2014考前翻译.doc

(1) 1. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。2.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills， which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. .大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的3. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。4. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. 人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。5.The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society. 这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。 (2) 1. _ (随着工商业的发展)，the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced. With industries and business developing quickly本句意为：随着工商业的发展，许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。“随着”要用介词with或along with。“工商业”既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick development of industries and business.2. Travel can widen our knowledge， _ (扩大我们的眼界)，and make one open-minded as well.句中的短语widen our knowledge意思是“扩大我们的眼界”，make one open-minded是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，在翻译时应尽量避免wordiness(用词累赘)。本句还可以译成：expand our vision或extend our sight3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities， _ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染) which has seriously polluted the environment.“这已经对环境造成了严重的污染”中的“这”显然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities，这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成：which has brought serious pollution to the environment。4. Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century， as long as we _(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work. . hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea本句意为：只要我们坚持以经济建设为中心，那么在21世纪上半叶实现现代化是完全可能的。本题考查固定短语“坚持认为”的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考：persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea等。5. He was convinced on the basis of _(当时已出现的情况)that there would be a long and difficult struggle. what had appeared by then“情况”在这里没必要直译成situation或case，本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信，因而可以用what引导作basis后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是，“当时已出现”要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then与过去完成时态想一致，也可以用at that time。 (3) 1. _ (他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. Their only son has never thought2. Before you take any action， please remember to _ (权衡你的决定会产生的后果). weigh your decision against its possible consequences.3. He assured his friend that under no circumstances _ (他会违背还钱的承诺). would he break/breach his promise/commitment to pay back the money.4. Most educators advise that kids _ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏). should not be addicted to computer games. / should not indulge themselves in computer games / should not abandon themselves to computer games.5. Business major as he is， he has _ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作).never considered working as a salesman.(4) 1、The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.we hand in our research report(s)由require引导的that宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候应该用虚拟语气，即：require that sb. (should) do sth.通常should可以省略。required用过去时态是个干扰项，如果考生没有注意到虚拟语气的话可能就会把需填补部分的动词“交”错译成handed in. 类似的动词还有：advise，ask，beg，command，decide，decree，demand，desire，determine，insist，move(建议)，order，prefer(宁愿)，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest(建议)，urge(极力主张)，vote等。类似的形容词有：advisable，appropriate，better，best，desirable，essential，fitting，imperative，important，impossible，incredible，insistent，natural，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，ridiculous，strange，surprising，urgent，vital等。句末的by Wednesday表示在某个时间之前，这虽然不是本题考点，但考生应该看到by Wednesday和on Wednesday的区别。2、Though a skilled worker， _ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis. he was fired by the company很多同学在口语表达中容易说成thoughbut，这是受了汉语母语负迁移的影响，在书面语中是绝对不允许的。让步状语从句though和but绝对不能同时出现在一个句子里，就像because和so一样。“解雇”在英语里有很多表达：fire，dismiss，kick out，throw out，sack等。Though a skilled worker是Though he was a skilled worker的省略表达。考生还要注意分析本题的逻辑关系：前后两个部分是转折含义，大的转折中又包括一个小的因果。3、It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _ (是由行车不慎造成的). arose from careless driving本题考查惯用搭配。“行车不慎”可以翻译成careless driving;“由造成”用arise from。译为：据报道，城市里65%的交通事故是由行车不慎造成的。arise主要用于指无形的、抽象的东西的出现或产生;arise from表示“由引起”，“因产生”，下列搭配也可用来表达这一意思：be caused by，bring on，result in，give rise to等。考生容易将rise与arise混淆：rise通常指起身或用于事物自动升起或映入眼帘，还可以指水、价格等上涨。例如：That candidate rose to his feet to deliver his speech.(那位候选人站起来发言。)4、 _(希特勒是武装到牙齿的)when he launched the Second World War，but in a few years，he was completely defeated. Hitler was armed to the teeth本题需要用直译法翻译。通过前面的讲解大家已经知道，直译法是按照原文的表层意思进行翻译，它的好处是不仅保留了原文的内容也保留了原文的形象、比喻、民族地方色彩等。“武装到牙齿”是说军队装备精良，战备充分，具有较强抵御和攻击能力。有同学可能会意译成Hitler prepared very well或Hitler had strong armed forces或Hitler prepared first-class military equipment，意译并没有错，但在内涵、力度和韵味上就远没有原文生动形象，表达起来枯燥乏味。“武装到牙齿”是一个汉语习语，英文里恰好也有一个习语be armed to the teeth，含义相同，韵味不减。5、They are having a discussion _(目的是寻找改善质量的途径) to find ways to improve the quality本题考查不定式作后置定语。discussion是后置定语修饰的中心词。“目的是”可以用in order to，so as to，to来表示。不定式作后置定语从句都可以转换成：“Whose purpose is to”的结构，如：They are having a discussion whose purpose is to find ways to improve the quality.(他们正在进行一场目的为想办法提高) (5) 1. If he should go to Qing Hua University， he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。2. If he were to come here， he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。3. If he were free， he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。4. If he studied at this school， he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。5. If I had seen the film， I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。6. If I had got there earlier， I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。(6) 1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。2. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。3. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 (7)1.Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention， one of which is that. 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是。2.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse， however， people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看法;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)3.As society develops， people are attaching much importance to. 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.4.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。5.As to whether it is worthwhile .， there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. ：关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。6.In the process of modern urban development， we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。7.Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern， some people are in alarm that. 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。8.The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history， with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization， more problems are brought to our attention. 人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。9. plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world， there comes a question， is it a blessing or a curse? _显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：我们该如何抉择?10.Now we are entering a new era， full of opportunities and challenges，现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。(8)1._ (通过体育锻炼)，we can always stay healthy. . By taking exercises锻炼可以用名词也 可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式，through表示途径。By taking exercises /Through exercises。往往by 用于by + doing，而through后接名词。2.By practicing these， I have beenable to _ (在智育方面我一直能不断进步). make constant progress in intellectual education不断进步是指不断取得进步，“取得进步”用短语make progress。“不断”应选择constant。“在智育方面”作状语置于句末。3._ (我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge. On no account can we本题是强调语气，强调“决不能”，所以联想到on no account ，by no means，at no time，in no case等。不管用哪一个， 都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的，因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。4._(没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评)than Internet. No invention has received morepraise and abuse本题考察关于“没有比更”的表达，前后比较的是物“其他发明”与“因特网”。它的基本结构是：no + sth. .more than.。也可以用于人的比较。5.Faced with failure，some people canstand up to it， _ (从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.draw useful lessons from it本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成，谓语动词分别是stand up to ”汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断，从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标，因此加上修饰语useful，使内容更明确(9)1. _ (批评与自我批评是非常必要的)in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary本题考查名词用法。了解了“批评”和“自我批评”的表达法之后直译就可以了。题干中的in that意为“由于，因为”。2. Frequently single-parent children take on some of the functions that _ (这些义务本来由他的父亲或母亲履行的). .the absent adult in the house would have served本题考查定语从句和时态，从“本来由他的父亲或母亲履行”可知，此处应用过去完成时。3. Despite _ (机票涨价)，most people still prefer to travel by plane. the increase in airfares本题考查despite的用法，despite 考试大意思是“尽管，不顾”，后面接名词或名词性词组。4. _ (工人们的要求是适度的)，they only asked for a small raise in their wages. The workers demands were moderate本题考查形容词moderate，moderate意思为“不过分的，适度的”。5. _ (我宁愿出来找工作)instead of moping around here every day.I would rather go out to look for a job.本题考查短语结构，would rather+动词原形，表示“宁愿”。(10) 1. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。2. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。3. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。4. When it comes to education， the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。5. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。6. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。7. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。8. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus， which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。9. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem： the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. ：无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。10. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。(11) 1. A dog has won a German government award _ (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀). for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide.本句考查的是句子逻辑关系。根据意思可知，句子前半句是果，后半句是因。“一只狗因为协助警方阻止了一名妇女的自杀而获德国政府奖项”。英语通常把表示目的、假设、原因、让步等内容放在句子的后部，因此这句话可以由because，for来引导。“自杀”有一个固定短语commit suicide，“劝阻”要用强调结果成功的persuade。2. The manager points out _ (我们的工作进展令人满意). that our work is progressing satisfac torily.本题考查词性的转译，即：将原汉语句子中的动词“令人满意”转移成英语的副词satisfactorily。这种词性转换是翻译常用技巧，适当的转换可使译文通顺，符合英文表达习惯。另外，句子需填入部分在全句中充当宾语从句，因而不能漏译that。3. _ (这栋房子需要现代化)：it has no bathroom or electricity. This house needs modernizing本题同样考查汉英词性转换技巧。全句意为：这栋房子既没有浴室也没有电，(因而)需要现代化。“现代化”在汉语里是一个名词，在这个句子中实际上指的是“房子”需要配置现代化设备，它的含义不等同于modernization，“配备现代化设施”可以用modernizing来表示。英语里很多以-ing结尾的动词表示该动作的过程，通常与need连用，如：These clothes need washing. 本题是从名词到动词的转换。4. _(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced. When the plane is to take off本题考查的是以连接副词when引导的主语从句的翻译。中文意思是：飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布。这样的主语从句一般可以采用顺序法翻译。顺序法同样也适用于以that，what，whatever，who，whoever，where，how，why等引导的主语从句。如：认识他的人都信任他。(Who knows him will believe him.)本题的另一个考点是：“什么时候起飞”是一个将来时态，可以用be to来表达。5.His idea is _(应该立即执行计划).that the plan should be carried out immediately本题综合考查了表语从句、无主语翻译以及惯用搭配。首先，His idea is前半部分是一个完整的主谓结构，句子需填入部分在全句中充当表语;其次，“应该立即执行计划”中“计划”是被用来执行的，但是题干中并没有提到谁会来执行这个计划。因此，在主语没有出现的情况下，可以采用被动译法。“执行计划”在英语里可以用carry out the plan，perform the plan，implement the plan来表示。(12)1. _ (随着工商业的发展)，the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced. With industries and business developing quickly“随着”要用介词with或along with。“工商业”既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick development of industries and business.2. Travel can widen our knowledge， _ (扩大我们的眼界)，and make one open-minded as well. broaden our horizon句中的短语widen our knowledge意思是“扩大我们的眼界”，make one open-minded是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，在翻译时应尽量避免wordiness(用词累赘)。本句还可以译成：expand our vision或extend our sight.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities， _ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染). which has seriously polluted the environment“这已经对环境造成了严重的污染”中的“这”显然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities，这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成：which has brought serious pollution to the environment。4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century， as long as we _(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea本题考查固定短语“坚持认为”的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考：persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea等。5. He was convinced on the basis of _(当时已出现的情况)that there would be a long and difficult struggle.what had appeared by then“情况”在这里没必要直译成situation或case，本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信，因而可以用what引导作basis后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是，“当时已出现”要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then与过去完成时态想一致，也可以用at that time(13) 1.I suggested he _ (使自己适应) his new conditions. should adapt himself to suggest作“建议”时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型suggest that sb.(should)do sth.”结构;从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise等。adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于，其他搭配： adapt from 根据改写/改编2. What a lovely party! Its worth_( 牢记一生 ). remembering all my lifeBe worth doing/值得做某事，还有说法是worth sth. 如：He is worth the praise.3. If you wont agree to our plan，_( 他们也不会同意 ). neither will they neither表示“两者都不”， 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。如：If you wont go， neither will I.4. His remarks left me _( 想知道他的真实目的 ). wondering about his real purposeleave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事5. If you had_ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦)followed my advice， you would not be in trouble now.虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法 。从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + 主句：主语+ would (should， could ， might) + 动词原形+ (14) 1.In this way， I believe that all the people may be able to _ (像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣). enjoy the bus ride like me“享受的乐趣”直接用enjoy翻译即可。“乘坐公交车”在这里相当于一个名词短语，因此应翻译成bus ride而不是take the bus。如果将句子翻译成enjoy taking the bus，意思就与enjoy the bus ride稍有区别。前者强调动态，表示某个动作的进行，后者强调静态，表示某一经常性习惯性做法。2.According to the scientific research ， _ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true? listening to music enables us to feel relaxed“听音乐”在句中作主语，应该使用动名词短语作句子的主语。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实，enable就有“能够使某人”的含义，注意enable sb. to do sth.的表达。3.According to a recent survey， four million people _ (死于与吸烟有关的疾病)each year. die of diseases linked to smoking本句意为“由最近调查显示，每年有400万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病”。“死于”既可以用短语die of也可以用die from，但考生应注意两者用法上的区别。“与相关”可以选用related to，associated with，linked to。4.As is known to all， _ (假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers. fake and inferior commodities“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义：一是假货，二是次品，在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake，“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差，也可以用commodity of low quality。5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize _ (教育不能随着毕业而结束). that education is not complete with graduation“随着而结束/终结”要用be complete/ end with sth.，采用的是词性转换法。将句中的动词“结束”转换成英语里的形容词complete。当然，如果译成动词end也是可以的，即：that education can not end with graduation。另外，本句需填入的是一个从句，因此不能遗漏that。(15)1. Any government， which is blind to this point， may pay a heavy price. 任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。2.Nowadays， many students always go into raptures at the mere me