【步步高】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Project Hope同步导学 重庆大学版必修4(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 3 project hope同步导学 重大版必修4.重点单词识记1project /prdekt/ n工程2fund /fnd/ n资金；基金3entrance /entrns/ n入口；入学许可4remote /rimt/ adj.遥远的；偏僻的5foundation /fandein/ n基金；基础6rural /rrl/ adj.乡村的，乡下的7defeat /difit/ vt.击败，战胜8debt /det/ n债务9resource /riss/ n资源；财力10strike /straik/ n打击；vt.打，击11opportunity /ptjuniti/ n机会，时机12poverty /pvti/ n贫穷，贫困13influential /inflenl/ adj.有影响的influence n影响；vi./vt.影响；改变14benefit /benifit/ n利益；好处；vi./vt.有益于，得益beneficial adj.有益的，有利的15contribute /kntribjut/ vi./vt.捐助contribution n贡献；捐献16demand /dimnd/ n要求；需求；vi./vt.要求；请求demanding adj.要求高的，苛刻的17relaxing /rilksi/ adj.放松的，轻松的relaxed adj.放松的，悠闲的relax vi.放松；休息18participate /ptisipeit/ vi.参加，参与participation n参加19compete /kmpit/ vi.比赛，竞争competitor n竞争者competition n比赛，竞争competitive adj.竞争的，比赛的20development /divelpmnt/ n发展develop vi.发展developed adj.发达的 developing adj.发展中的21assistance /sistns/ n协助；援助assistant n助手；adj.辅助的，有帮助的assist vt./vi.帮助.重点短语识记1all over全部地，整个地2gain a place at/in在赢得一席之地3in charge of负责；经营；照顾4. stand out明显，突出5cry for哭着要求得到，恳求，迫切需要6bring up教育，养育7home and abroad国内外8be used to do被用来做9. drop out退学，辍学10use up用完，耗尽11. dream of 梦想，渴望12in debt负债.经典原句默写与背诵1by the end of 2004，project hope was reported to have received over 2.73 billion yuan (us$330 million) contributed from home and abroad.据报道，到2004年年底，希望工程收到了来自国内外的超过27.3亿元(3.3亿美元)的捐款。2have you participated in sporting events in which players compete in lifting pumpkins and spinning tops?你参加过举南瓜和抽陀螺的体育比赛项目吗？3her father died that year leaving rang ying and her mother in debt.那年她父亲去世了，让英和母亲负债累累。4it was again project hope that provided a helping hand and let her return to school the following year.又是希望工程伸出了援助之手，让她在第二年返回了学校。1the new hospital will benefit the entire community.(benefit) 2he demanded/demands of me to start at once.(demand)3the teacher participated in the students games held yesterday.(participate)4swedish mission also made similar contributions in other parts of the world.(contribute)5i should relax and have some fun，right？(relaxing)6china is a developing country.(development)7we shall offer you assistance with legal expenses up to $5,000.(assistant)8many countries in the third world are as poor as they have ever been.(poverty)1 have an influence on对起作用under the influence of在的影响下last but not least，my physics teacher is my role model，whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.最后但同样重要的是，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大地影响着我的决定。(2012安徽书面表达)夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)what exactly is the influence of television on children?(2)he committed the crime under the influence of drugs.2 benefit sb./sth.对某人/物有益benefit from/by从中受益be of benefit tobe beneficial to对有益for ones benefitfor the benefit of sb.为帮助某人；为某人的利益the activity benefited us a lot.这项活动使我们受益匪浅。(2013江西书面表达)夯实基础同义句改写the new regulation will be of benefit to everyone concerned.(1)the new regulation will be beneficial to everyone concerned.(用beneficial改写句子)(2)everyone concerned will benefit from the new regulation.(用benefit from改写句子)(3)the new regulation will benefit everyone concerned.(用benefit改写句子)3 demand (of sb.) to do.要求(某人)做demand doing/to be done需要demand that.(should) do.要求satisfy/meet ones demands满足某人的需求on demand一经要求in demand需要make demands of对提出要求first，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in china.首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(2012安徽书面表达)特别提醒demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形。夯实基础(1)strike workers demanded to see the manager/that they (should) see the manager.罢工工人要求见经理。(2)my demand is that the information referred to in my report (should)be emailed to mr.brown without delay.我的要求是：请立刻把我的报告中提到的信息用邮件发给布朗先生。.单项填空1violent programmes on television may have a bad on children.aaffect bpressurecinfluence dpower答案c解析考查固定短语have an influence on“对有影响”。2the boss demanded that mary the work within a week.afinished bwould finishchad finished dfinish答案d解析demand后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。3the economic crisis has seriously west germans exports.aaffected binfluencedcinfected dgoverned答案a解析affect影响，表示对产生(不良)影响；influence影响。本题不能选influence，因为动词influence常常是指间接地、以一种无形的力量去潜移默化地“影响”人的行为、性格或观点等。4the organization was founded for the of the poor children in the west part of china.aadvantage binterestcbenefit dvalue答案c解析考查固定短语：for the benefit of。5we cant other countries if we dont develop our national economy.acompete for bcompete againstccatch up dkeep up答案b解析“和竞争”是compete against/with。6being heavy debt then put great pressure the poor widow.awith；on bin；tocon；on din；on答案d解析考查两个固定短语：be in debt，put pressure on。.汉译英1由于人类破坏性的影响，这个珍稀物种的数量急剧减少到不足1,000只。(influence)(2013重庆写作二)because of the human beings destructive influence，the number of this precious species has promptly dropped to less than 1,000.2我们才能理解或记住老师要求我们掌握的知识。(demand)(2013四川书面表达)we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master.1our daughter is a great dancer；she stands out from the rest.2he was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.3we are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.4no，i have to buy a pet before you use up all the money.5he dreams of running his own business.1 take charge of掌管(表动作)in the charge of被掌管charge sb.with doingaccuse sb.of doing指控某人犯罪charge sb.money for.因收某人钱free of charge免费a week later，i volunteered to take charge of english study in my class.一个星期以后，我自愿负责班里的英语学习。she charged me $24 for the book.这本书她向我要价24美元。 夯实基础同义句改写(1)police have charged mr.bell with murder.(用accuse.of.改写句子)police have accused mr.bell of murder.(2)this year i am in charge of the class.this year the class is in the charge of me.(用in the charge of改写句子)this year i take charge of the class.(用take charge of改写句子)2 stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持stand for代表；象征；支持；主张；容忍stand doing/to do容忍做as it stands照此情况，照这个样子from where i stand以我的观点(立场) shes the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。in the picture，there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream.图画中，小河的一边立着一棵结满果实的树。(2011北京开放作文)夯实基础选词填空 (1)how can you stand by and see him accused of something he didnt do?(2)the new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.(3)i disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.单项填空1the hotel 50 yuan for a room for the night.aoffered bchargedcpaid dgave答案b解析句意为：这家旅馆一间房一晚要价50元。charge要价，收费，符合题意。2he has been acting very strangely these days.i cant his actions at all.aask for baccount toccall for dstand for答案d解析句意为：这些天他行为古怪，我根本不能容忍他的行为。stand for容忍，忍受。3the city was badly destroyed by an earthquake，and it took years to .atake everything back to livebtake everything back to lifecbring everything back to livedbring everything back to life答案d解析bring.back to life使恢复；使苏醒。4they had to stop halfway because they had the oil.agiven out btaken upclacked of dused up答案d解析use up用完，用光，符合句意。give out作此意讲时为不及物动词词组；take up占据；处理；lack缺少，为及物动词，其后不加of。.汉译英在中国，中国结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(stand for)(2013新课标全国书面表达)in china，chinese knot stands for friendship，love and good luck.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)why not get(get) your children to work(work) out regularly?(2)we had better not pay(pay) too much attention to grammar.(3)rather than argue(argue) without any result，i prefer to get(get) down to doing something practical.(4)we wanted nothing but to appeal(appeal) to people to care more about the dropout students.(5)who had you clean(clean) the windows once again?(6)we watched our friends disappear(disappear) into the darkness.born in a poor family of the tibetan minority in sichuan，rang ying said.出生在四川一个贫穷的藏族家庭里，让英说born in a poor family.为过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。过去分词或过去分词短语在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(某些独立成分如generally speaking除外)；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。given a wrong number，i couldnt contact him over the phone.因为给错了号码，所以我没能够与他电话联系上。夯实基础用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)well managed(manage)，his business soon took off.(2)the woman scientist entered the room，followed (follow) by her assistants.(3)caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.单项填空1 ，the students rushed out of the classroom.aangry and disappointedbangry and disappointing cto angry and disappointdto be angry and disappointed答案a解析形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的状况。2the town hall in the 1880s was the most distinguished building at the time.ato be completedbhaving been completedccompleteddbeing completed答案c解析过去分词短语completed in the 1880s作定语，修饰the town hall，二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。.汉译英若给我们机会，我们会让世人惊奇。(过去分词作状语)given a chance，we can surprise the world.1 in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.(2013安徽，32)ato found bfoundingcfounded dhaving founded答案c解析句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。2anyone，once positive for h7n9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.(2013福建，32)ato be tested bbeing testedctested dto test答案c解析句意为：被检测出h7n9禽流感呈阳性的任何人，将接受我们政府的免费医学治疗。由题干中的关键信息once可知此处为时间状语从句的省略。根据状语从句中省略的条件：“当主从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语包括动词be时，可将从句的主语和动词be一起省略”，逆推可将该从句还原为“once anyone is tested positive for h7n9 flu virus”，并且时间状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以该题目自然是省略了“anyone is”。3the manager wants to see changes in the company，and i am sure he will .(2013陕西，24)ain particular bin turncin charge din time答案d解析句意为：经理想看到公司的变化，我坚信他最终会看到的。in particular尤其；in turn轮流，反过来；in charge掌管；in time最终。4the doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good .(2010江苏，22)aexpectation breputationccontribution dcivilization答案b解析reputation名声，符合句意。expectation期望；contribution贡献；civilization文明。.单项填空1the police have power to deal with such matters by law.athe；the b不填；不填c不填；the dthe；不填答案d解析句子第一空后面的不定式作定语对power进行修饰，特指某种权力，用定冠词the；而第二空后面的law泛指“法律”这一概念，不用冠词。2see the flags on top of the building？that was we did this morning.awhen bwhichcwhere dwhat答案d解析what引导表语从句，在从句作did的宾语。表示这是今天上午所做的事。when引导表语从句时，在从句中作时间状语，表示“当的时候”。which引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，意为“哪一个”，表示在有限的范围内的某一个。where引导表语从句时，在从句中作状语，表示“在地方”。3how pleased the detective was what his customer told him!ahearing bheardcto hearing dto hear答案d解析be pleased to do sth.为固定结构，不定式表原因。此感叹句的陈述句形式为：the detective was pleased to hear what his customer told him.4the beatles， many of you are old enough to remember，came from liverpool.afor bthough cas dsince答案c解析as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句。5i find it astonishing that your deskmate be so rude to you.not astonishing at all.she is always rude to anyone else.ashould bmust cmight dought to答案a解析考查情态动词的用法。句意为：我发现你的同桌竟然对你那么粗鲁，这太令人吃惊了。这一点儿也不令人吃惊，她对别人一贯如此。表示说话人一种吃惊的语气，只有should含有“竟然”的含义，其他选项没有此意。6911 is a special date， ，i think，that will be remembered by the americans forever.awhat bit cwhich done答案d解析考查代词。one作date的同位语。7the letter he has been waiting is from his former head teacher.afor which bforcfor it dfor whom答案a解析考查定语从句。the letter是先行词，关系代词which作wait for的宾语，介词for提前，因此只有a项正确。8the patients son asked the doctor the question his father could survive the big operation.awhether bifcthat dwhat答案a解析考查同位语从句。在此同位语从句表示一种不确定的状态，故用whether引导同位语从句，表示the question的具体内容。if不可用来引导同位语从句。9with trees and grass 39.6% of the urban area，the city of weifang has taken on a new look.acovered bcoveringcto be covered dbeing covered答案b解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：随着城市绿化覆盖率达到39.6%，潍坊呈现了新面貌。trees and grass和cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选b项。10 the activities might seem childish，in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.awhen bas cwhile donce答案c解析句意为：尽管这些活动可能看起来有些幼稚，但事实上他们需要力气和决心。while在此相当于though，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。.阅读理解the space shuttle discovery has had a long and busy career.for 27 years，it has worked for nasa，carrying astronauts to space and back on 39 missions.on march 9,2011，after returning from its final voyage，the worlds most traveled spaceship was retired.a crowd of shuttle workers，reporters and schoolchildren waited to greet discovery at kennedy space center in cape canaveral，florida.three minutes before noon，they watched as the shuttle appeared in the sky and made one last touchdown.“for the final time：wheels stop，” discoverys commander steven lindsey said when the shuttle rolled to a stop.discoverys final trip was to the international space station (iss)，a giant space lab in the sky.since 1998,16 nations have been working together to build the space base 220 miles above earth.discoverys crew took care of the last us. construction project at iss.they delivered 10 tons of supplies for the iss.the sixperson crew also dropped off an unusual companion for isss researchers：a humanoid，or humanlike，robot named robonaut 2.astronauts will assemble (组装) r2 at the iss over several months.r2 was specifically designed to help astronauts perform basic tasks in space.including the 13day final mission，discovery has spent a total of 365 days in space and has traveled a whopping 148 million miles since 1984.“it came back as perfect on its final flight as it did on its first flight，”lindsey said.after 30 years，nasa is winding down its shuttle program.nasa is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances.discoverys retirement is the first of three.endeavor，another shuttle，is scheduled to make its final voyage soon.and atlantiss last trip is planned for the end of june.museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles.the smithsonians air and space museum，in washington，d.c.，may be the lucky recipient(接收者) of discovery.congress has already passed a bill to help the museum cover the cost of preparing the shuttle for displaya fee of more than $28 million!where will the other shuttles go？youll have to wait to find out.nasa will announce its decision on april 12，the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle launching.stay tuned!1as part of the final mission，discovers crew .acarried researchers to spacebwent on a spacewalkcbrought supplies to the issdassembled the robonaut 2 at the iss答案c解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they delivered 10 tons of supplies for the iss.”可知“发现”号航天飞机在执行最后一次任务时为国际空间站送去补给。2the underlined phrase “winding down” in paragraph 6 probably means .aimproving bendingcchanging dtesting答案b解析词义猜测题。根据本段最后三句“discoverys retirement is the first of three.endeavor，another shuttle，is scheduled to make its final voyage soon.and atlantiss last trip is planned for the end of june.”可知，nasa即将结束航天飞机计划。3what can we infer from the text?adiscovery completed 39 missions during its two decades of space travel.bthe iss is a big project and six researchers live on the station.camerican space exploration will focus on longer missions.dthe shuttles endeavor and atlantis will make their last missions next month.答案c解析推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“nasa is to begin work on new spaceships that can