高考英语 阅读理解精英训练题（16）.docVIP

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（16）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项.a here are some of the worlds most impressive subways. the tokyo metro and toei linesfeatures: the tokyo metro and toei lines that compose tokyos massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the world. the system is famous for its oshiya- literally, “pusher”- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. and you think your commute is hell. the moscow metro features: the moscow metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. the best of them were built during the stalinist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊灯), marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁画). with more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden.the hong kong metro features: the hong kong mtr has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that actually turns a profit. its privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. it also introduced “octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and even parking meters. its estimated that 95 % of all adults in hong kong own an octopus card .shanghai metro features: shanghai is the third city in china to build a metro system, and it has become the countrys largest in the 12 years since it opened. shanghai metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. by that point, it would be three times larger than chicago “l”. the system carries about 2.18 million people a day. the london metrofeatures: londoners call their subway the underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above ground. no matter when youve got the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. trains started in1863 and theyve been running ever since. some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “mind the gap”. 1. which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations? a. the tokyo metro and toei lines b. the moscow metroc. the london metro d. the hong kong mtr2. _ is done with the purpose of making money. a. the tokyo metro and toei lines b. the moscow metroc. the london metro d. the hong kong mtr3. we can learn from the passage that shanghai metro _.a. carries the most people each day b. is the worlds largest c. may be larger than the chicago “l” in the futured. is the busiest in the world4. how many subways carry more than 5 million people per day? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 51. b。文中只介绍了莫斯科地铁有吊灯、壁画等一些精美的装饰，其余未提及。2. d。在对香港地铁的介绍中提到了turns a profit，意思是赚钱。3. c。在对上海地铁的介绍中提到了4. a。东京和莫斯科地铁每天运载人数分别为将近8万和超过7万。第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。a(2012福建四地六校第一次联考)we loved to play hideandseek，and tacklethemanwiththefootball，as well as makebelieve games like cowboys and indians or cops and robbers.in the world of makebelieve，guns were created by sticking your thumb straight up and extending your index finger straight out while curling the other three fingers around a makebelieve pistol grip.if someone pointed his“gun”at you and shouted“bang！”or “pow！”，you were considered dead and were obligated to fall to the ground immediately without moving.one day we were playing cowboys and indians deep in the mountains.imagining myself as john wayne，better known as the duke，i had my“fiveshooter”out and ready for action.i climbed a huge tree to get a better view of where the “bad guys”were hiding.climbing six to eight feet off the ground，i noticed gary browning(my cousin)quietly sneaking along，ready to shoot the first thing that moved.i allowed him to move in a little closer before taking aim and shooting；however，i was disturbed by the other side of the tree.turning to investigate，i found myself staring straight down the index finger of curtis gibson.“pow！”he shouted from the ground.panicked that i was so far up the tree，i began climbing down as fast as i could.“the duke has been shot in the foot！”i screamed.remember，i was obligated to fall，but i was eight feet off the ground in a tree！“bang！”shouted gary who was now aware of my hiding place.“the duke has been shot in the shoulder！”i screamed as i kept climbing down.“pow！pow！”a double shot came from curtis.“the duke has been shot twice in the calf(小腿)！”i squalled，nearly reaching the ground.then as i was dangling from the lowest limb，curtis and gary emptied their imaginary ammo(弹药)into me.“pow！bangbang！pow！powpow！bang！”from just about a foot i finally fell to the ground and announced，“the duke is dead！”56in the world of cops and robbers，if someone fired at you，_.ayou were not considered dead byou need to fall to the groundcyou can climb up the tree dyou can hide and seek57i was disturbed by the other side of the tree because _.ai wanted to shoot gary browningbgary browning was ready to shoot meccurtis gibson was pointing his“gun”at medgary browning was moving towards me58how many times was the author shot before he was dangling from the lowest limb?a2. b3. c4. d5.59the author didnt fall to the ground because _.ahe was shot in the foot bhe was shot in the shoulderche was too high in the tree dhe was climbing down56b根据文章第二段内容可得出答案。57c根据文章第四段第一句“turning to investigate，i found myself staring straight down the index finger of curtis gibson.”可知，另一边吉普森用枪指着作者，正准备射击。58c根据文章最后一段可判断加里打了作者一枪，而吉普森打了三枪，所以作者一共被打了四枪。59c根据文章最后一段中的“remember，i was obligated to fall，but i was eight feet off the ground in a tree！”可判断作者是因为爬得太高而无法倒下。 archaeology, like many academic words, comes from greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. so, it is really a part of the study of history. however, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. normally, these are the hard materials that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.it is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. occasionally, things are different.in 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called lindow moss, in the north of england. a bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. it can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. the men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. was it a case of murder? possiblybuy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. the two men had found a body from the time of the roman invasion of britain. despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!why was this man so well preserved? it was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. also, the water in the bog was very acidic. the acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.how did he die? understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called “lindow man”. his hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done heavy manual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man. they found that he hadnt died by accident. the archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.5. which language does the word “archaeology” come from? a. french. b. greek c. roman. d. german。6. the word “these” in the first paragraph refers to _. a. letters b. photographs c. paintings d. objects7. which of the following helped to preserve “lindow man”? a. ice and low temperature b. bacteria and oxygen c. soil and energy d. acid and water 8. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true? a. “lindow man” was named after the person who first found him. b. historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence. c. “lindow man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of england. d. “lindow man” was good at manual work.9. which is the best title for the passage? a. what is archaeology? b. archaeology and history c. an amazing archaeological discovery d. the death of “lindow man”5. b。从文章第一句可以知道，archaeology这个词来自希腊语。6. d。从第一段的最后一句可知，these指的是比较坚硬、不太会损坏或消失的物体，比如人骨或用石头、金属等制作的物品。7. d。第四段的2、3两句指出了水和酸在保存lindow man过程中起了很大作用。8. b。lindow man的发现印证了第一段中作者提出的这一观点。9. c。本文主要篇幅讲述了一个具体的考古发现。(2012皖南八校第一次联考)when middleaged alex quit his job and made up his mind to become a selfemployed writer，no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or not.he found a cold storage room in a building，set up a used typewriter and settled down to work.after a year or so，however，alex began to doubt himself.he found it was difficult to earn his living by selling what he wrote.but alex determined to put his dream to the testeven though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure.this is the shadowland of hope，and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.one day alex got a call，“we need an assistant，and were paying $6,000 a year.”$6,000 was real money in 1960.it would enable alex to get a nice apartment，a used car and more.besides，he could write in his spare time.as the dollars were dancing in alexs head，something cleared his senses.he had dreamed of being a writer fulltime.“thanks，but no，”alex said firmly and swiftly.“im going to stick it out and write.”after alex got off the phone，he pulled out everything he had：two cans of vegetables and 18 cents.alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag，saying to himself，“theres everything youve made of yourself so far.im not sure i ever felt so low.”finally his work was published in 1970.instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experienced.the shadows had turned into focus of attention.then one day，alex found a box filled with things he had owned years before.inside was a paper bag with two cans and 18 cents.suddenly he pictured himself working in that cold storage room.it reminds alex，and anyone with a dream，of the courage and persistence(坚毅)it takes to stay the course in the shadowland.60why did alex give up his job?abecause he didnt like the working conditions.bbecause he couldnt earn enough to make a living.cbecause he wanted to be a fulltime writer.dbecause he felt he had no potential in his job.61what did alex express when he answered the call?ahe refused the job offer. bhe was willing to give them a hand.che expected them to pay him more money. dhe would write in his spare time.62what kind of person is alex?adetermined. bmodest. cshy. dhumorous.63which of the following can summarize the passage best?alook before you leap.btwo heads are better than one.chold on to your dream，and it will come true.da bird in hand is worth two in the bush.60c从文章第一段的第一句判断选c项，正是因为他想成为职业作家，亚历克斯才放弃了他的工作。61a从第三段内容可知亚历克斯当时谢绝了对方的邀请，并下定决心要继续写作。62a根据全文尤其是最后一段可知亚历克斯是一个很有决心的人。63c根据全文尤其是第二段和倒数第二段的内容可知c项最能概括文章内容。*结束 (2012河南三市第二次调研)ma weidu is the founder and curator(馆长)of guanfu museum，which is the first private museum in china.with mainly chinese artifacts on exhibition，the museum was founded on jan.18,1997.it was not wellknown by the public until 2008.on jan.1,2008，ma weidu was invited to be the guest in the flagship cctv program“lecture room”he talked about his museum and more importantly，he introduced chinese artifacts and their underlying historical，cultural significance.in 2009，ma weidu initiated beijing guanfu cultural foundation.creating a cultural foundation had been mas dream for many years.beijing guanfu cultural foundation is committed to spreading chinese traditional culture，funding the development of guanfu museum，heritage research and conservation projects，building a platform for public culture，promoting and guiding the public in the spirit of“charity & culture sponsorship(赞助)”guanfu museum is currently located at no.18 jinnan road，zhangwanfen，dashanzi，chaoyang district，beijing.but due to the city planning，it has to move.guanfu museum，which has experienced relocation for three times，is now looking for a new place.according to mr ma，it should be around 20,00030,000 square meters.64according to this passage，which of the following is true?aguanfu museum was built in 2008.bma weidu was invited to lecture by guanfu museum.cthe public were attracted by chinese artifacts on exhibition.dguanfu museum，the first private museum in china was founded fifteen years ago.65guanfu museum，according to the city government，_.awill be painted bhas to hold a new exhibitionchas to move to a new place dhas to be enlarged66the proper title of this passage should be“_”ama and his museum bmuseumscculture relics dchinese culture64d根据第一段的第二句可知，观复博物馆建于1997年，距今已有15年了。65c根据第四段的第二句“but due to the city planning，it has to move.”可知，观复博物馆需要搬迁到新的地方。66a通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了马未都和他所创建的观复博物馆的情况。故a项作为本文的标题最合适。*结束 (2012郑州第一次质量预测)looking for a new weight loss plan？try living on the top of a mountain.mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight.doctor florian lippl in germany wondered how the mountain air would affect obese individuals if they werent doing any more physical activity than usual.lippl and his colleagues invited 20 obese men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of zugspitze，a mountain around 2,970 meters near the austrian border.this was no hiking expedition.they were allowed to eat as much as they liked.the men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙)linked to appetite and obesity.at the end of the week，the men，whose weight starting out was 105 kilograms，had lost about 1.5 kg on average.the mens blood pressure also dropped，which the researchers owed to weight lost.exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain.loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes，and indeed the men ate significantly less than usualabout 700 calories(千卡)fewer per day.appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key，notes damian bailey，a physiologist，who himself recently lost 11 kg during a 3month expedition to the andes in chile.lippl says，halfjokingly，“if obese people plan their holidays，they might not go to the sea，but maybe to the mountains.”67the underlined word“obese”in the first paragraph probably means “_”aunhealthy bswollen cvery fat dweighty68hormones were tested in the research because they could affect _.aones body weight bones blood pressurecones way of living dones heartbeating rate69what was found about the 20 obese men in the process of the research?athey controlled what to eat.bthey took in fewer calories than usual.cthey lost appetite because of lack of physical activities.dthey were provided with a healthier diet than before.70why does damian bailey agree with the idea of appetite loss at high altitudes?ahe experimented with the new weight loss plan in the andes.bhe found no other reasons for his loss of weight in the andes.che researched the related subject in the andes.dhe lost much weight in the high altitude of the andes.67c根据上文“生活在山顶可以减肥”可知，florian lippl想知道山上的空气如何影响肥胖的人。unhealthy “不健康的”；swollen “肿胀的”；very fat “极胖的”；weighty “沉重的”。故选c项。68a根据第二段中“.researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙)linked to appetite and obesity.”可知，研究人员测试荷尔蒙是因它与食欲和肥胖有关，故选a项。69b根据第三段第二句“loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes，and indeed the men ate significantly less than usualabout 700 calories(千卡)fewer per day.”可知，由于食欲不振他们比以往吃得少，并且吸收的热量也较少。70d根据倒数第二段可知，贝利在智利的安第斯山亲身体验过，三个月减了11公斤，因此他认同这种看法。（2011福建卷）adriving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. it requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected , when alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant （抑制药），damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination （协调），slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. even below the drink driving link , driving well be affected.alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. to get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and i