梅兰芳简介之中英文对照.doc

梅兰芳（18941961），京剧表演艺术家。名澜，字畹华。江苏泰州人，长期寓居北京。出身于梨园世家，8岁学戏，9岁拜吴菱仙为师学青衣，11岁登台。工青衣，兼演刀马旦。后又求教于秦稚芬和胡二庚学花旦。他刻苦学习昆曲、练武功、练功，广泛观摩旦角本工戏和其他各行角色的演出，经过长期的舞台实践，对京剧旦角的唱腔、念白、舞蹈、音乐、服装、化妆等各方面都有所创造发展，形成了自己的艺术风格，世称“梅派”。梅兰芳在艺术上的卓越成就引起了国外人士的重视，曾于1949年前先后赴日本、美国、苏联演出，并荣获美国波摩那学院和南加州大学的荣誉文学博士学位。梅先生还是一位伟大的爱国主义者，抗战期间蓄须明志，拒绝演出，靠写字卖画为生。解放后历任中国京剧院院长、中国戏曲研究院院长、中国文学艺术界联合会副主席、中国戏剧家协会副主席。1959年，加入中国共产党，并以65岁高龄，排演了最后一出新戏穆桂英挂帅。1961年8月8日因心脏病发作，在北京病逝。终年67岁。代表戏京剧有贵妃醉酒、霸王别姬等；昆曲有思凡、游园惊梦等。所著论文编为梅兰芳文集，演出剧目编为梅兰芳演出剧本选集。梅派艺术传人有李世芳、张君秋、言慧珠、杜近芳、梅葆玖等。 日伪讹诈愤然毁画 梅兰芳有一笔演出的收入，在赴港时，曾带往香港存入银行。可是返回上海不久，日寇统治下的香港将这笔高额存款全部冻结，无法取出。一直靠利息过日子的梅兰芳，家庭生活顿时举步维艰，夫人说：“最近报纸登出了何香凝女士卖画谋生的消息，我们不妨也来学她。发挥你的绘画才能，卖画度日如何？”其实梅兰芳早有这种念头，只是没有说出，怕夫人不同意。现在夫人主动说出来了，他自然点头称好。两人着手构思，夫人磨墨，丈夫绘画。不到八天，画了20多幅鱼、虾、梅、松。当市民看到醒目的“本店出售梅兰芳先生近日画作，欢迎光临”的广告时，争相购买。不到两天，20多幅画就全部卖完了。然而此消息不胫而走，日伪汉奸获知后互相勾结，肆意捣乱。梅兰芳夫妇目睹此景，气得两眼冒火，立即拿起桌上的裁纸刀，刺向一幅幅图画。“哗！哗！哗！”几分钟内国画化为碎纸。梅兰芳义愤填膺的毁画举动，很快传遍整个上海，也很快传向大江南北。上海当局的报纸抢先发布头号新闻，言称：“褚部长目瞪口呆，一场画展一场虚惊！广大群众也纷纷寄来书信，支持梅兰芳的爱国行动。梅兰芳看到全国人民对他如此赞赏和支援，感动得热泪盈眶，兴奋地对夫人说：“我梅兰芳再也不是一只孤燕了！” Mei lanfang(18941961), the artist of Beijing Opera performance, who Borned in Tanzhou, Jiangsu and resided in Beijing. His name is Lan , and his courtesy name is Wanhua. Mei came from a long line of theatre. When 8-year-old, he started to learn play performance. Mei acknowledged Wu Lingxian as his master in the following year. Then he made his debut in his 11 years old. His profession was ching i (usually a faithful wife role, lover or maiden in distress) and took tao ma tan as double. Later Mei learned hua tan (a vivacious young woman, a coquette), from Qin Zhifen and Hu Er. He worked hard in learning Kunqu opera, exercising gest, practicing his skill, viewing the plays of female role and all the other characters extensively. After long times stage practice, Mei progressed in the aspects of the aria of female role in Beijing opera, the spoken part, the dance performance, the music, the costume and the make-up. Thus he formed his own artistic style which was called “Mi School”.The preeminence of Mei Lanfang attracted the foreigners attention. He made his performances in Japan, American and Soviet Union before 1949. Whats more, he was honored with the honorary L.D. of American Bomona College and South California University. Mr.Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the perform opportunities, and made a living by writing and selling paints. After liberation, he served as director of China Beijing Opera Theater, director of the Chinese Opera Research Institute, vice-chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and vice-chairman of China association of artists. Mr.Mei admitted the Communist Party in 1959, and rehearsed the last new play “Mu Guiying is in command” at the ripe old age of 65. In 8th, August, 1961, Mr.Mei died of the hit of heart disease in Beijing. 67 years old at death.Mei Lanfangs representative works are as follows, Peking opera “The Drunken Beauty”, “Mu Guiying is in command” and so on; Kunqu opera “Long for the World” ,“Awakened from a dream in the garden” etc. Several of his articles and essays have been published in “The Collected Works of Mei Lanfang”. His performances have been published in “Selection of Beijing Operas Performed by Mei Lanfang”. The successors of Mei school artist are Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Yan Huizhu, Du Jinfang, Mei Baojiu, etc. Mei Lanfang possessed a performance income and had deposited it when he was in Hong Kong. However, the large sum of money was totally breezed by the Hong Kong bank which was under control of Japan and cannot be taken out. At that time, Meis family life even had difficulty in taking a step in that event, for he ever made a living only by the interest before. His wife said “The newspaper had printed the news that lady He Xiangning made a living by selling paints. How about following her action and exerting your ability of drawing for a living?” In fact, Mei already had this idea and hadnt claimed it because he had a fear that his wife would disapprove of it. Now that his wife had declared it initiatively, he certainly agreed with it. They embarked on the design, the wife rubbed down ink and the husband went on the drawing. Less than 8 days, they finished more than 20 paintings which are about fishes, shrimps, plums, pines. When the citizens saw the outstanding advertisement “this shop has the latest paintings drawn by Mr. Mei Langfang to sell, welcome your coming.” they all fell over each other in eagerness to buy the paintings. In two days, over 20 paintings were sold out.Nevertheless, this news spread like wildfire. The traitors to China got the news, then acted in collusion and caused a disturbance willfully. The Meis eyes were so flashing to saw this state of affairs that they picked up the paper knife on the desk and thrust towards the paintings. “Asizzling, Asizzling, Asizzling” all the traditional Chinese paintings were tore into waste papers.The behavior of ruining the paintings with a sense of outrage by Mr Mei was spread throughout the Shanghai, even the whole of the nation. The newspapers in Shanghai rushed one by one to issue the top news, read “all the ministers were stunned and speechless; an art exhibition,