Unit 1 Festivals Around the World (B 3).doc

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除Unit 1 Festivals Around the World (B 3)Section 1 Warming Up, Reading & Comprehending重点知识精讲一、重点单词1. celebrate vi& vt. 庆祝；庆贺；赞美；歌颂Were going to celebrate his sixtieth birthday. 我们打算庆祝他的六十大寿。He celebrated the surrounding mountains for their beautiful. 他赞美周围群山的美丽。Its a movie celebrating the life and work of Martin Luther King. 这是一部颂扬马丁路德金生平的影片。【知识拓展】celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动；颂扬celebrity n. 名人；名声celebrator n. 庆祝者celebrated adj. 著名的；闻名的【辨析】celebrate与congratulatecelebrate表示“庆祝；庆贺”之意，限于事务，如节日庆典、结婚纪念、生日庆贺等，指以仪式、典礼等活动庆祝令人欢乐的事或日子。congratulate指对人进行祝贺，表示“因某事向某人表示祝贺”用短语congratulate sb. on sth/ doing sth.，其名词可构成短语congratulations to sb. on sth/ doing sth.。We held a celebration t celebrate National Day. 为了庆祝国庆节，我们举行了庆典。We congratulated him on passing the examination. 我们祝贺他通过了考试。We offered our congratulations to them on their success. 我们对他们的成功表示祝贺。1. Beauty n. 5. u 美She was a woman of great beauty. 她曾经是个大美人。6. c 美丽的人或事物；极好的样品；范例She was a famous beauty in her youth. 她年轻时是个有名的美人。The last goal was a beauty. 最后进的那个球真漂亮。【知识拓展】beautiful adj. 美丽的；美好的beauty is only skin deep 美貌只是一层皮（外表没有隐蔽的或内在的素质那么重要）beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里初西施；对美的判别因人而异（4） starve vt. & vi （1） vt. & vi 挨饿；饿死Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数以百万计的人挨饿至死。The lady is starving herself trying to lose weight. 那位女士正在节食，试图减轻体重。（2） vi. 因缺乏而感到需要可用于短语“be starved of/ starve for”中，相当于long for, be in great need of，“渴望；急需；迫切需要”。The patients are starved of/ starving for medicine. 这些病人急需用药。These homeless children were starving for love. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到关爱。（3） vi. 感觉很饿（仅限于进行时态）When will the dinner be ready? Im starving. 晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。【知识拓展】starve for sth 渴望得到某物starve sb. of sth 使某人得不到某物而受苦starve to death 饿死be starving 非常饥饿starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死（1） origin n. （1） 起源；源头；起因Most coughs are viral in origin. 咳嗽大多是由病毒引起的。This particular custom has its origins in Wales. 这一独特风俗起源于威尔士。（2） 血统；背景；出身He has never forgotten his humble origins. 他从未忘记过自己出生卑微。【知识拓展】original adj. 原来的；起初的；首创的；独创的 n. 原件；原作；原稿originally adv. 原来；起初n. 原件；原作；原稿originally adv. 原来；起初originate v. 起源于；发端于；创建；发明originality n. 独创性；创意originate from 发源于in the original 用原著的语言；未经翻译的【辨析】origin与sourceorigin与source都有“起源”的意思，但侧重点不同。origin侧重指事情的起因或某物的开始。origin还有“身世；出身”的意思.The origin of the word remains obscure. 该词的来源尚不确定。source通常指问题的根源、起因，此外还有“（河流的）源头；原始材料；出处”的意思。Where is the source of the Rhine? 莱茵河发源于何处？He cited many sources for his book. 他在书中引用了许多资料。Poverty is a source of violence. 贫穷是暴力的一种根源。5. satisfy vt. & vi. （使）满意；（使）满足（后常接人）Nothing satisfies him.-he is always complaining. 什么都难如他的意-他老是抱怨。Some people are hard to satisfy. 有些人很难满足。 满足（需要、要求等）（后常接物）Our government tried in every way to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables. 我国政府千方百计满足人民对蔬菜的需求。【知识拓展】satisfying adj. 令人满意的；令人满足的satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的；圆满的；称心如意的satisfaction n. 满意；满足to ones satisfaction 令某人满意的是take satisfaction from 从中得到满足far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满意be satisfied with 对感到满意【辨析】satisfying, satisfied与satisfactory三者都是形容词，但语意各有侧重。satisfying所修饰的名词让人觉得满意货满足，意为“令人满意的；令人满足的”。a satisfying experience 令人满意的一次经历a satisfying meal 令人满意的一顿饭 satisfied指被修饰的人自己感到满足或满意，意为“满足的；满意的”。Im not satisfied with his behavior at all. 我对他的表现根本就不满意。Theres a satisfied experience on his face. 他脸上有种满足的表情。 satisfactory常用来修饰事物，指被修饰的事物能符合人的心愿或达到一定的目的、要求等，意为“令人满意的；称心如意的；圆满的”。He has a satisfactory excuses for his absence. 他缺席的理由令人信服。Of all these pens he tried, only one was satisfactory. 在他试过的所有这些钢笔中，只有一支是令他满意的。6. feast n. & v n. 盛宴；宴会When will the wedding feast be held? 婚宴什么时候进行？ n. （宗教的）节日；节期The feast of Christmas is drawing near. 圣诞佳节快要到了。 n. 赏心悦目的事物The evening was a real feast for music lovers. 这个晚上真是让音乐爱好者大饱耳福。 vi feast（on sth）宴饮；参加宴会；尽情享用（美味佳肴）They celebrated by feasting all day. 他们整天大吃大喝地庆祝。We were pleased to have a chance to feast on so many kinds of fish. 我们很高兴有机会吃到这么多品种的鱼。 vt feast sb.（with sth）设宴款待某人；宴请某人They feasted their guests with delicacies. 我们用美味佳肴款待客人。 feast ones eyes (on sb/ sth.) 尽情欣赏（某人/某物）；饱眼福She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley. 她饱览那山谷的美景。7. belief n. 信任；信心；信仰My belief is that the visiting team will lose. 我看客队会输。If youre selling, you have to genuine belief in the product. 如果你卖东西，你必须对这产品真正有信心。I find his behavior beyond belief. 我发现他的所作所为到了令人难以置信的地步。【知识拓展】believe v. 相信；信任belief in 相信；信任；信赖beyond belief 不可信；难以置信in the belief that + that-clause 相信to ones belief 据某人看来；就某人所知believe in sb. 信任某人believe it or not 信不信由你【注意】在英语中，以-f，-fe结尾的名词，在变复数时通常把-f，-fe变为-ves，如wifewives，knifeknives，wolfwolves，等。但下列词在变复数时，则直接加-s，如：gulf，serf， roof， belief，chief等。注意：handkerchief的复数形式既可用handkerchiefs也可用handkerchieves。8. trick n. & vt. n. U 诡计；恶作剧；伎俩；花招；窍门The girls were always plying tricks on the little boy. 这些女孩子总是捉弄这个小男孩。John taught me the trick of opening the bottle of wine properly. 约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。 vt. 哄骗；欺骗She tricked me into paying for her meal at the moment at the restaurant. 她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。She was tricked out of her life savings. 她被骗走了一生的积蓄。【知识拓展】the tricks of the trade 生意经do the trick 达到目的；获得成功get/ learn the trick of it 学会诀窍have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯play a trick/ tricks on sb. 捉弄某人trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物【注意】表示“玩弄；拿开玩笑”的短语有许多，注意其中的介词：make a fool of sb 愚弄某人make fun of sb. 拿某人开玩笑laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人play a joke on sb. 拿某人开玩笑9. poet n. 诗人A poet is always full of enthusiasm. 诗人总是充满激情。【知识拓展】poetess n. 女诗人poem n. 诗；韵文poetic adj. 诗的；诗歌的poetry n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作；优雅的气质poetic justice 报应；应有的惩罚【辨析】poem与poetrypoem意为“诗；韵文”，指具体的诗，是可数名词。poetry指“诗歌；诗集”，为诗的总称，是不可数名词；但作“诗意；优雅的气质”讲时，既可用作不可数名词，也可用作单数可数名词。10. arrival n. U;C 到达；抵达Guests receive dinner on/ upon arrival at the hotel. 旅客一到旅馆即可就餐。We apologize for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点而表示歉意。 C 到达者；抵达物The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats. 最早来到音乐会的人坐上了最好的座位。Were expecting a new arrival in the family soon. 我们家很快就会添一个新生婴儿。【知识拓展】arrive vi. 到达；抵达arrive at sth. 达成（协议）；做出（决议）；得出（结论等）arrive at/ in. sp 到达某地on/ upon (ones) arrival （某人）一到达arrive on the scene 来到现场【辨析】arrive，get to与reach三者都有“到达”之意。 arrive为不及物动词，其后接介词in或at，再接名词或代词作宾语，比较大的地点用in， 比较小的地点用at。Shell arrive in New York at noon. 她将正午到达纽约。The train arrived at the station 20 minutes later. 火车迟了20分钟到站。 get to表示“到达”时必须要用介词to再接名词或代词作宾语，后接here，there，home等副词时省去介词to。When did you get to the airport yesterday? 你们昨天什么时候到机场的？He set out to prepare supper as soon as he got home. 他一到家就开始准备晚饭。 reach为及物动词，其后直接跟名词或代词作宾语。Wh hadnt walked far before we reached a small village. 我们没走多远就到了一个小村庄。【注意】表示“一到达就”可用on arriving或on ones arrival/ on the arrival of sb.11. gain vt. & vi. & n. vt. & vi . 获得；赢得；（钟表）走快They stand to gain a fortune on the deal. 他们很可能会在这笔交易中发一大笔财。He gained full marks in the examination. 他考试得了满分。I hope you will gain by the experience. 我希望你从这次经历中有所收获。My watch is gaining five minutes a week. 我的表一周快五分钟。 n. 获得；获利；利润；收益；增加The company has made notable gains in production. 该公司在生产能力方面已经有了明显的提高。These policies have resulted in great gains in public health. 这些政策使公共卫生得到极大改进。【知识拓展】gain by/ from 从中获益gain time 赢得时间No pains, no gains 不劳无获。【辨析】gain，acquire与earn gain，“收获；获得”，指获得有用或必须的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加、奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。Im new in the job that Im already gaining experience. 我是做此项工作的新手，但我已经在取得经验。 acquire，“购得；得到（尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西）；获得；掌握（知识；技能等）”The museum has managed to acquire an important work by Dali. 博物馆设法弄到了达利（西班牙超现实主义画家）的一幅重要作品。 earn，“取得；赚得”，通常指工作挣钱。也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬等。He earns 400 a week. 他每周挣400英镑。He earned a lot of praise from the papers for the way he handled the strike. 由于对罢工一事处理得当，他博得了报界的不少好评。12. independence n. U独立；自主；自立Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960. 尼日利亚于1960年脱离英国而获得独立。A womans financial independence is very important. 妇女们的经济独立很重要。【知识拓展】independent adj. 独立自主的；不受约束的；不相关联的dependent adj. 依靠的；取决于的；隶属的dependence n. 依靠；依赖；信任depend v. 依赖；依靠gain independence from 从获得独立economic independence 经济独立be independent of 独立于之外；不受支配depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事That depends/ It all depends. 得看情况/视情形而定。【注意】尽管depend，dependence，dependent后常接介词on，但independent后面应接of；independence后常接from。13. gather vt. & vi. 搜索；集合；聚集 gather (sb/ sth) round (sb./ sth) 聚集；集合；召集；搜集Gather round and listen, children. 孩子们，围拢过来听我说。The whole family gathered round the piano to have a musical evening. 全家围在钢琴旁开音乐晚会。 gather sth (together/ up) 收集；收拢（分散的东西）Give me a moment to gather my notes together. 给我些时间整理一下笔记。 gather sth. (from sth.) 搜集；采集The little girl was gathering mushrooms in the field. 小姑娘正在田野里采蘑菇。The information was gathered from various sources. 这些信息是从各处搜集到的。 gather sth (in) 捡拾或收割（庄稼）The Harvest has been safely gathered in. 庄稼已妥善收获完毕。 gather from (sb/ sth.) 从推测；从获悉I gathered from the way she replied that she wasnt very enthusiastic. 从她的回答来看，她并不十分热心。 gather sth. round = gather sth. up 将（衣服）向身体收拢She gathered the shawl round her shoulders. 她用披肩把自己裹紧。 vi. & vt. 增加（某事物）The darkness is gathering. 夜色渐浓。The car gathered speed. 汽车速度逐渐加快了。 vt. 聚集或几种（某事物）以尽力；鼓起；唤起She sat there trying to gather her thoughts before making her speech. 她坐在那里，努力集中思维准备发言。【知识拓展】gathering n. 集会；人群的聚集【辨析】gather与collectgather为最普通的用语，指把分散的、不在一起的东西收集起来。She gathered up her scattered belongings and left. 她把自己散乱的物品收好就走了。collect指有意识、有目的地收集某种物品，多作为爱好。Tom likes collecting stamps in his spare time. 汤姆业余时喜欢收集邮票。14. agricultural adj. 农业的；农艺的The agricultural policy of China is beneficial to the peasants. 中国的农业政策对农民有利。Agricultural development of a country used to play an important part in its economy. 一个国家的农业政策曾在它的经济中起重要作用。【知识拓展】agriculture n. 农业；农艺；农学industry n. 工业industrial adj. 工业的【注意】“-al”是一个常见的构成形容词的后缀，许多名词可通过加“-al”后缀构成形容词。culture 文化-cultural 文化的race 种族-racial 种族的influence 影响-influential 有影响的benefit 利益-beneficial 有好处的finance 金融；财政-financial 金融的；财政的economy 经济；节省-economical 经济的；节省的face 脸-facial 面部的15. decorate v. decorate sth (with sth) （用某物）装饰某物The building was decorated with flags. 这座建筑物有旗子作装饰。Bright posters decorate the streets. 鲜艳的广告招贴画点缀着街道。 v. 在（房屋等）上添加漆、泥灰、壁纸等Were decorating the kitchen again this summer. 今年夏天我们又要装修厨房。 decorate sb. (for sth.) 授予某人奖章或其他奖状Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. 有几名士兵因英勇而被授予奖章。【知识拓展】decorator n. （给房屋等）粉刷和糊壁纸的人decoration n. 装饰；装潢；装饰品；奖章decorative adj. 装饰的；作装饰用的16. award n. & vt. n. 奖；奖赏；奖学金He got the highest award in the contest. 他得到了比赛的最高奖。He won the award for the best student of the year. 他获得本年度优秀学生奖。 vt. 授予；奖励；判定She has been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford. 她获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。The judge awarded substantial compensation to the victims of the explosion. 法官判给爆炸事故中的受害人大笔的赔偿金。【知识拓展】be awarded sth 被授予某物win/ receive/ get an award for 因而获奖【辨析】award，prize，reward与medal四个词都可用作名词，意义相近，但各有侧重。A：award指因成绩或贡献而由政府或组织颁发的“奖”或“奖金”。B：prize指“奖品；奖金；战利品；捕获物”，如在竞赛或比赛中给予的，或力求获得的最为对胜利或优胜而嘉奖的东西，一般是由政府或组织颁发的。C：reward意为“回报；报酬；报应”，指因给别人提供服务或帮助而得到的奖金，或为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止做报应而授予或收到的某些东西。Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made. 赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。D：medal指“奖章；勋章；纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。He won a gold medal in the Olympics. 他获得了一枚奥运会金牌。award和reward还可用作动词。A：reward指某人因做了好事或有益的事而得到“回报”，用于下列结构中：reward sb. for sth 因某事而奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。B：award则指“授予”或“判给”某人某物，其后可跟双宾语award sb. sth.或用于award sth. to sb.结构中。They awarded Mr Brown the gold medal for his fine vegetables at the show. 因其展览的蔬菜质优，他们给布朗先生颁发奖牌。She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 她获得了诺贝尔和平奖。17. admire vt. 羡慕；钦佩；赞美I have to admire him for the way he handled the situation. 我不得不佩服他处理这种局面的手段。You may not like him, but youve got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但是你不得不佩服他那种坚韧的精神。The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。【知识拓展】admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人admirer n. 羡慕者admiring adj. 羡慕的admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩in admiration of 钦佩with/ in admiration 钦佩地【辨析】admire，envy与enjoyadmire和envy都可表示“羡慕”之意，但admire偏重指“欣赏；钦佩”，envy则侧重指“忌妒”。另外表示因某事而羡慕某人时用：admire sb. for (doing) sth；envy sb (doing) sth。I admire you for your determination. 我佩服你的决心。She has always envied my success. 她一直嫉妒我的成功。I envy you have such a close family. 我羡慕你有一个这样亲密的家庭。 admire和enjoy都有“欣赏”的意思，但admire侧重指细细品味般地对艺术品或其他事物的观赏，其宾语是物。enjoy则侧重指“享受的乐趣”，其宾语可以是人或物。We thoroughly enjoyed our time in New York. 我们在纽约的时间过的十分快活。They all enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩得很开心。Hes admiring the painting from the distance. 他正从远处欣赏这幅画。18. energetic adj. 精力充沛的；需要能量的；积极的He knew I was energetic and would get things done. 他知道我精力充沛能把事情处理好。The heart responds well to energetic exercises. 心脏对剧烈运动反应良好。【知识拓展】energy n. 精力；活力；干劲；能（量）；太阳能；核能energize v. 使充满热情；给（某人）增添能量（或精力、活力、干劲）19. clothing n. U 衣服；（尤指某种）服装We are surprised by the high cost of clothing, food and shelter in big cities. 我们震惊于大城市衣、食、住的昂贵费用。I had an article of clothing made to my own measure. 我让人按我自己的尺寸订做了一套衣服。【注意】clothing作“衣服”讲时，是不可数名词。【知识拓展】a wolf in sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的狼cloth n. 布料；织物；一块布clothe vt. 给穿衣；为提供衣服clothed adj. 衣着的；穿衣服的clothes n. pl. 衣服；服装【辨析】clothes与clothing两者都有“衣服”的意思，但具体用法不同。clothes指具体穿着的上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等。它总以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。clothes前面不用具体的数词，但可用some，many等表示数量的不定代词修饰，表示“一套衣服”用a suit of clothes。I bought some new clothes for the trip. 我为这次旅行买了一些新衣服。How much is this suit of clothes? 这套衣服值多少钱？clothing是衣服的总称，但它是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。clothing也不与具体的数词连用，表示“一套衣服”时用a piece of clothing或an article of clothing。This shop sells mens clothing. 这家商店卖男装。Childrens clothing is usually very expensive. 童装往往很贵。20. custom n. C;U风俗；sing习惯；U光顾Social customs vary in different parts of the world. 世界各地的习俗不同。我们商店欢迎您的光临。【知识拓展】customs n. 海关（常大写）；关税the customs 海关customary adj. 习俗的；习惯的；（某人）特有的；典型的customarily adv. 习俗地；典型地customer n. 顾客；主顾；客户【辨析】custom，habit与practicecustom侧重指国家、集体或社会的传统习俗。Its hard to get used to another countrys customs. 要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯是很困难的。habit指个人由于自然条件、社会环境、个人爱好等原因长期重复而自然养成的习惯。Once you get into the habit of smoking, it is hard to give it up. 一旦养成了吸烟的习惯，就很难戒掉。practice，“惯例；习俗；做法”。有时含贬义，既可指许多人，也可指一个人长期做的某件事。common practice 一般做法；惯例二、重点短语1. be meant to do/ be 应该干；必须干Youre meant to take your shoes off when you enter the temple. 进入这座寺庙时必须脱鞋。 注定要做；天生就是做的料He believes he is meant to be a great man. 他相信他生来就是要当伟人的。 打算/计划干Books are meant to be read. 书就是让人读的。The boy was meant to become a doctor (by his father). 这男孩本来（被他爸爸）计划要成为一名一生的。【知识拓展】be meant for = be intended for 意欲；被打算mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事What do you mean by? 你是什么意思？2. take place 举办；举行；发生I dont know what took place between them last night 我不知道昨晚他们之间发生了什么事。The accident took place only a block from his home. 事故就发生在离他家只有一个街区的地方。The concert takes place next Friday. 下周五有音乐会。【知识拓展】take the place of sb/ take ones place 代替/取代某人的位置give place to 让座take ones place 坐下in place 放在原来的位置；就位out of place 不合适；不恰当；不相称in place of 代替；取代in ones place 处于某人的位置；为某人设身处地想一想【辨析】take place，happen，occur，break out与come about它们都有“发生”的意思，但语意各有侧重并可适用于不同的句式。take place常指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生，不能用于被动语态。Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years. 在过去的20年里中国发生了巨大的变化。happen指一切客观情况或事物的偶然发生或 。表示“某人发生某事”时用sth happens/happened to sb.；同时happen还表示“碰巧”，用于sb. happens. happened to do sth.或It (so) happens. happened that句式中，意为“某人碰巧做某事”。We havent heard from her since we lat met. What has happened to her? 自从上次见面以来，我们一直没有收到她的来信。她发生了什么事？How did the accident happen? 事故是如何发生的？occur为较正式用语，指具体事物时可与happen互换（但happen to do不可换成occur to do）；另外occur有“突然想起”之意，此时不可与happen互换。 Sth occurs/ occurred to do意为“某人发生某事”；It occurs/ occurred to sb that为固定句式，意为“某人忽然想到”。It never occurred to me that I had seen her before somewhere. 我想不起来以前我在哪儿见过她。break out指“（战争、火灾等）爆发；（疾病等）突然发生”，无被动语态。SARS broke out all over China in the spring of 2003. 2003年春中国各地爆发了“非典”。come about指自然地或意外的发生，常用语How did it come about?句式中，意为“怎么会发生呢？”How did it come about that he had another accident? 他怎么会再次出事故呢？【注意】occur，happen，take place，come about和break out均为不及物动词或者短语，不能用被动语态。3. do harm (to sb/ sth.) = do (sb./ sth) harm （对某人/某物）有危害；损害Reading in the sun does harm to your eye. 在阳光下读书对你眼睛伤害很大。Too much drinking will do you harm. 喝酒过量对你有害。【知识拓展】be harmful to 对有危害；伤害be harmless to 对没有危害Theres no harm in (ones) doing sth. = It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）做某事是个好主意（或没有坏处）。do good to sb. = do sb. good = be good for sb. 对某人有好处do wrong to sb. = do sb wrong 委屈某人；做对不起某人的事【注意】do sb wrong/ do wrong to sb.中也可用 wrongs或a wrong；其反义词为do right（做正确的事；实现公正）。be good for sb意为“对某人有好处”；而be good to sb.意为“对某人态度好”。4. in memory of 纪念；为了纪念Many are in memory of famous men. 很多庆典是为了纪念名人。They opened a new park in memory o