【步步高】高考英语总复习 Unit 12 Culture Shock同步导学 北师大版必修4(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高考英语总复习 unit 12 culture shock同步导学 北师大版必修4.重点单词识记1owe / vt.欠(情、债等)2absorb /bsb/ vt.理解，掌握；吸收3brief /brif/ adj.短暂的，简短的4expectation /ekspektein/ n期待的事物，预期5exchange /iksteind/ vt.兑换，交换6majority /mdriti/ n大半，大多数7anyhow /eniha/ adv.总之，反正；不管怎样8manners /mnz/ n礼貌9modest /mdist/ adj.谦虚的；适度的10movement /muvmnt/ n动作；活动11request /rikwest/ n请求12familiar /fmili/ adj.熟悉的，常见的13arrival /raivl/ n到达，抵达14aspect /spekt/ n方面15stare /ste/ vi.盯着看，凝视16whisper /wisp/ vi.&n.低语，耳语17spoken /spkn/ adj.口头的18conduct /kndkt/ vt.指挥；实施19attach /tt/ vt.喜欢，依恋；系，固定20contrary /kntrri/ adj.相反的；n.相反21broad /brd/ adj.各种各样的；广阔的22apology /pldi/ n道歉，认错apologize vi.道歉23tasty /teisti/ adj.美味的taste v品尝；尝起来；n.味觉25indicate /indikeit/ vt.表明；表示indication n表明；标示；显示26curiously /kjrisli/ adv.奇怪地；好奇地curious adj.好奇的curiosity n好奇；好奇心27informal /infml/ adj.非正式的formal adj.正式的28injure /ind/ vt.伤害injury n受伤injured adj.受伤的.重点短语识记1at least至少2get used to习惯于3give.a lift让搭车4drop sb.off使某人下车5hang on不挂断(电话)6insist on坚持7see.off给 (某人)送行8sound like听起来像9take sth.seriously认真对待某事10loads of许多，大量11bring an end to结束，制止某事12be/become sensitive to对敏感，易受影响.经典原句默写与背诵1i dont know what your expectations are of london，but knowing that youve never travelled outside of asia，i thought id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我应该告诉您一些这里您要知道的情况。2to avoid getting confused about the british tipping system，you need to check your bill to see if a tip is included or not.为了避免对英国小费制度的困惑，你要查看账单上是不是包括小费。3i think we should consider staying in the english countryside for a few nights as i know you enjoy hiking.我知道你喜欢远足，我想我们应该在英国乡村住几天。4would you mind giving me and my schoolmate a lift to school?你能让我和我的同学搭车去上学吗？5when i first arrived in san francisco，i had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the american way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。6he insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。1i want to exchange (交换)the book for a chinese dictionary.2our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb (吸收) knowledge completely.3it is bad manners (礼貌) to talk with your mouth full.4they belong (属于) to the country club.5what he said was brief (简短的) but significant.6anyhow (不管怎样)，if we treat our friends sincerely，we are sure to be rewarded.1owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物；把归功于owe it to sb.to do sth.(为了感谢某人)应该做，有义务做owing to由于i owe the garage $20 for the new tyre.因那个新轮胎我欠汽车修理厂20美元。he owes a great deal to his publishers.他对他的出版商感激涕零。夯实基础(1)he helped you a lot.you owe it to him to invite him to dinner(该请他吃顿饭)(2)owing to (由于) the rain，the match was cancelled.(3)he is a successful businessman；he owes his success more to luck (把他的成功更多地归功于幸运) than to ability.2 absorb v.吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；吸引全部注意力(attract)；使全神贯注(interest sb.very much)；使并入，吞并absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于be absorbed by/into被吞并(吸引)plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。she was absorbed in the book.她专心于这本书。思考题表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus ones attention on，devote.to，concentrate ones mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。夯实基础(1)用absorb的适当形式填空when deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.he had an absorbed look on his face.(2)she was so absorbed in her job (如此全神贯注于她的工作) that she didnt hear someone knocking at the door.3 exchange n.交换；互换(giving and receiving)；交流(communication)；兑换；v.调换；交换；交流(communicate)；兑换(change)exchange a for b 拿a换bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物in exchange for变换；交换in exchange作为交换he exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift.他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。knowledge exchange is never a oneway street.交流知识绝不是一条单行道。图解助记夯实基础(1)语法填空where can i exchange my dollars for pounds?i exchanged seats with bill.he gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.(2)to have a full discussion of the issue，the committee spent a whole hour exchanging their ideas (交换他们的看法) at the meeting.4 with curiositycuriously好奇地curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲(a strong desire to know about sth.),from/out of curiosity出于好奇be curious about对感到好奇be curious to do.极想做ryle accepted more out of curiosity than anything else.赖尔更多的是出于好奇才同意的。dont be too curious about things youre not supposed to know.不该知道的事别去打听。夯实基础(1)he was curious to know (极想知道) what was happening in the office.(2)同义句改写the woman in the shop had looked at them curiously.(用curiosity改写句子) the woman in the shop had looked at them with curiosity.5 request sb.to do.请求某人做某事request sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物request that.(should) do.要求at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求she had requested that the door to her room be left open.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。特别提醒动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should)动词原形。夯实基础 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)you are requested not to smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.(2)we specially requested that you (should) be informed(inform)(3)the request is that manuscripts (should) be written(write) on one side only.6 sb.be familiar with.某人对熟悉sth.be familiar to sb.某人熟悉be on familiar terms with熟悉；关系随便the voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.电话里的声音我听起来很熟悉。he is a familiar figure in the neighborhood.他在这个地区是大家熟悉的人物。夯实基础(1)语法填空broadband networking technology is familiar to him.you certainly seem to be on familiar terms with him.(2)this magazine is very popular with young people (非常受年轻人欢迎)，who like its content and style.7 be cautious of/about对很谨慎be cautious to do小心做caution n.& v.小心；谨慎；警告with caution小心地caution sb.to do./against doing.警告某人做/不做caution sb.for/about sth.因某事而警告某人he is a man of caution.他为人处世谨慎。he cautioned that opposition attacks on the ruling party would not further political cooperation.他告诫说，反对派对执政党的攻击并不能增进政治合作。夯实基础(1)you must be cautious (一定要小心) when driving on the icy road.(2)同义句改写those numbers need to be treated cautiously.(将cautiously改为介词短语)those numbers need to be treated with caution.8 belong to属于；是的成员；应归入belongings n.所有物；财产put it back where it belongs.把它放回应放的地方。all the workers belonging to the factory must obey the rule.这个工厂的所有工人必须遵守这个规定。特别提醒belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词的普通格或代词宾格。夯实基础用belong的适当形式填空(1)the book belonging to him is on the desk.(2)poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.(3)he was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.9 attach vt.把固定，把附在上(fasten；join)；认为有重要性，重视(value)；vi.与有联系(connect)attach sth.to.把某物连接到/附在attach oneself to依附attach importance/significance to.重视；认为重要(有意义)attached adj.依恋的；附属于be attached to被连接到；爱慕；附属于across the stream，a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached to a pole.河对岸一个男子正把一个绑着网子的杆子伸过河岸去够水果。(2011北京开放作文)the old man is very attached to old customs and habits.这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。夯实基础(1)the hospital is attached to(附属于) that university.(2)you attached great importance to(重视) what that man said.on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反be contrary to与相反；违反；对抗quite/just the contrary恰恰相反to the contrary与此相反地contrary to the doctors advice，he went swimming.他不听医生的忠告，跑去游泳。夯实基础用contrary短语的适当形式填空(1)you didnt bother me.on the contrary/just (quite) the contrary，i like your company.(2)i admit that your opinion is contrary to mine.1he insisted on going there.2but after a while，you get used to it and you can stay in.3an effective method to know what can make someone happy is to be sensitive to his/her concerns.4last night，i had to walk home.no one would give me a lift.5as a student，you should take your study seriously.6he hurried to the airport to see his friend off.1 used to do sth.过去曾经/常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事did he use to come by bus?他过去常常坐公共汽车来吗？i used to play soccer with my brother every day.以前我每天都和哥哥踢足球。夯实基础(1)完成句子i used to get up late in the morning，but now i am used to getting up early.我过去早晨起床很晚，但是现在我已习惯于早起了。i am still not used to using the knife that is used to cut bread.我仍不习惯使用那把用来切面包的刀子。(2)翻译句子在我看来，二十一世纪的生活比从前的要容易得多。in my opinion，life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than it used to be.2 see through看穿；识破see to负责；照料；处理see to it that.确保see.as把看作i am to see off mr.brown this afternoon.今天下午我要为布朗先生送行。we must see to it that the men are sent before midnight.我们要确保在午夜前将这批人员派出去。夯实基础用see短语的适当形式填空(1)ill see to it that he will not be late tomorrow.(2)he could see through her lies.(3)this was seen as an attempt to fool the voters.(4)anne saw terry off at the station.用所给词的适当形式填空1i avoid meeting (meet) him，because i dont like him.2i cant afford to buy (buy) the car.3i didnt mean to hurt (hurt) you.4in some places，missing a bus means waiting (wait) for another hour.5the man speaking (speak) to our head teacher is toms father.i dont know what your expectations are of london，but knowing that youve never travelled outside of asia，i thought id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我应该告诉您一些这里您要知道的情况。现在分词短语作原因状语，该动词与句子的主语之间为主动关系；若是被动关系，则需用过去分词作状语。现在分词的完成式作状语时，用having done，其否定形式为not having done。现在分词短语作原因状语时，相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。 living far from the school，i have to get up early every morning.由于住的离学校较远，每天早晨我都要早早地起床。not knowing where i lived，he had to ask the way.因为不知道我住在哪里，他只好问路。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空having been asked (ask) to work overtime that evening，i missed a wonderful film.pressed (press) from his parents，and realizing (realize) that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(2)同义句改写because he had finished all his homework，mike went to play football with his friends.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)having finished all his homework，mike went to play football with his friends.教材活用根据课文内容完成下面的短文visiting britaindear aunt mei，how time flies！it has been 6 months 1.since i came here.i owe you an apology for not writing to you 2.more (much) often.ive been busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me，for im still 3.experiencing (experience) culture shock.im glad youll visit 4.me soon and ill tell you something about london.london is 5.an international city where there are many international restaurants and there is at 6.least (little) one chinese restaurant in every town.you have to get used/accustomed to the tipping system here.i suggest 7.leaving (leave) 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress.you can get some travellers cheques 8.as its easy to exchange them at banks or hotels.i think we should consider staying in the english countryside for a few nights so as to enjoy hiking and taste some mushrooms.dont forget to bring a warm coat 9.for it can get pretty cold and foggy here.one last thing，dont worry about how to get along 10.with the people here because the majority of them are quite friendly.i am looking forward to your visit!love xiaojin.课外拓展阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式ali hua，who is planning to travel with his parents，is now calling hyatt travel agency in xian.(a：assistant l：li hua)a：hello,1.this is hyatt travel agency.may i help you?l：yes.this is li hua.ill have 2.a short holiday，and im thinking about 3.travelling(travel) abroad with my parents.4.can you give me some advice?a：of course.may i ask how long your holiday will be?l：about a week.a：ok.5.what do you have in mind?l：id love to go to europe.a：you are very 6.lucky(luck)we have a special offer for european tours.l：great！can i have some extra 7.information(inform)?a：sure.for family tours，we have five european cities on the list，and well see the big ben in london，the eiffel tower in paris and other places of 8.interest.l：thats just what i am thinking 9.of.ill talk about this with my parents and call you back.thank you.a：you are 10.welcome.bsometimes our actions allow a certain plant or animal populationor the total number of individuals in a group1.to get (get) larger.for example，if you planted tulips in your yard，the tulip population in your yard would increase.our activities also can lead to a smaller plant and animal population.2.what would happen to the plants and animals in a neighborhood park if the park 3.were turned (turn) into an apartment building？well，they would either die or move to someplace elseand the areas plant and animal population would shrink.4overhunting (overhunt)，population，and other activities sometimes cause the population of a species to become so small 5.that it cannot survive.6.a species that is in danger of dying out is called a(n) 7.endangered(danger) species.when a species can no longer survive and dies out，it becomes extinct.as groups of plants and animals began to disappear，people began to search 8.for ways to protect these species.in the early 1900s laws were passed to protect certain animals.however，the big breakthrough came in 1973 9.when the us.government passed the endangered species act.this act lists species in danger of becoming extinct.the act also makes 10.it illegal to disturb，harm，shoot，kill，trap or collect any of the species on the list.(一).阅读理解apeople without homes have always been present in america.in the past，they were called hobos，bums，or drifters.it was not until the early 1980s that these people received a new name，when activists named them the homeless.the types of people who were homeless also changed in the 1980s.no longer were they primarily older men.they were younger，with an average age of 35.their numbers consisted of women，children，adolescents and entire families.they were of many races and cultures.no longer were they only in the inner city.they lived in rural areas and in large and small cities.no longer were they invisible to the people with homes and jobs.the homeless of the 1980s lived in packing crates (装货箱) and doorways.they slept on sidewalks and in public parks.they begged money from passersby.counting the numbers of homeless people is difficult.however，in 1984 the department of housing and urban development estimated the homeless population at between 250,000 and 350,000.in 1990 the census bureau counted about 459,000 people in shelters，in cheap hotels，and on the streets.in 1995 the national alliance to end homelessness estimated that there were 750,000 homeless americans.the homeless of the 1980s also began to speak out for themselves.some spoke to congress and to government committees controlling funding for social programs.street newspapers，such as chicagos streetwise and bostons spare change，had stories，poems，and essays that expressed the homeless viewpoint.the visible and vocal presence of the homeless prompted help from volunteers and government agencies.but what is still needed is a solution to the plight of americas homeless population.1this passage is mainly about .aone homeless persons storybthe history of the homelesscthe changes of the homeless in the late 20th centuryda way to provide homes for the homeless答案c解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了二十世纪八九十年代无家可归群体的变化。2how did the homeless speak out about their problems?aby writing books.bby moving to rural areas.cby being elected to the government committees.dby expressing their viewpoints in street newspapers.答案d解析细节理解题。根据本文最后一段第三句可知，无家可归群体通过街头报纸表达他们的心声。3who is responsible to get the number of the homeless population according to the passage?agovernment agencies.bstreet newspapers.cthe homeless themselves.dthe volunteers.答案a解析推理判断题。根据第三段提供数据的机构可推知，政府机构负责统计无家可归者的数量。4the underlined word “plight” in the last paragraph means “ ”aincome bfightcdifficulty demployment答案c解析词义猜测题。无家可归者的处境堪忧，亟待政府采取措施来帮助他们，故可推知该词与difficulty意思相近。bit was 1st january，the first day of the year and a holiday for me.i went to the bank to get the bank work out of the way.the bank clerk nodded and i sat in front of him.he was busy filling up entries in his register.i put my form and booklet in front of him.after waiting for a few more minutes，in which i showed all signs of being impatient，i asked him if my work was done.“nothing is done，and it will take time！”he shouted.just then i saw his morning cup of tea，which had been lying there for the last ten minutes，untouched.the tea had turned almost cold while he was doing his work.suddenly i felt what this man must be feeling when customers like me come always in a hurry to get their work done.we do not even feel the need to thank them for being there.so，i told him，“sir，you please have your tea.i am not in a hurry.”this man suddenly looked up at me and for the first time we had eye contact.i saw a different person there，who was as hardpressed for time as i always am. i saw both of us sailing in the same boat.i felt that he was also missing the small things in life like a hot cup of tea or lying in a warm bed for a few more minutes like me.he gave me a rare smile and said，“it is an everyday affair with me；you are not in a hurry but somebody else will be.”he really touched my heart with his wise words.i felt that all this time i thought of him as a someone who was there for my convenience，but today i suddenly felt a strange communion with him.i vowed to be friendly with people who help me with my work and be thankful that they are there for me.5which of the following