高考英语专题复习 专题十一 词义猜测课件.ppt

专题十一词义猜测 高考英语 课标 专用 passage1 2017课标全国 d 词数 311abuild it yourselfsolarstill 蒸馏器 isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable developedbytwodoctorsintheu s departmentofagriculture it sanexcellentwatercollector unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes theonlycomponentsrequired though area5 5 sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic sixfeetofplastictube andacontainer perhapsjustadrinkingcup tocatchthewater thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt toconstructaworkingstill useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweighting 五年高考 a组统一命题 课标卷题组 thesheet scenterdownwitharock theplasticshouldnowformacone 圆锥体 with45 degree angledsides thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover andnomorethanthreeinch esabove thecup thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic groundwaterevaporates 蒸发 andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerial andfalloffintothecup whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 1 whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph a it sdelicate b it sexpensive c it scomplex d it sportable 2 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thewatercatcher inparagraph2referto a thetube b thestill c thehole d thecup 3 whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill a digaholeofacertainsize b putthecupinplace c weightthesheet scenterdown d covertheholewiththeplasticsheet 4 whenasolarstillworks dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom a theplastictubeb outsidetheholec theopenaird beneaththesheet 答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文 题材为科普实验类 文章具体描述了利用自制太阳能蒸馏器获取饮用水的方法 1 d细节理解题 根据第一段最后两句 尤其是尾句thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 可知该装置是可折叠的 便携的 portable 故答案为d项 2 b词义猜测题 根据第二段前两句可知 画线短语指代的是该段首句中的aworkingstill 故答案为b项 3 c细节理解题 根据第二 三段可知四个选项正确的顺序是a b d c 故答案为c项 4 d细节理解题 根据尾段前两句可知该装置是利用蒸发到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴 最后滴落到杯子中 故答案为d项 长难句thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole 接着把管子放在恰当的位置 使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到所挖坑的外部 本句为复合句 主句laythetubeinplace为祈使句 sothat引导目的状语从句 从句是and连接的并列句 inplace在恰当的地方 alltheway自始至终 高级语块1 substituten 代用品ponentn 零件 构成要素 成分3 productivityn 生产力 生产效率4 securev 把 弄牢5 falloffinto落入 注入 passage2 2017课标全国 b 词数 289ifirstmetpaulnewmanin1968 whengeorgeroyhill thedirectorofbutchcassidyandthesun dancekid introducedusinnewyorkcity whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilm itwant edsomebodyaswellknownaspaul hestoodupforme idon tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers thefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandthestingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandlivetv wewererespectfulofcraft 技艺 andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors humorous aggressive andmakingfunofeachother butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection thosewerealsoatthecore 核心 ofourrelationshipoffthescreen wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsomethingback hewithhisnewman sownfoodandhisholeinthewallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill andmewithsundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival paulandididn tseeeachotherallthatreg ularly butsharingthatbroughtustogether wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingup atevents ilastsawhimafewmonthsago he dbeeninandoutofthehospital heandibothknewwhatthedealwas andwedidn ttalkaboutit ourswasarelationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords 1 whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst a paulnewmanwantedit b thestudiopowersdidn tlikehisagent c hewasn tfamousenough d thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse 2 whydidpaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship a theywereofthesameage b theyworkedinthesametheater c theywerebothgoodactors d theyhadsimilarcharacteristics 3 whatdoestheunderlinedword that inparagraph3referto a theirbelief b theircareforchildren c theirsuccess d theirsupportforeachother 4 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext a toshowhisloveoffilms b torememberafriend c tointroduceanewmovie d tosharehisactingexperience 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 在电影界初出茅庐的作者得到了著名演员保罗 纽曼的支持 从而获得了一个重要的演出机会 他们建立了深厚的友谊 这份友谊一直持续到保罗 纽曼去世 1 c推理判断题 根据第一段中的 itwantedsomebodyaswellknownaspaul 可知 这家电影公司不想把这个角色给作者 是因为他们想把角色给像保罗这样出名的人 作者还不够出名 所以答案为c项 2 d细节理解题 根据第二段中的 bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors 可知 保罗和作者有着长久的友谊 是因为他们两个人有着相似的品质 所以答案为d项 3 a词义猜测题 根据本段第一句话 wesharedthebeliefthatif 可知 尽管他们不经常见面 但是正是那种信念让他们聚在了一起 由此推断出画线单词指的是他们的共同的信念 所以答案为a项 4 b推理判断题 文章开头作者介绍了自己与著名演员保罗 纽曼相识的情景 后面描述了两人的交往和深厚的友谊 最后一段指出两人的最后一面是在医院 由此推断出作者写这篇文章就是为了纪念自己的一位朋友 所以答案为b项 长难句wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsome thingback 我们有着相同的信念 那就是如果你足够幸运而成功了的话 你应该对这个世界有所回报 本句为复合句 句子的主干为wesharedthebelief that引导同位语从句 说明belief的内容 高级语块1 experiencen 经历2 berespectfulof尊重3 humorousadj 幽默的4 aggressiveadj 有进取心的 passage3 2016课标全国 b 词数 323ononeofhertripstonewyorkseveralyearsago eudoraweltydecidedtotakeacoupleofnewyorkfriendsouttodinner theysettledinatacomfortableeastsidecafeandwithinminutes an othercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable hey aren tyoufrommississippi theelegant white hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger i mfrommississippitoo withoutasecondthought thewomanjoinedtheweltyparty whenherdinnerpartnershowedup shealsopulledupachair theybegantellingmeallthenewsofmississippi weltysaid ididn tknowwhatmynewyorkfriendswerethinking taxisonarainynewyorknightarerarerthansunshine bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave itwaspouringoutside welty snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel herbig cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirbigappledinnerintoamississippistatereunion 团聚 myfriendsaid nowwebelieveyourstories weltyadded andisaid nowyouknow thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem sittingonasofainherroom welty aslimfigureinasimplegraydress lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation idon tmakethemup shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears idon thaveto beauticians bartenders pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats welty speoplecomefromafter noonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativejackson miss fromconversationsoverheardonabus itannoysweltythat at78 herleftearhasnowgivenout sometimes sittingonabusoratrain shehearsonlyafragment 片断 ofaparticularlyinterestingstory 1 whathappenedwhenweltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe a twostrangersjoinedher b herchildhoodfriendscamein c aheavyrainruinedthedinner d somepeopleheldapartythere 2 theunderlinedword them inparagraph6referstowelty s a readersb partiesc friendsd stories3 whatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinwelty sfiction a theyliveinbigcities b theyaremostlywomen c theycomefromreallife d theyarepleasureseekers 答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文 讲述了美国著名女作家eudorawelty在纽约旅游时的一次经历 她让朋友相信了她小说中的人物都来源于真实的生活 她善于和各种人交往 从而使她的小说真实 生动 1 a细节理解题 根据文章第三段 thewomanjoinedtheweltyparty whenherdinnerpartnershowedup 可以得知选a 干扰项为c项 虽然有大雨 但是没有破坏他们的晚餐 所以排除c选项 2 d词义猜测题 根据上文中的nowwebelieveyourstories可以推断出选d 3 c推理判断题 根据第八段中的idon tmakethemup和最后一段 可以推断出她的小说中的人物来自真实的生活 长难句taxisonarainynewyorknightarerarerthansunshine 在纽约的雨夜里 出租车比阳光还罕见 本句是个简单句 高级语块1 showup出现 露面2 makeup组成 化妆 编造3 giveout用完 耗尽 停止运转 passage4 2016课标全国 b 词数 294fiveyearsago whenitaughtartataschoolinseattle iusedtinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents iputasmallsetoftinkertoysinfrontofeachstu dent andsaid makesomethingoutofthetinkertoys youhave45minutestoday and45min uteseachdayfortherestoftheweek afewstudentshesitatedtostart theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo severaloth erscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided an othergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations onceihadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithtinkertoysinhisfreetime hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork hispresencemeantthatihadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect 感染 otherstu dents encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking withoutfailonewoulddeclare buti mjustnotcreative doyoudreamatnightwhenyou reasleep oh sure sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimagi native flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads that sprettycreative whodoesthatforyou nobody idoit really atnight whenyou reasleep sure trydoingitinthedaytime inclass okay 1 theteacherusedtinkertoysinclassinorderto a knowmoreaboutthestudentsb makethelessonsmoreexcitingc raisethestudents interestinartd teachthestudentsabouttoydesign2 whatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinparagraph3 a helikedtohelphisteacher b hepreferredtostudyalone c hewasactiveinclass d hewasimaginative 3 whatdoestheunderlinedword downside inparagraph4probablymean a mistake b drawback c difficulty d burden 4 whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams a tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity b tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits c tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory d tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 文章主要讲述作者在西雅图一所学校教学的时候为了更好地了解学生进行了一次小测试 并且有了新的发现 1 a细节理解题 根据文章第一段第一句中的iusedtinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents可知 作者在学期开始使用tinkertoys作为测试是为了了解学生的一些情况 由此判断a项符合题意 2 d推理判断题 根据文章第三段第四句herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork 可知 这个孩子在他的作品上极有创造力 由此判断他是有想象力的 故选d项 3 b词义猜测题 根据文章第四段第二句可知 作者鼓励这种思维就有失去那些有不同风格的思维的学生的危险 因此可判断这种行为有不利的方面 故选择b项 4 a推理判断题 根据文章最后一句中的trydoingitinthedaytime可知 作者要孩子们在白天尝试梦中的想法 由此判断作者让孩子们说出自己的梦的真正目的是让孩子们看到自己的创造性 故选a项 长难句hispresencemeantthatihadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents 他的出现意味着课堂上我突然有了一个教学助手 他的创造力会感染其他的学生 本句为复合句 其中that引导宾语从句 在宾语从句中whosecreativitywouldinfectotherstu dents为定语从句 关系词whose在从句中作定语 passage5 2016课标全国 c 词数 269iampeterhodes avolunteerstemcellcourier sincemarch2012 i vedone89trips ofthose 51havebeenabroad ihave42hourstocarrystemcells 干细胞 inmylittleboxbecausei vegottwoicepacksandthat showlongtheylast inall fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor 捐献者 tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient we vegot72hoursatmost soiamalwaysconsciousoftime ihadonetriplastyearwhereiwascaughtbyahurricaneinamerica ipickedupthestemcellsinprovidence rhodeisland andwasmeanttoflytowashingtonthenbacktolondon butwheniar rivedatthecheck indeskatprovidence theladyonthedesksaid well i mreallysorry i vegotsomebadnewsforyou therearenoflightsfromwashington soitookmyboxandputitonthedeskandisaid inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient please please you vegottogetmebacktotheunitedkingdom shejustdroppedeverything shear rangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme re routed 改道 methroughnewarkandgotmebacktotheukevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled forthiscourierjob you reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou vegotsomethingthatispotential lygoingtosavesomebody slife 1 whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword courier inparagraph1 a providerb deliverymanc collectord medicaldoctor2 whydoespeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours a hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong b thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong c theoperationneedsthatmuchtime d theicewon tlastanylonger 3 whichflightdidthewomanputpeteronfirst a tolondon b tonewark c toprovidence d towashington 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 文章主要介绍了作为干细胞运送志愿者的peterhodes在美国遇到飓风 航班被取消 后来得到帮助的经历 1 b词义猜测题 根据文章第一段可知从在捐献者身上取到干细胞到移植到病人身上最多有72小时的时间 由此可判断作者是干细胞的运送者 故选b项 a c d三项和作者的递送工作无任何关系 因此可排除 2 d细节理解题 根据文章第一段第三句可知作者有两个冰袋 而它们能持续的时间为42小时 故选d项 a项意为 他不能离开工作太长时间 b项意为 捐献者只能等那么长时间 c项意为 手术需要很长时间 3 b细节理解题 根据文章第二段倒数第一句 re routedmethroughnewark 可知选b项 长难句forthiscourierjob you reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody slife 对于这个递送的工作 你要意识到在那个箱子里你拥有的是有可能挽救别人生命的东西 本句为复合句 其中thatinthatboxyou vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesome body slife为宾语从句 而thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody slife则为定语从句 先行词为something passage6 2015课标全国 a 词数 261mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache iwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseihadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn tfit iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel irealizedthisadaylater whenisawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy fivedollarslessthanihadpaid thesetworkedsobeautifullywhenifirstgotithomethatiwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight for tunately ididn tgetanychannelsshowingall nightmoviesoriwouldneverhavegottentobed thenistarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic 静电 noise forsomereason whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds gradu ally thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow andtogetridofit ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork andihadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles 肌肉 shakingmyset whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway atlastiendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist anditstoppedworkingaltogether mytriptotherepairshopcostme 62 andthesetisworkingwellnow butikeepexpectingmoretrouble 1 whydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingthetvset a hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected b hecouldn treturnitwhenitwasbroken c hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice d hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit 2 whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase signedoff inparagraph1 a endedalltheirprogramsb providedfewerchannelsc changedtocommercialsd showedall nightmovies3 howdidtheauthorfinallygethistvsetworkingagain a byshakingandhittingit b byturningitonandoff c byswitchingchannels d byhavingitrepaired 4 howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory a curious b anxious c cautious d humorous 答案 语篇解读 本文作者以幽默的口吻介绍了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦 1 c推理判断题 根据第一段中 irealizedthisadaylater atseventy fivedollarslessthanihadpaid 可知 作者认为被愚弄买了电视机 是因为一天后他在看报纸的广告时得知自己多花了75美元 故选c 2 a词义猜测题 根据第一段最后一句 fortunately ididn tgetanychannelsshowingall nightmoviesoriwouldneverhavegottentobed 可知 画线短语的意思为 结束所有的电视节目 故选a 3 d细节理解题 根据文章最后一句话可知 最后作者不得不到维修店去修理电视机 让其重新工作 故选d 评析本题虽然属于细节理解题 但如果考生不注意审题 未抓住 finally 和 gethistvsetworkingagain 这两处关键内容 则容易误选a 4 d推理判断题 根据文章中多处细节及最后一句中 butikeepexpectingmoretrouble 可判断作者以幽默的口吻叙述了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦 故选d passage7 2015课标全国 c 词数 219salvadordali 1904 1989 wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists thepompidoucentreinparisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibi tionbringingtogetherover200paintings sculptures drawingsandmore amongtheworksandmas terworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces mostimportantlythepersistenceofmem ory thereisalsol enigmesansfinfrom1938 worksonpaper objects andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist sshowmanqualities thevisitorwillentertheworldofdalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning theworldofbirth theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain theexhibitionshowshowdalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities 无限 fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus amazingflemishaccuracyandtheshowybaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum theatreinfigueras explainsthepompidoucentre thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration 合作 withthemuseona cionalreinasofiainmadrid spain andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionslikethesalvador dalimuseuminst petersburg florida 1 whichofthefollowingbestdescribesdaliaccordingtoparagraph1 a optimistic b productive c generous d traditional 2 whatisdali sthepersistenceofmemoryconsideredtobe a oneofhismasterworks b asuccessfulscreenadaptation c anartisticcreationforthestage d oneofthebesttvprogrammes 3 howaretheexhibitsarrangedattheworldofdali a bypopularity b byimportance c bysizeandshape d bytimeandsubject 4 whatdoestheword contributions inthelastparagraphreferto a artworks b projects c donations d documents 答案 语篇解读 salvadordali是最著名的现代艺术家之一 为了对他表示尊敬和钦佩 巴黎pompi dou中心组织了一次他的作品展 1 b推理判断题 根据第一段第二句中的withanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paint ings sculptures drawingsandmore可知展览的作品种类繁多 由此可推断出dali是个 多产的 艺术家 2 a细节理解题 根据第一段中的amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces mostimportantlythepersistenceofmemory 可知a项正确 3 d细节理解题 根据第二段第二句theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubject 可知d项正确 4 a词义猜测题 最后一段指出 展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的 包括来自st pe tersburg的salvadordali博物馆的艺术品 故选a项 passage8 2014课标全国 c 词数 276oneofthelatesttrends 趋势 inamericanchildcareischineseaupairs aupairinstamford conn forexample hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforchineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4 000since2004 andthat strueallacrossthecountry ithoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnchineseatanearlyage josephstocke themanagingdirectorofacompany saysofhis2 year oldson iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25 year oldwomanfromchina theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicchinesedailyexpressions hisdadsays lidrake achinesenativeraisingtwochildreninminnesotawithanamericanhusband hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromchina shedidn twantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots becauseiamchinese myhusbandandiwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto 接触 thelan guageandculture shesays stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom sayssuzanneflynn aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders completemasterydemandscontinuedlearn inguntiltheageof10or12 thepopularityofaupairsfromchinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofameri canparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnchinese itisexpectedthatamericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears 1 whatdoestheterm aupair inthetextmean a amotherraisingherchildrenonherown b achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome c aprofessorinlanguageeduc