大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 4-3.doc

洛基英语/wenkxd.htm大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 4-3Text B: There are two kinds of memory: long-term memory and short-term memory. And information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating it over and over again while information in long-term memory may be kept for days or weeks. So I think when you learn English, the long-term memory is welcomed by everyone. A.New words: 1.short-term, long-term: 是合成形容词。 2.contrast: n/v,两个词性发音不同。短语：in contrast with; contrast with sth; 3.release: n/v 释放、解放，release sth from sth; 4.reward: n/v 奖赏、报答 5.proficiency: n proficiency at/in sth; proficient: adj熟练的 B. Grammar point: passive Voice (被动语态) please look at the following sentences from text B: 1.Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. 2.The information may be kept for days or weeks. 3.The two experiences here show how short-term memory has been studied. 以上每句话中都含有被动语态。接近于中文中的“被”字句。 1语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。若主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；反之若主语是动作的承受者，则要用被动语态。 2英语中共有16中时态，其中常用的10中存有被动语态。为了便于大家学习，我将被动语态列为6个公式，请大家套用。 1.s + be + p.p(动词的过去分词)（一般现在时、一般过去时） a.Her room isnt cleaned today. b.Her room was cleaned yesterday. 2.s + be + being + p.p（现在进行时、过去进行时） a.White Snow is being told by the teacher. b.White Snow was being told by the teacher yesterday afternoon. 3.s + has/have/had + been + p.p (现在完成时、过去完成时) a.More than 20 people have been saved from the ship. b.Ten bridges had been built by the workers by 1990. 4.s + will/would + be + p.p (一般将来时、过去将来时) a.She will be sent to Harvard. b.My teacher said she would be sent to Harvard. 5.s + will/would + have been + p.p (现在将来完成时、过去将来完成时) a.Thirty-seven stadiums for olympic games will have been built by 2008. b.He said thirty-seven stadiums for olympic games would have been built by 2008 6.s + 情态动词 + be + p.p(情态动词的被动语态) a.Her bedroom should be cleaned at once. b.The window cant be opened now. C.Important phrases in the text: 1.in contrast(1段5行); 2.over and over（1段7行）; 3.look up(1段7行); 4.be unable to do(1段10行); 5.turn on/off(3段4行); 6.be released from sth(3段6行); 7.be rewarded with sth(3段7行); 8.to begin(5段1行); key to part exercises: (page 68 to 72) 课文练习： .d, d, c, b, d. .1.long, wide; 2.deep; 3.across; 4.around; 5.high .见上讲作业。 .1.unwilling; 2.average; 3.take; 4.runs; 5.suppose 词汇练习： . 1.The sailors were afraid that they might meet bad weather. 4. Climate affects the growth of plants. 5. My work is piling up. Exercise from page 76 to 79: p76: .F, T, F, T, F, T, T, F, F, T. p78: .d, b, a, c, e; .C, C, B, A, D, C, B, B, B, D. The 6th lecture of College English one Key to part exercises: from p94 to p98, p103 to p106 p94:.c, b, b, d, c. p95:.1.smooth; 2.similar; 3.mental; 4.municipal; 5.meaningful; 6.useful; 7.familiar; 8.single; 9.striking; 10.difficult. p97:.1.ability; 2.accurately; 3.focus; 4.needless; 5.meaningful; 6.random; 7.repetition; 8.preserve; 9.improvement; 10.image; 11.associated with; 12.relate to p98:.2. Its meaningful to know hoe to use these phrases. 5. memory refers to ability to remember the past events and exp