social_movements_in_the_s 美国0世纪60年代的社会运动ppt课件.ppt

Chapter9 SOCIALMOVEMENTSOFTHE1960S 1 2 3 4 Whydidthesocialmovementsbegin DuringthefifteenyearsbetweentheendofWW andthe1960s manyAmericanmenworkedhardtoachievetheirdreams ButtherehavesomepeoplewhohadadifferentideaofwhatAmericandreamwas andtherewerethreegroups Afro Americans youngpeopleandwomen weredissatisfiedwiththeirlives Afro American manyofthemhadatasteoflifeousidetheSouth theyfoughtforequalopportunitiesinjobs housingandeducation Theyfoughtagainstsegregatedschoolsbusestrainsandsoon Middle classwhitewomenwhowerewell educatedandhadtheopportunitytoworkinresponsiblejobsforgoodpayduringWW butwhenmenreturned everythingchanged theybecamehousewivesandhadfeweropportunitiestoadvancethanmenworkinginthesamejob ManyyoungpeopleresentedtraditionalwhitemalevaluesintheU S society Manypeoplethoughtthewarwaswrong 5 6 BackgroundandDefinition Whoworkedinthesocialmovements Manypeoplewhobelievedthegovernmentandthesocietywerewrongjoinedoneormoreofthesocialmovements Blackandwhiteyoungpeopleworkedinallthemovements asdidmanymiddle classwhitewomenandsomemen Thosewhoworkedinthecivilrightmovementincludedolder usuallymale Negroleaders blackandwhiteyoungpeople somewhiteprofessionalmenandwomen andsomewhitehousewives Theyburneddraftcard heldlargeralliesandmarchedinprotestofthegovernmentwarpolicy 7 8 BackgroundandDefinition Whatisasocialmovement Therearemanydefinitionsof socialmovement Oneprofessorarguesthat asocialmovementisatypeofbehaviorinwhichalargenumberofparticipantsconsciouslyattempttochangeexistinginstitutionsandestablishaneworderoflife Inotherwords peopleworktogethertochangegovernmentpoliciesandsociety Anotherprofessorsaysallsocialmovementshavetwobasiccharacteristics structureandspontaneity 9 10 TheCivilRightsMovement Thecivilrightsmovementbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful 11 TheCivilRightsMovement Thespontaneousactionofonewoman RosaParks wasbelievedtobethetruebeginningofthecivilrightsmovement 5yearsbeforetheGreensborostudents sit in Thecivilrightsmovementbegantospreadalloverthesouth Asaresult segregationwasbreakingdowninthe1960s RosaParks 12 13 14 15 DirectActionTactics Civilrightsactivistsfirstused sit in tacticstofightsegregationandlater freedomrides Thenextimportantdirectactionofthethreecivilrightsorganizationswasvoterregistration MartinLutherKinggavethefamousspeech Ihaveadream Toimprovetheracialrelations theCivilRightsActwaspassedbyCongressandsignedintolawbyPresidentJohnsoninthesummerof1964 16 17 Changes Blackleadersinsomepartsofthecountryspokeinfavorofblackseparatismandagainstnonviolenceinfightingdiscriminationandracism MalcolmX ManyoftheSNCCmembersbegantothinkthetacticofnonviolencewaswrong InJune1966 thefirstblackstudenttoentertheUniversityofMississippi begana marchagainstfear walkingallalonethroughMississippi 1968wasanotherviolentyear RobertKennedywasassassinated MalcolmX 18 TheYouthMovement Anti WarMovement AfterworkingintheSouthduring FreedomSummer 1964 manywhitestudentsfromtheNorthchangedgreatly bothinappearanceandintheirattitudesandbeliefs TheyhadlostrespectforauthorityafterseeingtheirfriendsbeatenandarrestedbySouthernpolicemenandsentencedtojailforlongtermsbySouthernjudges Theygavespeechesaboutthecivilrightsmovement aboutnonviolenceandtheneedtochangesocietyandworkedtogainsupportforthecivilrightsmovement Theyoungpeople s FreeSpeechMovement beganwithsuccess 19 TheYouthMovement Anti WarMovement Astheyouthmovementspreadoutsidethecampuses someyoungpeopleformeda counter culture theyrejectedcapitalismandotherAmericanprinciples Theyhadmoralsthatweredifferentfromthosetaughtbytheirparents Theanti warmovementbecamemoreorganizedasaloosecoalitionofmanyorganizationsandleaderswasformedunderaseriesof MobilizationCommitteestoEndtheWarinVietnam e g churchgroups SNCC 20 21 TheWomen sMovement Thewomen smovementinthe1960swasstartedbythreegroupsofprofessionalwomenandanaccident ThefirstwasagroupofprofessionalwomenwhowereappointedtoaCommissionontheStatusofWomenbypresidentKennedyin1961 ThesecondgroupweremostlywhitehousewivesandmotherswhoreadBettyFriedan sbook TheFeminineMystique publishedin1963 Thethirdgroupwereyoungactivistsinthecivilrightsandanti warmovements Theybecameknownasthe women sliberation groupor women slib 22 23 TheWomen sMovement TheaccidentwasawordintheCivilRightsActpassedin1964 Thechangeswomenworkedforincludedchangesineconomicpractices suchasequalworkandopportunityforjobs andalsoinsocialpracticesandattitudeswhichwouldacknowledgethatwomenwerenotinferiortomeninintelligenceorability Womenworkedhardinthe1970stochangethisimage 24 Conclusion LegalsegregationendedintheSouthasaresultofthecivilrightsmovement SouthernAfro Americancanvote However racismisstillaseriousproblemintheU S In1973 theUSsighedapeacetreatytoVietnamWar Thewomen smovementcontinuestogainmorerightsandopportunitiesforwomen However thenumberofwom