虚拟语态.doc

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握:1,虚拟条件句.2,名词性虚拟语气.3,虚拟语气的其他用语.一,虚拟条件句:条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气.1,条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If 主语+过去时,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形,如:If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2,条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为:If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词,如:If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3,条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为:+do,主语+should(could)+ 原形 do过去时(与现在事实条件句一样).If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意问题:1,If条件句中绝对不可出现would.2,根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现混合虚拟的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型.3,在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二,名词性虚拟语气:在表示命令,建议要求,惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:主语+(should)+动词原形,如:Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.(宾语从句)We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表语从句)注意:在这种句子中绝不出现wouldmustcould等.三,虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句:1,wish后的宾语从句:与现在愿望不一致 主语+过去时;与过去愿望不一致 主语+had+过去分词;与未来愿望不一致 主语+would(could)+原形.I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.2,Its time句型:当Its time后用that从句时应该为:主语+should+原形 或 主语+过去时,例如:Its time that you went to school. 或Its time that you should go to school.3,If only引起的感叹句相当于How I wish+宾语从句If only he could come! 他要能来就好了.If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了.4,would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,如:Id rather you posted the letter right away.Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5,without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件.Without you, I would never know him.But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!【专项训练一】1,It is important that a college student a foreign language.A.will master B.master C.masters D.would master2,It is strange that she without saying a word.A.should have gone out B.wentC.should go out D.goes out3,If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A.had been, would have preventedB.had been, would preventC.were, would preventD.were, would have prevent4, He is a brave man.Yes, I wish I his courage.A.have B.had C.will have D.may have5,If it rain, the crops would be saved.A.should B.will C.is going to D.was to6,He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.A.was sent B.would be sentC.should send D.be sent7,If you the medicine, you better now.A.took, would feel B.had taken, feltC.had taken, would feel D.took, would have felt8,She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.A.is B.was C.were D.had been9,I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.A.didnt do B.hadnt do C.havent done D.couldnt do10,Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.A.will come B.comes C.coming D.came答案:1,B 2,A 3,A 4,B 5,A6,D 7,C 8,C 9,B 10,D【专项训练二】I.经典试题回顾:1. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now. (0 2春季上海)A. shouldnt eat B .mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. (0 2春季上海)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3.-I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look -Yes, certainly. (0 2春季上海)A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should4-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It_ true because there was little snow there.(02北京)A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be5. It has been announced that candidates_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall (02上海) 6. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railwaystation. (NMET03)A. should B. can C. must D. will7. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article can B. must C. need D. may (03上海卷)8. Isn t that Anns husband over there No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (04河南/北,安徽,江西)A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not9. You _ be tired. Youve only been working for an hour. (04四川,吉林,黑龙江,云南)A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not10.I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police (04内蒙,海南)A. should B. may C. will D. can11.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (04内蒙,海南)A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving12. Who is the girl standing over there Well , if you _ know , her name is Mabel .(04天津)A. may B. can C. must D. shall13.Excuse me . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace Sorry , I am not sure . But it _ be . (04湖北)A.might B.will C.must D.can 14.- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.- You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. (04湖南)A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt15. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (04浙江)A. should B. might C. would D. could16.Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK _ .I love getting close to nature. (04福建)A.I couldnt agree more B.Im afraid notC.I believe not D.I dont think so 17.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. (04福建)A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told18.The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. (04重庆)A. may B. should C. must D. shall19.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.( 04上海)A. must B. may C. can D. need20.Mum , Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while No, Im afraid not . Besides , its raining outside now . (04辽宁)A.Cant B.Wouldnt C.May not D.Wont 21. - I dont mind telling you what I know.- You_. Im not asking you for it. (04江苏)A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. needntII.巩固练习:1.-You didnt invite John to the party -_him, too A Must I invite B Must I have invited C Should I invite D Should I have invited2.Night has fallen, we have to stay here for the night, _ A dont we B hasnt it C mustnt we D doesnt it 3. -Would you please not throw your shoes on the floor -I am sorry I _ do it again.A neednt B cant C wouldnt D wont 4. I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply _ not let me come through the gateA could B would C might D should5. -A man is asking to see you. _ he come in - Let him in.A. Must B. Shall C. Will D. Dare6.She _ terribly tired last night. She had been working without a break for over ten hours.A maybe B had been C used to be D must have been 7. Do tell me what youd like for your birthday ,dear,_ A will you B do you C dont you D cant you 8. -Do you regret paying five dollars for the book -No, I _twice as much for it.A would gladly have paid B had gladly paid9. -Dont forget to write to me when you get home.-_.A I must B I should C I wont D I will 10. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A must have studied B might study C should have studied D would study 11. They would have bought that house, which stood at the foot of the hill, _ at that time.A. though they hadnt had enough money B. otherwise they hadnt enough moneyC. if they had enough money D. but they didnt have enough money12. As it tuned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.A. neednt dress up B. couldnt have dressed upC. didnt need dress up D. neednt have dressed up13. -Might I watch TV after supper -Yes, you _A may B must C might D can14. If you listen to me, you _have some candies, Tommy.A. are able to B. shall C. must D. need15. You must have been to London for many times, _ you A mustnt B didnt C havent D may not16. -What do you think of it -I think it is a thing of importance that it _ done soon.A. is B. is to be C. be D. to be17. -Alice , why didnt you come yesterday -I _ , but I had an unexpected visitor.A had B would C was going to D did18.In the summer vacation we_ often take a walk along the river.A might B could C would D should19. - Why does Sara know so much about Angkor Wat - She _ have been there, orA must B oughtnt to C may D cant20. The line was busy. Someone_ the telephone.A may have used B must have been using C may be using D must be using21. He was late for class today. But for the heavy fog, he _ an hour earlier.A could come B could have come C were to come D should come22.Im sure youd rather she stayed in France, _ A wouldnt you B didnt you C shouldnt you D couldnt you23.Michael_ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A neednt B cant C should D may24. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.A If B Unless C Had D When25.If you really want yourself to be in good health ,you _always_ so much.A mustnt; be smoking B neednt; smoke C wont; be smoking D cant; smoke26. Its strange that the boy _ without saying good-bye to the teacher.A must have left B have left C can have left D may have left 27. He was taken away by the police .He _ for a thief.A must mistake B must be mistaken C must have been mistaken D must have mistaken 28.I_ opera ,but now Im getting interested.A was used to like B didnt use to like C used to like D was used to liking29.Shes already an hour late, What _to her A can have happened B may happen C should have happened D may have happened30.When a friend of mine gave me a ticket for the game, I _ go.A couldnt help B cant but C couldnt help but D just have to31. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A is B will be C would have been D would be32.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A had said B said C might say D might have said33. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A Were B Should C Would D Will34. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medicalexamination.A be; should have B was; have C should be; had D was; has35.I left very early last night, but I wish I_ so early.A didnt leave B hadnt left C havent left D couldnt leave36.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A should be B would be C have been D had been37.Jim would rather _ now, but we must go to work.A that we dont leave B we not leave C we didnt