高考英语 321精品系列 专题30 新题型 阅读表达、阅读简答.doc

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题30 新题型阅读表达、阅读简答（教师版）【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布从近几年的山东、天津高考阅读表达题来看，该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。其命题特点是：1.阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，文章长度大致相同或比传统的阅读短文略短，总阅读量不会太大（约200300词）。2.生词量较大，有许多超“标”词汇，要求考生凭借上下文语境及生活常识予以推测感知。3.语篇意识和思维灵活性有所强化，文章的结构层次性更强。阅读表达题型具有多样性，概括起来一般采用以下7种形式：问题类型常见问题主旨概括whats the best title of the passage?what is the purpose of the writers writing this passage?whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into chinese.同意句替换please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题what would you do if you ?what other suggestions would you give?how would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类,问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列.其他类型的题目属于不确定题型,是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的,与以上六种题型不同的问题类型.为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间,在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求(翻译句子题除外).【考点pk】 名师考点透析高考题型:fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(within 10 words);fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.(please answer within 6words.)解题策略:整体理解,仔细推敲,注意上下文的逻辑性,关注文中表示对比、转折、递进、并列、因果等关系的关联词;分析句子结构,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空;把握作者的思路,简练表达,切忌偏离主题、断章取义;放回原文中检查,确保上下文连贯,语法正确。考点三、翻译句子该题型要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。高考题型:you are perfectly within the bounds of po-liteness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解题策略:分析把握句子结构;遵循忠实通顺的原则,表达完整;注意英汉语序的差异,译文要求符合汉语表达习惯;翻译关键词;语言简练。考点四、英文释义该题型要求根据所给的英文释义句子,在短文中寻找相同的句子。此类试题较简单,相当于传统阅读理解中的转换理解,答案较固定。一般出题方式:which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the following one?例如:which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to the following one?tpossible existence of annoyance results from our inability sort out e-mails.考点六、开放型问题该题型要求学生结合个人的观点、态度进行表述。一般出题方式有:what would you do if you were.what do you think.?which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解题策略:面对该类题型,学生可以依据自己的看法结合原文理解作出回答,注意扬长避短,避难就易。考点七、其他题型除了上述较为常见的题型外,高考命题人员还有可能根据阅读理解文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）【三年高考】 10、11 、12高考试题及其解析2012高考英语试题【2012山东卷】阅读表达（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上（请注意76至79四个小题后面的词数要求）。1 ashley powers mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. when she was thirteen, she was surfing the internet regularly, but she couldnt find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. and one day she thought, “if i had my own website, id make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”2so, when ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called goosehead. she had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the usa! it was getting 100,000 hits every day, and ashley had about 30 employees. 3 after a few years, the website closed down. then ashley, who lives in los angeles, was asked to write a book called the goosehead guide to life. the book is about how to design a website and start a business. it begins with a section called “all about ashley,” where ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ i was so happy. but it was crazy in a lot of ways. i got very stressed. i mean, i was only sixteen i didnt even have a car! if you were sixteen and you had your own company, youd be stressed, too！“4 in an interview ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. and dont listen when _, because i heard no a lot. just keep going until you hear yes!”76. for what purpose did ashley create goosehead?(no more than 10 words) _77. what is the main idea of paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）_78. according to paragraph 3, what did ashley do after goosehead closed down?(no more than 10 words)_79. how did ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)_80. fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words. _79.【答案】happy, crazy and stressed.【解析】根据第三段power的自述中可知。【考点定位】考查细节理解题。80.【答案】others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you【解析】根据后句中的because i heard “no” a lot可以推断，此处表达的应该是“不要听别人说”。【考点定位】考查细节理解题。2012天津卷 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。born in 1949, diana nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a florida state high school swimming champion. like many young athletes, she had olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the games. the disappointment didnt stop her from going forward. instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. a brilliant athlete, she was wellconditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. as a longdistance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.for ten years nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers. in 1970, she swam a tenmile marathon in lake ontario, setting the womens record for the course. in 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the bahamas to the coast of florida. then she broke a third record when swimming around manhattan island in 1975.nyad attempted to swim the distance between florida and cuba in 1978. though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. after battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. for nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching cuba. that is how she defined success. it did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.when nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new thingstravelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. diana nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.56what prevented nyad from taking part in the olympic games？(no more than 5 words)_57what does the underlined word“obstacles” mean？(1 word)_58what achievement did nyad make in 1970？(no more than 10 words)_59why did nyad believe that she had touched the other shore？(no more than 10 words)_60please explain how you are inspired by nyad.(no more than 20 words)_答案 2012湖南卷 section a (10 marks) directions：read the following passage. fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. write no more than three words for each answer. since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet societys demands. today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation(航行), and to prevent flooding. river control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams. an important period of channelization took place in europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. one of the most dramatically changed was the tisza river, a branch of the danube that flows through hungary. the controlling of the tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the rivers length by nearly 400 kilometers. one of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. the past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height. despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.71. river control 72. reasons 73. supply 74. agriculture 75. flooding 76. deepening 77. stabilizing 78. shortening 79. dam construction 80. the environment75. flooding信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。根据第一段的to prevent flooding可直接找到答案。76. deepening信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。根据第二段的including widening, deepening, straightening直接获取答案。77. stabilizing词性转换题。考查名词转换为动词ing形式。根据第二段的stabilization of banks，再根据一致性的原则，先将名词stabilization转换成动词stabilize，再变成动词ing形式。78. shortening信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。根据第三段的最后一句中的shortening the rivers length by nearly 400 kilometers可直接得出答案。79. dam construction信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。该空在词性上与上一方框中的channelization保持一致。在第四段中有an increase in dam construction worldwide，可直接得出答案。80. the environment词性转换题。考查形容词转换为名词。根据最后一段的many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful.可知要将形容词environmental转换为名词the environment作空格前介词to的宾语。阅读简答o42012湖南卷 section b (10 marks)directions: read the following passage. answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. a wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a notsofun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry. now i still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. i wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so i applied everywhere i could that summer. the restaurant called me right away and i thought to myself, this is going to be easy. within four hours of my first shift (轮班), i had angry customers who complained how slow i was. i watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and i heard the words that no 16yearold boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: “mike, theres a problem in the mens bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.” i realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. the manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile. over three years later i still work at that restaurant whenever i go home during vacations. i love my coworkers there and all the customers know who i am. every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. they chat with us workers and joke around. our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does. from my first job at the restaurant, i learned teamwork and devotion. i also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. i will forever carry the experience that i gained at the restaurant with me as i go forward in my life.81. why did the author apply everywhere that summer? (no more than 12 words) (2 marks)_82. what did the manager particularly expect the workers to do? (no more than 14 words) (3 marks)_83. why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations? (no more than 13 words) (2 marks)_84. what did the author learn from his first job? (no more than 11 words) (3 marks)_【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了自己的第一份工作经历以及从中学到的东西。81. he wanted to save up money and buy his own car.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第二段的i wanted to save up money and buy my own car转换主语。82. the manager particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第二段的最后一句可直接得出答案。83. he loves his coworkers and all the customers know who he is.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第三段的第二句i love my coworkers there and all the customers know who i am.转换主语。84. he learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.信息整合题。考查信息的整合和表达。根据最后一段的i learned teamwork and devotion. i also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. 第二个句子中含有also一词，可见需要把两点结合起来表达，根据规定的词数将后面的让步状语从句改写成介词短语。2012江西卷 阅读下面短文并回答问题。 stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions.the traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates. of course, there are many _. you can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. for example, sport lovers may choose the olympic theme. they try their best to find olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc. if you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. then, you can put all your effort to collect the stamps around it. china issues zodiac animal stamps(十二生肖邮票) every year to celebrate the lunar new year. they are extremely popular and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them. hong kongs lunar new year special stamp series began in 2000 with the year of dragon and the twelfth and final set was issued in 2011, the year of rabbit. recently some western countries have issued zodiac animal stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well. you may choose any theme you like. however, you should bear in mind an essential point. the topic you choose should not be too narrow. otherwise, it is very difficult to accumulate stamps around the topic. you will be depressed and even lose your interest in collecting stamps. collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. the main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme.76. what is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 5 words)_77. fill in the blanks in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words) of course, there are many _.78. what should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps? (no more than 7 words)_79. list the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage. (3 words)_80. what does the word “them” (line 3, paragraph 6) probably refer to? (1 word)_【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一些主题集邮的方法，内容贴近学生生活，为学生熟悉的话题。79. sport(s); astronomy; animal(s)归纳问答题。本文的第二、三、四段分别提到了与运动、宇宙以及动物有关的集邮。80. teenagers.代词指代题。由画线词所在句可知them指代的是前面的teenagers。2011高考英语试题（2011山东卷）第四部分书面表达(共两节，满分45分)第一节阅读表达(第76题2分， 77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分l5分)阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。 1 do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?2 if , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. a textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. the main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. the root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.3 so what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? the key is to get your life back in balance. make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. not only will you save time and money, but y