高考英语阅读理解精英定时系列训练题（21）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英定时系列训练题（21）及答案阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的(a、b、c、d)四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. 【湖北省八市2013联考】 a at the onset of a northern winter, many dream of warmer climates.in 1934 the canadian-born composer colin mcphee did more than dream. he set out for the island of bali. in his book a house in bali,colin mcphee described how he first gained insight into the essence of balinese music.for about a month he had been working on transcribing a complete score to a balinese play he had seen. it seemed impossible that so much beauty could be achieved with a scale(音阶)of only five tones. but the distinctive embellishments(修饰音)of the music eluded him.fortunately a young household helper and his friend decided to assist. one morning they set two objects next to mcphees piano.they were gangas-metal keyed instruments.the two boys played them in what struck mcphee as”a fast duet(二重奏） in morse code”. at last the composer had found the key to balinese music.“wait!” mcphee would call out from the piano as the boys flew along,“stop!please!that bit once more!”patiently the boys would stop and began again.but soon they were flying again,faster than ever, amazing mcphee with their memory and precision. sometimes the patterns repeated.sometimes they opened up into something new. then, suddenly the whole duet would fly apart and the boys would burst out laughing,breaking the spell. although colin mcphee left the island in 1939,he remained spellbound by balinese music.and its rich,distinctive sound would colour many of the compositions he would write for the next quarter century.51. from the passage we can learn that_. a.colin mcphee set foot on the island of bali in late winter b.the book a house in bali detailed how colin mcphee understood the life of the island c.colin mcphee actually acquired much beauty of balinese music d.for a month colin mcphee had been watching a balinese play he had seen before52. the word “eluded” in the third paragraph can be replaced by_. a.attracted b.shocked c.disappointed d.puzzled53. colin mcphee was astonished because_. a.the two locals played part of balinese music once more unwillingly b.colin mcphee eventually found the key to balinese music c.the two boys played their instruments so precisely and skillfully d.the balinese music displayed something new for colin mcphee 54. the passage is mainly about_. a.a book introducing the island of bali b.two balinese boys playing gangas c.a composer named colin mcphee d.balinese music touching colin mcphee 【参考答案】阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）51-54 cdcd (第*篇) plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. a flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.a tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. in response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies.now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. the “enose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.scientists say the enose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. but today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. this is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.the research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile compounds. inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.to test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. these plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)the enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. it could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. but even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.with some finetuning，a device like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. a device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says natalia dudareva, a biochemist at purdue university in west lafayette, ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.语篇解读植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。5we learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by_.a. making some soundsb. waving their leavesc. producing some chemicalsd. sending out electronic signals解析事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that.”可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选c。答案c6what did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked?a. they presented it with all common crops.b. they fixed 13 sensors inside the device.c. they collected different damaged leaves.d. they made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.解析逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选d。答案d7according to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can_.a. pick out ripe fruitsb. spot the insects quicklyc. distinguish different damages to the leavesd. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves解析事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“but even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage.”可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害”。答案c8we can infer from the last paragraph that the enose_.a. is unable to tell the smell of flowersb. is not yet used in greenhousesc. is designed by scientists at purdued. is helpful in killing harmful insects解析逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“could one day be used in greenhouses to.”推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断b是答案。答案b阅读理解it may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. at some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. fortunately, the moments are usually not obvious(明显的)to the listeners. why? because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. they hear only what the speaker does say. if you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. when such moments occur, dont worry about them. just continue as if nothing happened.even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that don t really matter. if you have ever listen to martin luther king s famous speech“i have a dream ”, you may notice that he stumbles(结巴) his words twice during the speech, most likely. however. you dont remember. why? because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making. people care a lot about makings mistake in a speech because they regard speechmaking as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication(交流). they feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. but, infect the listeners are not looking for a period performance. they are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speakers ideas clearly and directly. sometimes a mistake or he can actually increase a speakers attractiveness by making him more human.as you work on your speech, dont worry about being perfect. once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.72. the underlined part and the first paragraph means that no one will _ a. be smarter than you b. notice your mistakesc. do better than you d. know what you are talking about73. you dont remember obvious mistakes in a speech because_a. your attention is on the content b. you dont fully understand the speechc. you dont know what the speaker plans to sayd. you find the way of speech-making more important74. it can be inferred from the passage that_a. giving a speech is like giving a performanceb. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be badc. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is maded. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be75. what would be the best title for the passage?a. how to be a perfect speaker b. how to make a perfect speechc. don i expect a perfect speech d. dont expect mistakes in a speech4答案 72.b 73.a 74.b 75.c阅读理解have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? what do you think caused this change in colour? it is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.components of soilsoil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. the upper layer is known as the litter. it acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. the topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. this layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. this layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.soil forms from the bottom up. over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. it is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. most of the soil in eastern canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.water beneath the soilsurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.as water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.this causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.soil phsoil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. the ph of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.the acidity of rain and snow can lower the ph of the groundwater that enters the soil. by burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. when fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. as nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.语篇解读本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的ph对于植物生长的影响。5the layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called_.a. litterb. topsoilc. humus d. subsoil解析考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“the topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant.which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.this layer is usually rich in nutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。答案b6according to the text, which of the following is not true?a. soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.b. the deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.c. air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.d. groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.解析考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的“below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.this layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。答案b7we can infer from the passage that the water table lies_.a. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerb. in the subsoil layer above bedrockc. between the subsoil layer and bedrockd. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil解析考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate”可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项c正确。答案c8the underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are_.a. rushed away into the riverb. cleaned and purified by waterc. destroyed and carried away by waterd. mixed with water and become part of it解析考查词义猜测。根据本句中的“.and carries them to deeper layers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。答案d。【湖北省八市2013联考】b humans arent the only species on the planet with a penchant for electronic gadgets(小配件）.zookeepers across the us and canada are discovering that apes also get excited about apps.as part of a program calledapps for apes,12 zoos across the two countries have been introducing ipads into the entertainment time for orangutans,the giant furry red primates native to indonesia and malaysia. we are finding that,similar to people,they like touching the tablet,watching short videos of david attenborough for instance,and looking at other animals and orangutans, said richard zimmerman,founding director of orangutan outreach,the non-profit that runs the program. t