中考英语 常考易错点 专题十二 非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词易错清单1. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it” 来代替,称为形式主语,真正主语(不定式)放在句尾。如:collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有:its difficult (important,necessary)for sb. to do.its kind (good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)of sb. to do.(3)常用动名词作主语的句型有:its no good (use,fun)doing.it is a waste of time.2. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别stopto do停下来去做做另一件事doing停止做停止正做的事forgetto do忘记要去做某事未做doing忘记做过某事已做过rememberto do记住去做还未做doing记得做过已做regretto do对要做的事遗憾未做doing对做过的事遗憾已做tryto do努力去做 未做doing试着做meanto do打算/想做doing意味着go onto do继续去做做另外一件事情doing接着做原先没做完的事they stopped to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。 i must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。he forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。 dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?i regret to tell you that you cant pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。i regret disturbing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。 why didnt you try riding a bike to go to school?为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?i meant to give you this book today,but i forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。 missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。3. 动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have 等动词既可跟不带to的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补。跟不带to的不定式做宾补表事情全过程或一次性动作;跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。如:i heard her sing an english song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。i heard her singing an english song when i passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。4. 现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。如:an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)the excited listeners 激动的听众(被动,即被引起激动的)a moving film一部感动人的影片a moved audience 受感动的观众(2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。如:the changing world正在变化着的世界the changed world已经起了变化的世界developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家5. have sb. do sth. ;have sb. doing;have sth. done辨析(1)have sb. do sth.“have+sb. (宾语)+do sth. (宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词,sb. 作宾语,其后的do sth. 是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:ill have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。(2)have sb. /sth. doing“have+sb. /sth. (宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语 sb. /sth. 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:dont have the dog barking much.别让狗狂吠不停。(3)have sth. done“have+sth. (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。如:he has had his hair cut. 他(请人给他)理发了。6. 含doing短语常见的有:have difficulty /trouble/problem/fun/a good time +(in)+doing; feel like doing =would like to do 想要做某事; spend time (in)doing sth 花费时间做某事; go+doing表示“从事某项活动”; be busy doing 忙着做; make a contribution to doing 为作贡献;devote to doing 致力于; look forward to doing 期待; prefer doing to doing 两者更喜欢; be used to doing 习惯于提分策略1. 辨别谓与非谓先看四个选项:如果四个选项分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。【例1】(2014江苏镇江8) spring bud project is an organization that raises moneypoor young girls return to school. a. to saveb. saving c. helpingd. to help【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。句意:春蕾计划是一个筹钱帮助贫困女孩返回学校的组织。本句中to help poor young girls 为动词不定式作目的状语。故选d。【答案】d【例2】(2013四川内江36)he hurried back homehis schoolbag.a. fetchedb. to fetchc. fetchingd. fetches【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。这里是用不定式作目的状语,构成:他匆忙回家去取书包。所以选择答案b。【答案】b2. 熟记习惯搭配学习非谓语动词时,要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到有关问题就会迎刃而解。【例1】(2014江苏扬州13)some children cant afford necessary stationary.lets donate our pocket money to them.a. buyb. buying c. to buyd. be bought【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。afford后面跟不定式;与buy连用,意为“买不起”。故选c。【答案】c【例2】(2014江苏淮安15)what bought joy to linda just now? .a. received a gift b. she received a giftc. receiving a gift d. because she received a gift.【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意和句子结构判断,收到礼物给琳达带来快乐,应该动名词短语做句子主语,所以排除a、b、d三项。故选c。【答案】c专项训练1. (2014山东济南53)what an amazing woman li na is! yes,she has got the second grand slam. she keeps . and never gives up.a. tryingb. to try c. triedd. tries2. (2014江苏南通一模10) sometimes,jim feels stressed,but he doesnt know about it. he can get help from his teachers.a. who to talkb. when to talkc. who to talk tod. when to talk to3. (2014湖北鄂州27)if people cutting down the forest,they will have nowhere.so we should do our best to protect the forests.a. keep;to liveb. will keep;to live inc. keep;to live in d. will keep;to live4. ( 2014江苏东台5) he lost his key. it made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return.a. to stayb. stayed c. staysd. stay5. (2014贵州遵义36) mike is learning a computer.a. how can he useb. how to usec. how he use 6. (2014湖北鄂州34)lisa is a shy girl.yeah,she prefers to .a. listen;give a speechb. listening;give a speechc. to listen;giving a speechd. listening;giving a speech7. (2013河南)our english teacher does what he canus improve our english.a. helpb. to helpc. helpingd. helped8. (2013河南)boys and girls,attention,please. now let me tell youto the bird island.a. how to getb. what to getc. whom to getd. where to get9. (2013天津)whenever you have a chance english,you should take it.a. speakb. to speakc. spoked. speaks10. (2013安徽)why are you so excited?peter invited me on a trip to yuntai mountain.a. to gob. goc. goingd. went11. (2013四川雅安)the book is well worth. i plan one.a. read;to buyb. reading;buyingc. reading;to buy12. (2013四川自贡)many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreamstrue.a. comeb. camec. comes13. (2013浙江杭州)when people want to relax themselves,they prefer tv or listen to music rather than newspapers.a. watching;readb. watching;to readc. to watch;readd. to watch;reading14. (2013江苏南京)what bad weather it was! we decided.a. to go outb. not to go outc. to not go outd. not going out15. (2013江苏苏州)it is very important for usenglish well.a. learnb. learningc. to learnd. learned参考答案与解析1. a解析:考查动名词的用法。keep doing sth.(继续做某事)是固定搭配。故选a。2. c解析:考查不定式短语的用法。疑问词加不定式构成不定式短语在句中作宾语,应该用talk to与疑问代词who构成不定式短语,不能用疑问副词when。故选c。3. a解析:考查动名词的用法。keep doing sth. (继续做某事)是固定搭配。该句是条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态。主句中之后用不定式作状语。故选a。4. d解析:考查不定式的用法。make sb do sth. (迫使某人做某事)是固定搭配。故选d。5. b解析:考查不定式短语的用法。learn how to do sth.(学会做某事)是固定搭配。故选b