草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术.doc

/ / / / 草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术草莓营养丰富,味道鲜美,于冬春水果淡季上市,价格一直稳居高位。由于草莓种植效益好,近年来栽培面积越来越大,仅盱眙县草莓栽培面积就以每年20%的速度增加。草莓采用无性繁殖,667 m2用苗量较大,且价格较高(667 m2栽6 000株以上,一般每株价格在0.40元以上),有时还比较紧缺,因此多数老种植户都选择自己繁殖种苗。在淮安地区,草莓繁苗时间为3月下旬至8月上旬,是雨水集中的时期,需要进行避雨栽培,因此多选在塑料大棚中进行。由于草莓繁苗占地时间较长,为了充分利用土地以及草莓繁苗田的设施和能源,通过试验总结出一套草莓繁殖田套种增效栽培技术,以弥补空闲时间的效益,现介绍如下。Strawberry nutrition is rich, delicious, fruit in the winter and spring season, the price has been stubbornly high. Because of better strawberry planting benefit, cultivation area in recent years, more and more big, only XuYiXian strawberry cultivation area increased at an annual rate of 20%. Strawberry the asexual reproduction, 667 m2 with seedling amount is larger, and the price is higher (667 m2 planted over 6 000 strains, general price at RMB 0.40 or above) of a piece of, sometimes more shortage, so most of the old farmers choose their breeding seedlings. In huaian region, strawberry numerous seedlings time is in late march and early of August, there is a concentration of rain period, the need for shelter, so choose more in plastic greenhouses. Because strawberries numerous seedlings for a long time, in order to make full use of land, and strawberry numerous MiaoTian facilities and energy, summed up a set of strawberry breeding field through test efficiency interplanting cultivation technology, to make up for the benefit of free time, are presented as follows. 1 土壤准备1 soil preparation 1.1 施足基肥1.1 sufficient basal 草莓繁苗生长期长,对土壤肥力要求较高,在育苗前半个月要进行土壤深耕,每667 m2施腐熟有机肥3 0004 000 kg、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾各10 kg,将肥料撒匀,结合整地翻入土中。Strawberry numerous seedlings growing period long, higher requirements on soil fertility, soil in nursery before half a month to agriculture, each 667 m2 rotten organic fertilizer rates 3 4 000 000 kg each 10 kg, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, fertilizer be sprinkled uniformly, combined with land preparation in the grave. 1.2 整地做畦1.2 soil preparation for beds 在翻耕好的宽6 m的大棚中心做沟,沟宽40 cm、深30 cm以上,在大棚两边做浅沟,沟宽20 cm左右。将沟中取出的土置于两个畦面上,畦宽2.5 m,用耧耙精细整地。栽母苗前,每667 m2用施田补80 g进行芽前除草。Greenhouses center in ploughing good 6 m wide groove, groove width more than 40 cm, 30 cm deep, do shallow groove on both sides in the greenhouse, about 20 cm wide. Remove groove in the soil in two strip surface, strip width 2.5 m, with Lou rake fine soil preparation. Before mother planted seedlings, each 667 m2 with ShiTian bud before the weeding fill 80 g. 2 种苗选择2 seed selection 2.1 品种选择2.1 variety selection 选择优质、高产、抗寒、抗逆的草莓品种,当前淮安地区在生产上常用的品种有红颊、丰香、枥木少女、章姬等。Selection of high quality, high yield, cold resistance, art strawberry varieties, huaian region currently commonly used in the production of varieties has red cheeks, FengXiang girl, tochigi, ZhangJi, etc. 2.2 种苗选择2.2 seedlings 一般繁育生产用苗多使用脱毒种苗作母苗,如果数量不足,可选用部分一代苗做母苗,这样的种苗病毒不多,繁殖能力强;普通苗或者二代苗、三代苗也可以留种,但管理技术要求较高。所有苗应没有病虫害,根系良好,长势整齐,具有34片叶。General breeding production made mother seedling seedling use more seedlings seedlings, if the quantity is less than some optional do mother seedling generation seedlings, the seedlings virus, strong ability to reproduce; Common seedling or second generation plants, three generations of seedlings can be stallion, but higher requirements management techniques. All seedlings should be no plant diseases and insect pests, the root system is good, looks like the tidy, 3 4 leaf. 3 定植母株3 the engraftment maternal 于3月下旬至4月中旬开始定植,沿中心沟一侧向畦面内留10 cm左右各定植1行,株距4050 cm,每667 m2定植440550株,通过匍匐茎的繁殖,可育成4万株左右生产苗。定植时母苗茎基部要与表土平齐,以上不埋心、下不露根为宜,定植后及时浇水。Began engraftment in late march until mid-april, lateral furrow surface along the center groove leaves 10 cm each engraftment in 1 row, planting distance of 40 50 cm, each 667 m2 engraftment 667 550, by stolons breeding, seedling produced around 40000 strains breeding. Engraftment mother seedling stem base with surface soil level, when the above is not buried under the heart, not the root, engraftment after watered them in time. 4 套种蔬菜4 interplanting vegetable 4.1 套种速生蔬菜4.1 y the fast-growing vegetables 在距离草莓母苗30 cm处向棚边种植一些速生蔬菜,如散叶生菜、空心菜、木耳菜、菜薹、青菜、大葱等,待草莓伸蔓后,泰山奇石从草莓一端向外逐渐采收,一般667 m2产量可达500 kg左右,大葱可产1 300 kg,667 m2收益增加2 000元左右。At 30 cm distance mother strawberry seedlings to grow some fast-growing vegetables, such as leaf lettuce, water spinach, agaric, extraction, green vegetables, green Chinese onion, etc., after being strawberries and tendril, gradually outward from strawberry harvest, 667 m2 production can reach 667 kg or so commonly, green Chinese onion can produce 300 kg of 1, 667 m2 gains 2 000 yuan. 4.2 套种蔓生蔬菜4.2 interplanting vining vegetables 利用大棚内侧棚架定植或点播豇豆、菜豆或早熟扁豆,如果是钢架大棚也可以点播丝瓜,采用渔网线吊蔓,667 m2可产豆类蔬菜400 kg或丝瓜600 kg。6月后,蔓生蔬菜的藤蔓可以帮助草莓苗遮阴,从而减少病毒病的发生。Using canopy inside the scaffolding engraftment or on-demand cowpeas, kidney beans, or premature lentils, if it is steel canopy can be on-demand loofah, USES the fishing net wire hanging tendril, 667 m2 can produce 400 kg of legumes or loofah 600 kg. After 6 months, sprawling vines of vegetables can help strawberry seedlings shade, thereby reducing the occurrence of virus disease. 5 田间管理5 field management 5.1 水肥管理5.1 management of sewage sludge 栽后及时浇水,以后每34 d浇1次小水。由于套种了其他蔬菜,而且草莓苗生长后期会铺满畦面,因此最好使用微喷带,链条可将水肥一次性施用。由于基肥施用比较充足,可在速生蔬菜采收后集中追肥1次,每667 m2施用雷力冲施肥10 kg。根据植株长势,还可向叶面喷施0.2%0.3%的磷酸二氢钾或高美施生物肥23次。Plant timely watering, after every 3 4 d after pouring num 1 times. Because other vegetables, interplanting and strawberry seedlings at later growth stage will be covered with bedding surface, so it is best to use micro spray belt, sewage sludge can be one-time use. Because more sufficient basal fertilizer, can in the fast-growing and vegetables after harvest concentrated fertilizer, leili fertilization 10 kg per 667 m2 application. According to plant growth, but also to the foliar spraying 0.2% 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high biological fertilizer 2 3 times. 5.2 疏理压蔓5.2 YaMan reorganization 当匍匐茎发出时,采用人工压蔓的方法将新发出的茎蔓向畦面中心轻轻拉伸,使其分布均匀,然后用小土块或细铅丝固定,生长期内注意及时疏理固定23次,以保证匍匐茎生长均匀。泰安车库门当子苗基本布满苗床时,要采取摘心的方法及时除掉多余的和细弱的匍匐茎,控制生长数量,一般每株母苗保留80100株子苗,多余的细小子苗在匍匐茎着地前摘除。When when stolons, adopt the method of artificial YaMan will be issued new vines to the centre strip gently stretching, the uniform distribution, and then with a small clump or lead wire is fixed, fixed growth period, pay attention to timely address 2 3 times, for the evenness of stolon growth. When basic is full of seedbed seedlings, want to pick heart method in a timely manner to eliminate redundant and thin stolons, control the growth quantity, average per female seedlings keep 80 100 plant seedlings, extra fine boy seedlings in stolons removed before landing. 5.3 摘老叶5.3 pick the leaflets 母株移植成活后,要及时摘除老叶,以减少母株的营养消耗,促进其生长,提高子苗繁殖率。Maternal survival after transplantatio