英语三级综合辅导：英语构词记忆法.doc

构词理论 构词法是行之有效的传统记词法, 据统计可覆盖80%的英语词汇, 虽然实际有效率要低于此数. 采用这种方法记单词可大大减轻记忆量. 如: expel 驱逐 impel驱动 dispel驱散 I 构词法的成分分为前缀, 词根和后缀 1. 前缀prediction = pre-dict-ion =预言 2. 词根prediction 3. 后缀prediction II 构词成分之间经常需补上一个元音字母或一个音节, 使之便于发音, 如: centigrade = cent-i-grade = 100级=摄氏 illuminate = il-lu-min-ate = to+light+补足成分+ v.=照亮来源： III 构词成分常有省略现象, 如字母x后的s常省略: exert = ex (s) ert 运用, 施行 后缀也有变体: tabletabular. (ble=n. bular=adj.) graingranular. (grain=n. granular=adj.) 后缀还有共享形式: articulate=article-ate=象文章一样=清晰的, 有条理的distinct, clear. 例: That man is not very articulate. articulate=article-ate=发音清晰地说, 表现(思想). V 化学、医学名词常取形容词后缀形式: desiccant干燥剂 retardant抑制剂 additive添加剂 precipitant沉淀剂 propellant推进剂(火药) repellent驱虫剂, 防护剂 VI 英语中存在许多可互换的字母，如： pb: describedescription 来源： fv: wifewives, lifelives vw: vinwin (invincible = not-win-ible=不可战胜) vaste=waste (devastate)词根 词根是构词法的核心，记住了词根就可以举一反三，快速扩大词汇量，本文只选部分核心词根，都是必知道的： anim=mind magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=great-mind-a.=宽宏大量的 unanimous =uni-anim-ous=one-mind-a.=一致同意的 来源： pusillanimous =pusill-anim-ous=small-mind-a.=怯懦的 aqu=water aquatic =aqu-tic=water-a.=水生的 aquarium =aqu-rium=water-place=水族馆，水箱 aqueduct =aqu-duct=water-pipe=水沟 aquanaut =aqu-naut=water-sailor=深水操作人员 bio=life autobiography =auto-bio-graphy=self-life-book=自传 amphibian =amphi-bio-an=two-life-a.=两栖的 antibiotic =anti-bio-tic=against-life-a.=抗生素 symbiosis sym-bio-sis=together-life-n.=共生 cline=lean倾斜 decline =de-cline=down-lean=下降 incline =in-cline=to-lean=倾向于 recline =re-cline=back-lean=斜倚 count=数 discount dis-count=away-count=折扣 recount re-count=又数一遍=详述 cure=care curator cure-ate-or=care-v.-n.=care-person=管理者=馆长 err=wander err =wander away from standard=make mistakes. 反: rectify errand =err-and=wander-n.=差使, 差事 aberrant =ab-err-ant=from-wander-a.=wander away from norm=背离常道的. aberrance=n. 反: normal erroneous =err-on-ous=wander-n.-a.=错误的 aberration =ab-err-tion=away-go-n.=离开常规=脱离常规, 精神错乱 erratic =err-tic=go-a.=go away from the norm=离开常轨的=乖辟的, 古怪的 inconsistent; unpredictable; aimless. 反: regular. gon=角 diagonal =dia-gon-al=through-角-a.=对角线 来源： conglomerate =con-glomer-ate=together-group-v.=聚集. Congruent =con-gru-ent=together-group-a.=一致的, 适合的. here hes=stick adhere =ad-here=to stick=坚持, 粘附. adherent=a. adhesive =ad-hes-ive=to stick-thing=粘胶剂. adhesion=n. cohere =co-here=together-stick=粘着, 结合. Hesitate =hes-it-ate=stick-go-v.=犹豫 Inherent =in-here-ent=在里面的=固有的, 天生的 insul=island labor=work hard laboratory =labor-tory=work place=实验室 belabor =be-labor=v.-work=作多余的说明 collaborate =col-labor-ate=together-work-v.=合作. Elaborate =e-labor-ate=out-work-v.=精心制作, 阐述. 反: simplify leg lect lig=choose选择 elegant =e-leg-ant=out-choose-a.=优雅的 eligible =e-lig-ible=out-choose-a.=合格的 neglect =neg-lect=not-choose=忽略. illusion =il-lusion=幻想 delusion =de-luse-ion=down-play-n.=错觉 ludicrous =lude-crous=play-a.=可笑的 prelude =pre-lude=before-play=序幕 merge merse=“没”(mo), dip, plunge merge =sink=吞没, 合并 emerge =e-merge=out-没=没出来=出现 emergency =emerge-ency=出现-n.=紧急情况, 非常时刻来源： submerge =sub-merge=向下没去=置于水中, 沉没 immerse =im-merse=in-sink=沉浸 淹没. Mutual =mut-ual=change-a.=相互的Commute =com-mute=to move=跑通勤 trip between home and work mac magn maj max=large magnify =magn-ify=放大, 夸大 magnificent =magn-fic-ent=large-thing-a.=宏大的, 壮观的 magnitude =magn-tude=large-n.=广大, 大小, 数量 magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=large-mind-a.=胸怀宽阔的 magnate =mag-nate=大者=大腕. Majestic =maj-es-tic=large-a.=威严的 Maximum =max-im-um=large-a.=最大 mini=small miniature =mini-ture=small-n.=缩图 minimum =mini-um=small-a.=最小, 最少 minibus =mini-bus=small bus=小型公共汽车 diminish =di-mini-ish=down-small-v.=减少, 缩小 administer =ad-minister=to-行使部长职权=管理 mo(u)nt min=mountain heap ride dismount =dis-mount=反动作-跨上=下来, 取下 eminent =e-min-ent=out-heap-a.=杰出的, 闻名的 prominent =pro-min-ent=forward-heap-a.=突出的, 著名的 par pare para=pair谐音“配” parallel =para-lel=pair-height=相似的, 平行的 compare =com-pair=together-pair=比较. impair =im-pair=not-pair=损害 parasite =para-site=pair-sit=寄生虫 paraphrase =para-phrase=pair-sentence=(用自己的话)解释 hydrophobia =hydro-phobe-ia=water-fear-disease=恐水症，狂犬病 claustrophobia =clauster-phobe-ia=close-fear-disease=幽闲恐惧症 xenophobia =xeno-phobe-ia=foreign-fear-disease=仇外，生人恐惧症 pot=power potent =pot-ent=power-a.=有力的, 有效的. Impotent =im-potent=no-power=无能的, 阳萎的 potential =potent-ial=power-a.=潜能, 潜力 omnipotent =omni-potent=all-power=全能的 rect reg rig=straight stand sanctify =sanct-fy=saint-v.=使神圣, 使成为正当 sanction =sanct-ion=saint-n.=批准 sal san=健康 sanitarium =san-rium=health-place=疗养院 sanitary =san-ary=health-a.=健康的 sec(u) sequ sue=follow persecute =per-sec-ute=through-follow-v.=迫害 consecutive =con-sec-ute-ive=together-follow-v.-a.=连续不断的 execute =ex-sec-ute=out-follow-v.=实施, 执行. execution, n. 来源： insect =in-sect=in-cut=划分至最小单位=昆虫 bisect =bi-sect=two-cut=分为两份 trisect =tri-sect=three-cut=分为三份 dissect =dis-sect=apart-cut=cut up=解剖, 分割 sed sede sess side site=sit assiduous =as-side-ous=to sit-a.=坐着学习=刻苦 possess =post-sess=behind-sit=坐在后面拥有. Dissident =dis-side-ent=apart-sit-a.=持不同政见者 obsess =ob-sess=to-sit=迷恋. Preside =pre-side=before-sit=坐在前面=主持 simulate =simul-ate=same-make=模拟, 假装 simultaneous =simul-tane-ous=same-time-a.=同时的 assimilate =as-simil-ate=to-same-make=同化, 吸收. Dissemble =dis-semble=not-same=假装vi. 反: behave honestly son=“声”sound consonant =con-son-ant=together-sound-a.=和谐的, 一致的 resonant =re-son-ant=back-sound-a.=回声的 sonometer =sound-meter=弦音计 unison =uni-son=one-sound=和诣concord, agreement test=witness, look看 testify =test-fy=witness-make=作证, 证明 attest =at-test=to-witn