体育游戏论文：体育游戏活动对促进幼儿体质的实验研究.doc

体育游戏论文：体育游戏活动对促进幼儿体质的实验研究【中文摘要】儿童时期是人的生理和心理发展的关键时期。然而,在全民健身运动在全国如火如荼地开展的今天,很少有研究来关注36岁的幼儿这一特殊的群体,使得适合于他们的健身方法远远少于其他年龄段儿童少年。而且对于36岁的幼儿或学龄前儿童,社会和家长一般比较关注他们的智力发展与物质供给,导致幼儿体能有所下降、身体素质不佳,肥胖问题比较严重。为解决这一问题,本文从幼儿园体育游戏活动干预措施出发,探索符合促进幼儿体质的教学形式和手段。本文采用整群抽样的方法,选取北京市某一级一类幼儿园为实验园,与其条件接近的另一所幼儿园为对照园。对实验园大班幼儿实施了6个月的干预,对照园未实施任何干预。本文的干预模式是,从相关核心概念、体育游戏的特点、幼儿身体发展的特点、体育游戏对幼儿体质发展的价值等各方面设计体育游戏,主要包括奔跑类游戏、跳跃类游戏、平衡性游戏、投掷类游戏、爬行类游戏、综合类游戏六大类游戏,共计93个游戏;并以适用性、科学性、趣味性、安全性等为原则对幼儿园大班进行体育游戏实验干预,对实验园幼儿进行体育游戏实验干预措施,总体干预时间为三年,本文研究为前期干预阶段,为期六个月,10次/周,30分钟/次,上下午各一次,最终以实验园和对照园幼儿体质各项指标平均增长水平的变化为主要因变量,检验体质干预方案的效果,为今后全面促进首都幼儿体质与健康水平进行推广模式的探索。为评估干预效果,本文分别对实验园和对照园进行了两次系统的测试,即干预前、干预6个月后体质测试。测试内容包括幼儿的身体形态、身体机能和身体素质。实验干预结果表明:(1)从身体形态指标来看,实验园男女组(以男女分组对比)幼儿的身高、体重、胸围、体脂率的平均增长水平略优于对照组,除男组体脂率具有统计学的显著性差异,其他组别无统计学意义。(2)从身体机能指标来看,实验园各组幼儿的安静心率和基础代谢平均增长水平略优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(3)从身体素质指标来看,男女组立定跳远、女组20米爬有非常显著性差异;男女组单脚站立、男组坐姿体前屈、女组双脚连续跳、女组走平衡木具有显著性差异,其他组别测试指标的平均增长水平优于对照园,但不具有统计学意义。经过干预,尽管部分指标并未表现显著的优越性,但几乎所有指标都已经呈现改善的趋势,并随着干预时间的延长,干预效果日趋明显,这说明本文设计的体育游戏干预方案在短期之内对促进幼儿体质水平难以产生显著效果,但随着干预时间的增加,幼儿的体质水平必然取得大幅度的提升。【英文摘要】Childhood is a critical period in their lifetime, during which time their physiology and psychology are developed. However, in the national fitness campaign carried out in full swing around the country today, there are so few studies to focus on this particular groupchildren aged 3 to 6, that the methods practicable to their fitness is far less than other age groups of children and adolescents. Moreover for the infants or preschool children aged 3 to 6, society and their parents tend to be more concerned about their intellectual development and material supply, causing children physical activity decline, poor physical fitness, obesity which is a more serious problem. To solve this problem, this paper starts with the interventions in kindergarten sports games to explore the teaching methods and forms beneficial to promote physical fitness of the infants.This paper adopted cluster sampling method. That is selecting a level of a class in kindergartens in Beijing as the experimental garden and finding the other one close to its condition in another nursery garden as a control group. Children in the experimental garden were implemented the intervention for 6 months, the control group received nothing.The model of this intervention is designing the sports games according to the relative core concepts, the features of sports games, the characteristics of physical development of children and the value of sports games implemented on physical fitness development of infants. And the sports games mainly conclude 6 kinds, totally 93 games. They are running games, jumping games, balance games, throwing game, crawling games and comprehensive games. On the basis of applicability, scientificity, fun and security principles the intervention in the experimental class lasted three years. The stage involved in this paper is the pre-intervention phase of this study, which is six months long. There are 10 times a week, 30 minutes each time, and one in the morning, another in the afternoon. Eventually taking the change of the average increasing level of physical fitness of experimental group and control group as the main dependent variable, we can test the effect of this intervention program on childrens physical fitness in order to explore the promotion mode of improve the level of fitness and health of children in Beijing.To assess the intervention effects, the paper conducted the systemic testing on the experimental group and the control one twicebefore and after the intervention. Test content included body shape, physical function and physical fitness of children.The results show that the experimental intervention: (1) in terms of the body shape indicators, the average growth rate of experimental garden group of men and womens (men and women are compared according to their sexuality) height, weight, chest circumference and body fat percentage slightly better than the control group. Only body fat percentage of male group has a statistically obvious difference.(2) On part of physical function indicators, the average growth rate of the basal metabolic and the quite heart rate of the children in experimental garden slightly better than the control group, but the difference didnt make sense statistically (3) With respect to the physical indicators, there were obvious differences among the standing long jump of men and women groups, 20 meters climb of female group; men and women groups of standing on one foot, male groups of sitting and reaching, female groups of continuously jumping with feet, female groups of performing in the balance beam. The average growth rate of the testing indicators of other groups surpassed the control kindergarten, but is not statistical.After intervention, although some indicators did not show obvious superiority, but almost all the indicators have been showing an improving trend, and with the extension of intervention, the result is increasingly clear which indicates that sports games designed to promote infants physical fitness in the short term is difficult to occur notable effect, but with the increase of intervention time, the level of childrens fitness will be improved greatly and surely.【关键词】体育游戏 幼儿体质 促进 干预【英文关键词】sports game children fitness promotion intervention【目录】体育游戏活动对促进幼儿体质的实验研究中文摘要5-6ABSTRACT6-71 前言8-151.1 选题依据81.2 研究目的81.3 研究意义8-91.4 研究任务91.5 文献综述9-151.5.1 关于国内幼儿体质研究现状9-121.5.2 关于国外幼儿体质研究现状121.5.3 本文核心概念的界定12-152 研究对象与方法15-162