名词讲义.doc

（一）、Noun名词的分类：1.可数名词：可以分为个体，可以直接用数目计数的名词。可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。2.不可数名词：抽象名词和物质名词。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词物质名词：bread, chicken(鸡肉),fish(鱼肉),meat, pork, beef, mutton, food, porridge, tofu, coffeewater, coke, cream, ice, rice, juice, milk, tea, medicine, orange(橙汁),fruit, sugar，saltpepper, butter, soup, paper, sand, chalk, grass, etc抽象名词：work, homework, housework, weather, news, music, time(时间),room(空间)，knowledge, etc3.可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量a piece of paper, three pieces of paper。4)可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示一些，许多some oranges, a lot of water可数名词复数形式的构成：1. 规则变化：1）大部分可数名词直接在其后加-s；book books room rooms house houses day days 2）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es；city cities body bodies factory factories 3）以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在其后加-es； bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes 4）以f、fe结尾的词，变f、fe为v，再加-es；half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives可数名词有变化，复数要把尾巴加，s尾巴最常见，特殊时用es，包括s、x、ch、sh，辅音加y，y变i，再把es加上来。遇见f、fe，末尾变成ves。特殊变化，特殊记，终身享用不忘记。2.特例 child children man men woman women policeman policemen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes（注意：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s。如：photo photos） foot feet tooth teeth （注意：oo变成ee。） sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 people单数形式表示复数意义要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。2. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。 fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs3. how many; how much。（二）、Genitive noun名词所有格在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加s表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1、名词词尾加s的所有格1.） 一般情况在名词后加s。例如：That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。2.） 在以s结尾的名词（包括以s结尾的复数名词）后面，只加 。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的，末尾也要加s。例如：Today is September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日，教师节。Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了，我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。3.） 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时，须在各个名词后加s；如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如：They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们（指房间）太漂亮了！He is Lily and Lucys father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。4.） 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格，一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如：My father and I will have dinner at the Johnsons （home ）。 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。We will have our hair cut at the barbers（shop） tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。5.） 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以加s构成所有格。例如：There is something important in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。Its about ten minutes walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。6. ）英语名词所有格修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，后面则可以省略，以防止重复。例如：This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms. 这不是迪克的字典，但是是汤姆的。2、由of短语构成的所有格1.） 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语，表示所有关系。例如：There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。2.） 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如：This is a photo of Mr Browns. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。二、经典习题 写出下列单词的复数形式potato piano tooth sheep loaf man driver 三、巩固练习1. 将方框里的名词按下面要求分类：How many: How much: 2. 写出下列名词的复数形式：computer_animal_bus_box_sandwich _baby_story_ video_photo_knife_scarf_thief_ man_child_deer_二、找出下列句子中的错误并改正： 1）This is a pair of trouser.这是一条裤子。 2）He gave me some advices. 他给了我一些忠告。 3）She went to the library with two ladies friends.她和两位女伴一起去图书馆。 4）The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。三、单项选择：1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato3. They are_.A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher4. Would you like _, please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters5. Most of _ live in _. A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany6. There are some _ in these _. A. knifespencil-boxes B. knivespencils-box C. knivespencil-box D. knivespencil-boxes7. _ hate _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling8. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples9. There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs10、Whose ruler is it? Maybe its _. A. Peter B. Peters C. Marys11、This is_ dress . It isn t_。 A. my， your B. my ， yours C. my， you D. he ， hers12、Lily is a new student. _is English。 A. He B. She C. Her D. His13、-Is this watch_？ -No， it isn t. It s_。 A. your， his B. yours， his C. you， his D. yours ， she s用所给单词的适当形式填空1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.按要求完成下列句子。1. She found it interesting to listen to music.(同义句)She _ _ _ music.2. Maybe you can find it somewhere.(否定句)Perhaps you _ _ _ _.3. You must look after your pet.(提问)_ _ you _?4. Theres a little milk in the bottle. (提问)_ _ _ _ there in the bottle?5. The weather is very bad today.(改为感叹句)_ bad _ it _ today!6. Did you hear from your parents last week?(同义句)Did you_ _ _ from your parents last week?四、课后练习用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. What s _ （she） name? 2. Who are _ （their）？ 3. We are good _ （friend）。 4. My brother _ （have） a nice shirt。 5. This is my _ （mother） handbag。 6. Lets _ （are） here at six。 7. Nice _ （meet） you。 8. Her sister is from _ （Japanese）。 9. Is