【备考 志鸿优化设计】（湖南专用）中考英语总复习 专题十五 主谓一致（语法专项突破+系统梳理+提升演练）（含解析） 人教新目标版 (2).doc

语法专项突破专题十五主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。考点一语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。1当and或both.and.连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。tom and mike are from the us.a.汤姆和迈克都来自美国。both lucy and lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。2不定代词either，neither，each one，the other，another，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。is there anything wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病吗？no，there isnt.不，没有。everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。3由each，each.and each.，every，every.and every.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。each boy and each girl was given a new book.给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一本新书。4主语后接有with，along with，together with，as well as，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。mr.green with his wife and two daughters is coming to beijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5a number of名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of限定词名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。a number of trees were cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。the number of the students in our class is 32.我们班的学生人数为32。6“a lot of（lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of）名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。7由“a pair（a kind，a series.）of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs（kinds.）of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。a pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。fifty pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作50双鞋。8某些只有复数形式的名词（如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves.）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。my glasses were broken.我的眼镜坏了。9不定式或v.ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。reading is learning.读书就是学习。to see is to believe.眼见为实。考点二意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。1由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。the teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.那位老师兼作家下周要给我们作报告。the singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。2表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。3集体名词（如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。my family are going on vacation next month.我们一家人下个月要去度假。my family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。4people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the police are helping a girl find her parents.警察正在帮助女孩找父母。people there are living a happy life.那儿的人们生活得很快乐。5one and a half的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。one and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey.一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐。考点三就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致，这种原则叫做就近一致原则。1由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but（also）.，not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。not only my parents but also i am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。2there be.和here be.这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。there is a table with three legs in toms room.在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子。1（2012湖南常德中考，29）whats on the desk?there _ some books.abebarecis2（2012广东佛山中考，25）thanks to the organization，some money _given to the poor children.awas bwere care3the shoes under the desk _ bruces.ais bare chas4there _ lots of people at the restaurant when i got there.ais bwere care5physics _ more difficult than chinese，do you think so?yes，i think so.ais bare chas6two days _ enough for me to finish the work.i need a third day.aisnt bis carent7i as well as you _ good at math.aam bis care8my uncles family _ a happy one.now the whole family _ having a birthday party for my cousin.ais；are bare；is cis；is9neither my father nor my mother _ rock music.they think that its too _.alike；noise blikes；noise clikes；noisy10the number of the books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _ about science.ais bwas care11one of my friends _ moved to america.i miss her so much.ahas bhave cis12here _ some flowers and some money for you.ais bare chave13to collect stamps _ one of my hobbies.ais bare cwere14each of the students _ a new mp4 now.ahave bhas care15mike with his brother _ listening to the music very much.alikes blike cliking16two thirds of the girls _ thirteen years old.ais bare chas17walking after supper _ good for our health.ais bare chave18everyone but my parents _ gone to beijing.ahave bhas cis19this pair of shoes _ fifteen yuan.ais bare chas20the singer and writer _ from japan.aare bis ccome21which would you like，tea or coffee?either _ ok，but i prefer coffee _ milk.ais；with bis；to care；with22he is a doctor and his brother is a doctor，too.you mean both he and his brother _ doctors，right?ais bbe care23the news _ very interesting！tell me more.ais bare cwere24everyone except tom and john _ seen the film.ais bhas care25the students who _ handed in homework，stand up，please.aisnt barent chavent26here _ some picturebooks for you，bob.thank you a lot.aam bis care参考答案 专题十五主谓一致专题提升演练1bthere be结构的主语是some books，故be动词用are。2amoney是不可数名词，故be动词用was。3b句意：桌子下面的鞋子是布鲁斯的。主语是复数形式，因此谓语动词为are。4bthere be结构的谓语和最近的主语保持主谓一致，时间状语从句为一般过去时，故主句的谓语动词用一般过去时。答案为b项。5aphysics“物理”，在此容易被误当作复数名词，类似的还有maths。此类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。再由more difficult是形容词故其前面的谓语动词为be动词。答案为a项。6atwo days在此是一个整体概念，因此谓语动词用单数；再由句意“我还需要一天”，可知两天对于完成这项工作不够。7aas well as 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词和其前面的一致。8a句意：我叔叔的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。现在整个家庭正在为我的堂弟过生日。第一个family作为一个整体，因此谓语动词用单数；第二个family指家庭成员，因此谓语动词用复数。9cneither.nor.连接并列主语时谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致，故排除a项；noise“噪音”是名词，不可被副词too修饰；noisy“嘈杂的，喧闹的”是形容词，可以被副词too修饰，故答案为c项。10c由上一句的时态为一般现在时可排除b项，再由a number of引导的名词短语作主语谓语动词用复数可排除a项。11aone of.作主语时，谓语动词应该和one保持一致，而不是和of后面的复数名词或代词保持一致，故可排除b项；再由时态为现在完成时，故可确定答案为a项。12b句意：给你一些花和钱。在“herebe主语”结构中，谓语动词的人称和数应该与最近的一个保持一致。13a句意：集邮是我的爱好之一。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。14b句意：现在我们班里的每个学生都有一个新的mp4。不定代词each作主语强调个体，谓语动词用单数。15a句意：迈克和他的弟弟非常喜欢听音乐。with连接两个并列主语时谓语动词和其前面的主语一致。16b句意：这些女孩的三分之二是十三岁。由of后的主语是复数名词，因此答案为b项。17a句意：晚饭后散步对健康有好处。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。18b句意：除了我的父母，大家都去北京了。but，except等介词连接主语时，谓语动词要和其前面的主语一致。19a句意：这双鞋十五元。谓语要和名词短语中的核心名词pair保持一致。20b句意：这个歌手和作家来自日本。在该题中因the修饰了两个名词，因此主