高考英语阅读理解精品抓分训练（39）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（39）及答案 阅读理解- cthe united nations environment program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. an estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. yet only the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. it says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.sylvie lemmet, director of the u.n. environment program, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. for example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or oda, for health care in sub-saharan africa.she says: if you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-saharan africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion u.s. dollars in 2009. this is higher than the total oda that is going to the health sector in the same area.the program estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. by 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in africa and the middle east and 33 percent in latin america. one of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.the u.n. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. it says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.63. the purpose of paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that _.a. the use of pesticide is wasteful.b. africa needs more development aid.c. chemicals have a high production cost.d. estimated cost of chemicals is inaccurate.64. which of the following is not a source of danger according to the text?a. pesticides. b. fertilizer. c. heavy-metal. d. mineral.65. according to the text what is the main reason for chemicals risks?a. poor management of chemicals.b. lack of research funds on chemicals.c. the mass production of cement and textilesd. contradiction between chemical producers and governments.66. what would be the best title for the text?a. the truth in sylvie lemmets comments.b. a un warning about chemical dangers.c. the unpredictable future of chemical industry.d. preventing: much better than curing.【参考答案】63-66 adabc42013江苏卷 aguest servicesfront gate guest services can help you with anything from finding out what time your favourite show starts to purchasing tickets.the guest services location inside front gate also serves as a message centre，lost childrens area and lost and found.canadas wonderland does not offer personalized public paging(传呼)food&drink optionsshops are located throughout canadas wonderland.picnic baskets and coolers are welcome at the shelter located outside wonderland on the north side of our front gate.outside food and drinks are not allowed in the park.bottled water may be brought into the park.atmsatms are located just inside the park beside stroller，locker and wheelchair rentals at the front gate，as well as kidzville(beside guest services)，splash works(two locations)，and outside thunder run.pet carea pet care facility is located outside our front gate on the south side for a daily fee.water and airconditioned shelters are provided.guests are asked to provide food and exercise.first aidif you need medical assistance，tell any park employee who will call first aid and have them come to your location.stroller，locker and wheelchair rentals stroller, locker and wheelchair rentals are available inside the park at the front gate, beside thrills are wonderland.smoking policysmoking is not permitted while riding or standing in line for rides or in any of the childrens areas or the water park. smoking is permitted in designated(指定的)areas only. failure to observe all park rules could result in being driven out of the park without refund.56.the leaflet is to inform visitors of the parks_.aadvanced management bthrill performancescentertainment facilities dthoughtful services57a visitor to the park can _arent a stroller outside front gate bask for first aid by thunder runcsmoke in the water park dleave his pet at kidzville【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文，是加拿大游乐园的旅游指导宣传页。作者通过描述游客服务、饮食选择、atm机服务、宠物的照料、急救、婴儿车、储物柜和轮椅的租用及吸烟的规定等方面，为游客的旅游提供全方位的指导服务。56d细节理解题。文章主要介绍了游乐园的顾客服务，有饮食选择、宠物护理、急救措施等周到的服务，故选d项。57b细节理解题。根据first aid一栏中的信息可知，来园的游客可以要求急救，故选b项。而a项应是在前门内；c项应是在指定的区域可以吸烟，而不是在水上公园；d项中宠物应留在前门外并要求游客提供食物，故a、c和d错。阅读理解-dangry birds is a video game developed by finnish computer game developer rovio mohile.inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds,the game was first released for apples mobile operating system in december 2009.since then, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from apples app store. with its fast-growing popularity worldwide, the game and its characters-angry birds and their enemy pigs-have appeared in televion programs throughout the world.the israeli comedy a wonderful country ,one of the nations most popular tv programs,satirized(讽刺) recent failed israeli-palestinian peace attempts by featuring the angry birds in peace negotintions with the pigs.clips of the segment (片段)went viral, getting viewers from all around the world.american television hosts conan obrien ,jon steward ,and daniel tosh have referenced the game in comedy sketches for their programs,conan,the daily show,and dash. o. some of the games more famous fans include prime minister david cameron of uk,who plays the ipad version of the game,and author salman rushdie,who is believed to be “something of a master at angry birds.”angry birds and its characters have also been featured in advertisements in different forms.in march 2011,the characters began appearing in a series of advertisements for microsofts bing search engine.in the same year,nokin produced an advertisement in austin, texas that included the games characters on a downtown building for its new mobile phone.later,a t-mobile advertisement filmed in spain included a real-life mock-up(实物模拟)of the game in a city center .nokin also used the game in malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest number of people playing a single mobile game.angry birds has even inspired works of philosophical analogy（哲学类比）.a five-part essay with the title” angry birds yoga（瑜伽）”-how to eliminate the green pigs in your life”was written by giridhari dasar in brazil ,utilizing the characters and gameplay mechanics to interpret various concepts of yoga philosophy.the piece attracted much media attention for its unique method of philosophical presentation.67.what is the purpose of the passage?a.to explain how the video game angry birds was devised.b.to investigated why angry birds has quickly become well-liked.c. to introduce angry birds characters in tv programs and advertisements.d. to report on the spread of angry birds in different media around the world .68.which of the following is closed in meaning to the word “viral “in paragraph 2?a.apparent b.popular c.exciting d.disgusting 69.according to the text, which of the following persons is good at playing angry birds?a.salman bushdie b.conan obrien c. giridhari dasar d. daniel tosh70. which of the following is true about the use of angry birds according to the text?a. it has been used by uk prime minister to expain political issues.b.its characters are used in advertisements mainly for apples products.c. it has been developed into a film about the life of a brazilian yoga master. d. its real-life mock-up has appeared in an advertisement for mobile phones. 参考答案 67-70 dbad时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.which of the following is not mentioned?3.all of the following are true except.4.according to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the u.s.this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon.it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.the elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco.thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936.later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a president of the united states.hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of arizona and nevada.q：hoover dam lies_ . a.between arizona and nevadab.in the black canyonc.between new york and san franciscod.both a and binvited by mr.ye huixian，host of the well-received tv programme“stars tonight”，miss luo lin，miss asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the shanghai tv screen last sunday. born in shanghai and taken to hongkong when she was only six years old，luo lin has never dreamed of being miss asia.her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in cathay airline for seven years.however， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the asia tv station.“its really a hard job for me.i wont enter for such competition any more.anyhow，i am quite lucky.i am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since i won the title.this time，in shanghai，id love to make a deep impression on my tv audience，”said luo lin with a sweet smile.q：which of the following is not true?a.luo lin is a native of shanghai.b.luo lin moved to hongkong with her parents.c.luo lin won the title of miss asia in 1991.d.asia tv station helped luo lin to become miss asia.【解析】a、c和d项都可在原文找到答案，而b项原文所给的是：taken to hongkong可判断不是moved to hongkong with her parents，因此选b。 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.what would be the best title for the text? 2.what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.what is the passage mainly about?4.the main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.we can infer from the passage that_.2.what can be inferred from the passage?3.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?4.it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.5.the author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.the writer implies that_.7.it can be inferred that_.8.it can be concluded from the passage that_.9.on the whole,we can conclude that_.10.from the text we can conclude that_.11.after reading the passage we may conclude that_.12.what conclusion can be drawn from the passage?13.the author is inclined to think that_.14.when the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.in the writers opinion,.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如it can be inferred from the passage that.；it can be concluded from the passage that.等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3