时态和语态（特种训练）.doc

高考英语时态和语态目录命题趋势备考建议课前必做题考点一：一般现在时考点二：一般过去时考点三：现在完成时考点四：过去完成考点五：现在完成进行时态（have/has been doing）考点六：进行时态考点七：将来时态高考链接，巩固提高高考英语时态和语态时态和语态 （复习要点，知识梳理）命题趋势高考试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。主要命题规律如下：1. 主要考查大纲要求的八种时态形式和用法。2. 试题创设的语境明确，交际情景多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，体现了高考试题有“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变的命题原则。3. 题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”，情景中没有一处明显的时间信息（如时间状语）。4. 试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来互相干扰，如现在完成时和一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时等。备考建议几乎每套高考题都考查动词的时态和语态，命题一般是以基础知识为主，把时态和语态结合起来。在复习动词的时态和语态时，应特别注意下面一些问题。1. 掌握动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；过去将来时。2. 掌握各种时态的时间状语要求,特别使上下文中所暗含的时间。3. 融入到语言环境中，把自己看作是情景对话中的人物。4. 熟练掌握固定句式和特殊动词的用法。课前必做题1) The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had2) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working D. have worked; are still working3) Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left4) -Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who _ it?A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written5) He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learned B. would have learned D. learned D. had learned6) If their marketing plans succeed, they_ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing7) -Whats wrong with your coat? - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me_ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting8) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun_ itself behind the mountain .A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid9) Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_.A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing10) How can you possibly miss the news? It _on TV all day long.A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be11) -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He _it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done12) -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she_?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left13) He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen14) -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I_ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited15) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vitamins.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded16) - The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned17) -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played18) I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting19) I _ while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time!A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep20) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated21) I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago.A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been22) -Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. In fact, I_ of my friends back home.A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking23) -Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?-I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt24)-How can I apply for an online course? - Just fill out this form and we_ what we can do for you.A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see25) -It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. - Oh, dont mention it. I _ past your house anyway.A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come26) If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology.A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered27) -Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. -_? Thats his third one in just one month.A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he28) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided29) The play had already been on for quite some time when we _ at the New Theatre.A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive30) -I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.- Impossible. She _ TV with me in my home then.A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching15 CADCD 6-10 ADACA 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 DBCCD 21-25 CBCDA 26-30 DBABD考点一：一般现在时一般现在时一般表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。它常与频率副词always, every time, now and then, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用。在复习中须注意一般现在时的如下用法：1. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态。The water will be further polluted unless some measures are taken.Even if she doesnt come this weekend, Ill go fishing by myself.He is going to his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.6) If their marketing plans succeed, they_ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing15) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vitamins.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded2. 表示现在时刻存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。They are very busy now.The apple tastes good. (系动词多用一般现在时)3. say, see, hear, learn, believe, think, hope, wish, know, forget, love, understand等表示感觉、思想或理解的词，多用一般现在时代替现在完成时，这些词不用于进行时态中。例如：She says they will read more books this term.He feels that it was his duty to save the boy.4. come, go, start, open, close, return, arrive, begin, leave等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表示计划安排的肯定将要发生的动作。The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane for Wuhan takes off at 8:30 a,m.例1 （2003北京春招）- When will you come to see me, Dad？ - Ill go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish例2 （2001全国）I _ Ping-Pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play例3 （2005重庆）- What are you going to do this afternoon? - Im going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go考点二：一般过去时一般过去时是高考时态考查的第一大热点。高考对此考点的考查侧重于分析语境，挖掘语境中的关键词或隐含信息，并区别一般过去时与过去进行时及现在完成时。在复习中要注意如下一般过去时的用法：1. 表示过去某时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，这个动作或状态与现在无关。例如：She suddenly fell ill yesterday.19) I _ while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time!A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep21) I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago.A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been29) The play had already been on for quite some time when we _ at the New Theatre.A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive2. 表示过去某段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He often came to help the poor when he was a student.3. 表示说话人始料未及的事情时，要用一般过去时。例如：I didnt know it was you. （我不知道是你）I never thought you would bring me a gift. (我真的没想到你会给我带来礼物)4. 一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday, last night, two days ago, at that time, then, the other day, last year, just now等。但是一般过去时也时常用于没有明确过去时间状语的句子中，这是高考命题的热点与难点。例如：（95全国）- Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it.- Its 9568442.（98全国）- Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she promised.（2004吉林）I asked you not to move my dictionary, now I cant find it.（2004江苏）Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people began to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. （2004全国）My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I missed half of it.（1992全国）- We could have walked to the station, it was so near.- Yes. A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4) -Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who _ it?A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written12) -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she_?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left27) -Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. -_? Thats his third one in just one month.A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he（2003辽宁）It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1874-1931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was（2003上海）I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned（2002全国）- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda, do you like it?- Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say(2005湖南)- If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been考点三：现在完成时现在完成时表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，或者已经结束并对现在产生或造成结果。使用现在完成时态的句中多含有如下一些标志词：how long, for+时间段，recently, in the past few days, by now, by this time, these days, all these years, already, (not) yet, just (而非just now), never, so far, several times, up to now, lately, before等。请看如下高考题中完成时态与标志词之间的对应关系：（94全国）- Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. （95全国）You dont need to describe her, I have met her several times.（97全国）- Who is Jerry Copper?- Havent you met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.（2000全国）- How are you today?- Oh, I havent felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.（2004上海）The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power has been increased enormously ever since.（2002全国）I wonder why Jenny hasnt written to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.（2003春招）With the rapid growth of population, the city has spread in all directions in the past five years.（2005广东）Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science has shown that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.（2005山东）The country life he was used to has changed since 1992.（2005浙江）My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far.1) The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had10) How can you possibly miss the news? It _on TV all day long.A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be16) - The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned20) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated26) If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology.A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered28) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided区分现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时所表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，但它们时有区别的，区别在于：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响或后果，它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，它所表示的一个或一段时间是可以具体确定的，与其它时间无牵连。例如：He wrote many plays when he was at college. （写剧本是他过去做的事。）He has written many plays.（这意味着他已经是一个剧作家了。）I read the novel last year.（读书的具体时间是去年。）I have read the book before.（强调现在了解书的内容。）3. 注意如下一些特殊句式中要使用现在完成时态：This is the first time that I have been here.Its the best song that Ive heard.It is has been 3 years since I saw you last time.It is the only book that he has written.考点四：过去完成过去完成时态表示在某一过去时刻或动作前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去时刻可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作及上下文来表示。他可以表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续打过去另一时间的动作或状态。在高考中常将该时态置于宾语从句或状语从句中，表示主从句动作间由明显的先后之分，且都有明确的过去时态作为过去完成时的时态基础。例如：The film had already begun when I got there.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.2) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working D. have worked; are still working3) Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left5) He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learned B. would have learned D. learned D. had learned13) He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen注意hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose等词可用过去完成时态表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、企图；另外过去完成时态也常用于表示“一就”的hardly when，no sooner than，scarcelywhen句型中。例如：I had intended (本打算) to come over to see you last night, but I was prevented from doing so.They had wanted (本想) to help but they couldnt get here in time.They had hardly arrived when it began to snow. （注意主句应使用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。）He had no sooner gone to sleep than the telephone rang.8) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun_ itself behind the mountain .A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid18) I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting比较下面的说法She had been ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。She has been ill for a week.她生病一个星期了。完成时态包括现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时及将来完成时，其中现在完成时和过去完成时时高考考查的热点。考点五：现在完成进行时态（have/has been doing）现在完成进行时态（have/has been doing）表示从过去某一时间到现在这一段时间一直进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停一会儿，也可以表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的事情。过去完成进行时（had been doing）表示过去某时间以前一直在进行的一个动作。Where have you been? What have you been doing?Ive been sitting here all afternoon.She has been cycling to work for the last three weeks.It had been raining for 2 days. The fields were all under water.（2004北京）Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going consider考点六：进行时态1. 现在进行时可表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态。 过去进行时可表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语和上下文来表示。(1992全国)Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.(1997全国)-Is this raincoat yours? -No, mine is hanging behind the door.(2000 全国)The reporter said that the UFO was travelling east to west when she saw it.(2004北京)-Whats that terrible noise? -The neighbors are preparing for a party.(2005浙江)-Are you still busy ? -Yes, I am just finishing my work, and it wont take long.7) -Whats wrong with your coat? - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me_ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting9) Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_.A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing11) -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He _it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done14) -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I_ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited17) -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played22) -Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. In fact, I_ of my friends back home.A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking30) -I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.-Impossible. She _TV with me in my home then.A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching2. 现在进行时态可表示现阶段一直在进行，但说话时不一定正在进行的动作。过去进行时态可表示过去某一阶段正在进行，但说话时不一定正在进行的动作。(1998全国) Shirly was writing a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it.My uncle is attending a conference in Beijing.(2005湖南)Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People are phoning to ask how I am going to spend the money.3. come, go, leave, stay, start, begin, arrive, return等词的进行时态常可表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。例如：（2004 天津）-What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and was start