江苏省镇江市高考英语短文阅读类训练（10）.doc

镇江市2014高考英语短文阅读类训练（10）及答案或解析阅读理解one of the major problems in our economy is inflation, a situation in which prices are going up faster than wages. thus, a person has to work more hours to pay for the same thing. for example, lets say that this year a loaf of bread costs $1.00 and the average salary in the united states is $10.00 per hour. that means a person could earn enough money to buy a loaf of bread in one-tenth of an hour, or six minutes, then, halfway through the year, the price of bread goes up to $1.25, while wages stay the same. that means that a person how has to work one-eighth of an hour, or seven and a half minutes to buy the same loaf of bread. now lets say that at the end of the year, wages go up to$11.00 per hour, but the price of bread goes up to $1.50. now a person has to work more than one-seventh of an hour, over eight minutes to but the same loaf of bread. as you can see, if more and more work time is spent earning money to buy loaves of bread, employees will have less money left over to buy other things inflation means that the same money buys fewer things and everybodys standard of living goes down, even if salaries are going up. some kinds of inflation are worse than others, moderate inflation does not distort（扭曲）relative prices or incomes seriously, galloping inflation happens rapidly, say at a rate of 100 percent or more within a year. and then there is hyperinflationinflation so serious that people try to get rid of their currency before prices rise further and make the money worthless. times of hyperinflation are usually characterized by social and political disorder.1the passage mainly wants to .alist major economic problemsbdiscuss something about inflationcexplain why bread prices increasedstate the types of inflation2why is“a loaf of bread”repeatedly mentioned?ato express dissatisfaction with the price of bread.bto show the effect of price changes.cto compare bread with other food.dto explain social and political disorder.3what happens when prices go up but salaries remain the same?athe government will do more about the economy.bworkers might lose their jobs of they show dissatisfaction.cpeople will save money rather than spend it.dpeople must work longer to buy the same things.4which of the followings belongs to the type of moderate inflation?apeople try to get rid of their currency.binflation occurs at rate of 100 percent in a yearcincomes and relative prices rise slightly.dthere is social and political disorder.参考答案1-4 b b d c*结束my sister and i grew up in a little village in england. our father was a struggling _36_, but i always knew he was _37_. he never criticized us, but used _38_ to bring out our best. hed say,” if you pout water on flowers, they flourish. if you dont give them water, they die. ” i _39_ as a child i said something _40_ about somebody, and my father said, “_41_ time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you. ” he explained that if i looked for the best _42_ people, i would get the best _43_. from then on ive always tried to _44_ the principle in my life and later in running my company. dads also always been very _45_. at 15, i started a magazine. it was _46_ a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a _47_: stayin school or leave to work on my magazine. i decided to leave, and dad tried to sway me from my decision, _48_ any good father would. when he realized i had made up my mind, he said, “richard, when i was 23, my dad _49_ me to go into law. and ive _50_ regretted it. i wanted to be a biologist, _51_ i didnt pursue my _52_. you know what you want.go fulfill it. ” as _53_ turned out, my little publication went on to become student, a national _54_ for young people in the u. k. my wife and i have two children, and i d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way dad _55_ me.36. a. biologistb. manager c. lawyerd. gardener37. a. strict b.honest c.special d.learned38. a. praise b.courage c. power d. warmth 39. a. think b. imagine c. remember d. guess 40. a. unnecessary b. unkind c. unimportant d. unusual 41. a. another b.some c. any d. other 42. a. on b. in c. at d. about 43. a. in case b. by turns c. by chance d. in return 44. a. revise b. set c. review d. follow 45. a. understanding b. experienced c.serious d. demanding 46. a. taking up b. making up c. picking up d. keeping up 47. a. suggestion b.decision c. notice d. choice 48. a. and b.as c. even if d. as if 49. a. helped b.allowed c. persuaded d. suggested 50. a. always b.never c. seldom d. almost 51. a. rather b.but c.for d. therefore 52. a. promise b.task c. belief d. dream 53. a. this b.he c. it d. that 54. a. newspaper b. magazine c. program d. project 55. a. controlled b. comforted c. reminded d. raised参考答案 36.c 37.c 38.a 39.c 40.b 41.c 42.b 43.d 44.d 45.a 46.a 47.d 48.b 49.c 50.a 51.b 52.d 53.c 54.b 55.d*结束parents, our first teachers, play a highly significant role in our liveshowever, doesnt it seem that many of us come to have conflicts with them when we start high school? were less likely to listen to them and take their suggestions-we even rebel against them.why? it may be the so-called “generation gap”. a generation gap appears when we begin to feel our parents are ignoring us, dont understand us, and we feel we can no longer share our feelings with them.the key reason is our desire for independence. in senior high school, we start to want to take responsibility for our own lives and make our own decisions. but parents resist this. they still want to control us and try to force us to do things they think we should do. debate and discussion often come to nothing. gradually, we talk with them less, and keep our feelings locked up inside.zhang xiaoyun, 16, of ningbo, zhejiang, has talked less and less with her mother since she started senior high school. “she believes studies should be my priority, not my inner world,” zhang said. “each day, she asks me the same old questions like, how was your last exam? or have you made any progress in physics?” to zhang, these questions are annoying and so she always tries to ignore them and answers perfunctorily. “sometimes, when i get upset, i quarrel with her. after, she comes to apologize and comfort me. but i know, she doesnt completely understand me,” zhang said. now, a home that was once full of laughter has fallen into gloom and silence.the generation gap can be harmful. because of the lack of communication, our parents no longer know what we are thinking about. there are quarrels, even over trivial things. when that happens, we may not be able to concentrate on our studies. some of us even become afraid to go home after school-a very serious situation for the whole family.6. which of the following is not included in the passage?a. the causes of generation gap.b. the effects of generation gap.c. one example of generation gap.d. ways of narrowing generation gap.7. which of the following is one reason for the generation gap according to the passage?a. modern society changing very fast.b. parents having unrealistic hopes of their children.c. parents and kids not understanding and respecting each other.d. young people liking to escape from the control of their parents.8. which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “perfunctorily”?a. attentively b. indifferently(冷淡地)c. flatteringly(奉承地)d. seriously9. in the view of the author, _.a. parents should allow their children more freedomb. parents and children should not stay togetherc. the younger generation should value the older generationd. academic records are more important than ones inner world参考答案dcba *结束高考链接. （2012重庆卷） in his 1930 essay “economic possibilities for our grandchildren “, john keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. he thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority he was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this derive as the only source of demands decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. when a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. the goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.there are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. for example, porsche famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the mark priced at over $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. but in 200 the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration. people who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. to them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.【试题解析】短文第段提到“he thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute”。由此可知，c选项内容与此相符。因此，正确答案为c选项。【难度】一般73. what do we know about the couple in paragraph 3?a. they want to show their superiorityb. they find specialty important to mealsc. their demands for food are not easily satisfied.d. their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.73.【答案】d【试题解析】短文第3段提到“the goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.”。由此可知，这对夫妇出去就餐的只是改善一下。在四个选项中，d选项内容与此相符。因此，正确答案为d选项。【难度】一般74.what does the underlined word “escalation” in paragraph 4 probably mean?a. understanding. b. increase c. difference d. study74.【答案】b【试题解析】根据短文，人们对于质量的需要呈上升的趋势，由此可推测划线词的词义与b选项的词义相符。因此，正确答案为b选项。【难度】一般75. the author of the passage that _.a. absolute needs have no limitsb. demands for quality are not insatiablec. human desires influence ideas of qualityd. relative needs decide most of our spending75.【答案】a【试题解析】浏览全文，短文主要探讨的是绝对需要无止境，a选项与此相符。因此，正确答案为a选项。*结束1. 这种文章是客观的介绍。通常介绍其地理位置、面积、气候、自然资源和居民等。2. 有时也有类似广告的文体出现，文章内容简介、明快。3.组织这类文章的结构，说明顺序分明，描述要详略得当，重点突出，文章错落有致。4. 题目的考查多以细节为主，例如地点的特征，旅游的方式和建议，房间、经典的价格计算等。5. 主旨大意大多集中在描写本篇文章的目的，文章的出处等。链接高考链接1. （2012重庆卷）there is no better way to enjoy scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little whisky(威士忌)at a quiet place like the inverlochy castle. when queen victoria visited the in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “i never saw a lovelier spot ,” and she didnt even go fishing.scotland is not easily defined. in certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grass mountains changes before your very eyes. when evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. as you settle down with just a people and a basket on the bank of river orchy, near the inverlochy castle , any frustration will float away as gently as the circling water. its just you and purple , pink ,white flowers, a perfect harmony . if you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics form a fishing leave you with a lifetimes fun. four many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an artscotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long days fishing. set wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful inverlochy castle hotel below the a perfect place