicationchowling often occurs in the morningdhowling spreads from one to another答案：d。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项d所说的那样。the british psychoanalyst john bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. some people have drawn the conclusion from bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do believe this. but there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. for example， we saw earlier that among the ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents， caretakers found children had problems with it. statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful american studies of children in day care， and they have reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. but bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. the possibility that such care might lead to, say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. at the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. the matter， then，is far from clear-cut，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.11.this passage primarily argues that _.a infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.b whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.c there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.d there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.12.the phrase “predispose to” （para. 1，line 2） most probably means _.a tend to suffer b get into c get into dispose to d lead to13.according to bowlbys analysis，it is quite possible that _.a childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.b children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.c early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. d some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.14.it is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that _.a traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.b children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.c a child did not live together with his parents among the ngoni.d children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.15.the writer concludes that _.a it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.b it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.c it is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.d it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.参考答案 bbbcd2.（2011安徽卷）egeorge prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. he makes his case in a new book, listening for meaning in a world of noise. here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):“weve become so accustomed to noise, theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. if you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. but its never been more important to find continuing quiet. silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”“we need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. during a japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of artthe spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”“deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. if two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. they are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. even deaf teenagers! we in the hearing world can learn from them. if we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around usof little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). its astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”【文章大意】文章介绍了george prochnik的新著listening for meaning in a world of noise和他的观点：在喧嚣的世界中创造一方不太纷扰的环境，这个世界会更美好。72. what does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in paragraph 1 probably mean?a. to be quiet b. to be colorful c. to be full of love d. to be attentive to someone【解析】选a。词义理解题。根据第二段作者的观点silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇的silence, 故选a项。73. what does prochnik say about us?a. we are used to quietnessb. we have to put up with noisec. we do not think silence to be beneficiald. we do not believe lasting peace to be available【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据第二段weve become so accustomed to noise, theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和its never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段during a japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判断得出，我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，寂静才是我们的追求，故选择c项。74. which of the following is true according to prochnik?a. we need more sounds in our livesb. there is nothing to be learned from the deafc. we are not aware how rich the world around us isd. there is too much noise at a japanese tea ceremony【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据文章末段if we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us. its astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知c项正确。a项和作者的观点相反；根据we in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知b项错误；根据during a japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者赞赏the smallest sounds，故d项错误。75. it can be inferred from the text that .a. we can benefit a lot from old peopleb. it is a good idea to use sign languagec. there is no escape from the world of sound d. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound【解析】选d。推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，作者提倡我们创造一个不太纷扰的环境，果真如此，这个世界是很美好的，据此d项正确。hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored faceliving alone, every day he worked in his gardenin all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as hisall sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flowers place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell hans had many friends, the most devoted being the millerso devoted was the rich miller to hans that hed never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruitsthe miller used to talk about noble ideas, and hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend the neighbors thought it strange that the rich miller never gave hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship in spring, summer, and autumn hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and hungerthough extremely lonely, the miller never came to see him then “theres no good in going to see hans while the snow lasts” the miller said to his wife, “when people are in trouble they shouldnt be botheredso ill wait till the spring comes when hes happy to give me flowers” “youre certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “its quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship” “couldnt we ask hans up here?” said their son“ill give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits” “how silly you are!” cried the miller“i really dont know whats the use of sending you to schoolif hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybodys naturei am his best friend, and ill always watch over him, and see that hes not led into any temptationbesides, if hans came here, he might ask me for some flourflour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldnt be confusedthe words are spelt differently, and mean quite different thingseverybody can see that” he looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea spring coming, the miller went down to see hansagain he talked about friendship“hans, friendship never forgetsim afraid you dont understand