高考英语虚拟语气专题(精辟).doc

虚拟语气一、命题趋势分析虚拟语气是高考热点，也是英语学习的一个难点。测试内容涉及到以下几个方面：1在含非真实条件句的主从句中的应用；2在其他各种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句及定语从句）中的应用。二、考点知识精讲语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语动词有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。考点一：虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句表示与事实相反或不可能发生或实现的假设，句中的条件从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其形式如下：If虚拟条件句主 句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主+should /would / could /might + 动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主+should /would / could /might + have+过去分词与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+ 动词过去式If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形If + 主语 + should + 动词原形主+should /would / could /might +动词原形Eg：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. （与现在事实相反） Eg：If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. （与过去事实相反）Eg：If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. （与将来事实相反） 使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1. 省略if的倒装句if虚拟条件句中如果有should, had或were时，可以省略if，而将should, had或were提到句首，变成倒装句。Eg：If I were at school again, I would study hard. Were I at school again, I would study hard.Eg: If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.2.错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，主从句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。Eg: If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。Eg: If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。3.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。常见的有but for(如果没有) , without(如果没有)等引导的短语，以及or, or else , otherwise, but等后面的分句。Eg: Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work,= But for your help, we wouldnt have finished the work.= If it had not been for your help, we wouldnt have finished the work.Eg: I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. 考点二：虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用 用于主语从句It is /was important (necessary , essential, impossible, natural, unthinkable, strange,surprising , etc.)that.主语 +(should)+ 动词原形 It is /was a pity (a shame , an honour, a surprise, no wonder , etc.)that.It is /was suggested (requested, required , ordered , proposed , decided , etc.)that. 用于宾语从句在wish/ if only 后的宾语从句中“过去式（be 的过去式为were)”(表示现在的主观愿望) “had+过去分词”（表示过去的主观愿望）“would/could+动词原形”(表示将来不太可能实现的愿望)在would rather后的宾语从句中“过去式”（表示现在或将来要做的事情。）“had+过去分词”（谈到过去的动作）动词insist , order, command, advise , suggest , propose ,demand , desire, request , require等后面的宾语从句中(“一坚持”、“二命令”、“三建议”、“四 要 求”)“should+动词原形”（should可以省略） 注意：insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 insist 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。 Suggest 表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。Eg: The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. Eg: The look on her face suggested that she _ (be) happy.Eg: He insisted that all of us _ (be) there on time by any means. Eg: He insisted that he _ (steal) the wallet 用于表语从句、同位语从句表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的表语从句中常见的这类名词有：insistence坚持、主张order 命令command 命令proposal 建议suggestion 建议advice 建议demand 强烈要求desire 要求requirement 要求request 请求 (“一坚持”、“二命令”、“三建议”、“四 要 求”)( should )+ 动词原形表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中as if , as though引导的表语从句中过去式”（表示与现在事实相反的情况） “had+过去分词”（表示与过去事实相反的情况）用于状语从句as if , as though , even if, even though引导的状语从句“过去式”(be的过去式为were )(表示与现在事实相反)“had+过去分词”(表示与过去事实相反)（注意：如果as if 从句动作发生的可能性大，从句用陈述语气；如果可能性小，从句用虚拟语气）lest , for fear that, in case，so that, in order that等引导的目的状语从句Should /could/ would/might+动词原形 用于定语从句 It is (high) time that“过去式”“ should + 动词原形”(should 不能省略)三、高考大练兵1.【2012全国卷II】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money. A. canB. mightC. would D. need2.【2012福建】 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited3.【2012陕西】 If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 4.【2012山东】 If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A . havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made5.【2012湖南】 Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 6.【2012天津】 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered 7.【2012辽宁】 Jack is a great talker. Its high