浙江省宁波市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精炼（5）.docVIP

阅读理解精炼（5）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicates small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. if caught there is little they can give away. a mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. he will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. in this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. all the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. if he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. to make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. one beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. there the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. an outfit in brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. more often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. this prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. as insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. even then things can go badly wrong. one international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing” for a fee of course. foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. when he got to londons heathrow airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90,000 in cash, destined for frankfurt. just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. when they landed at frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. he beat a straight path to the mens toilet, opened the case, and found only old clothes. the courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of england for me has stolen it.”1.what is a “mule”?a a person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule.a person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.c a person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.d a person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.2.the sentence “if he is blown” in line (6) is closest in meaning toa if he is arrested.if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested.c if he is recognized and arrested.d if he runs away.3.why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?a to show how a smuggler is caught.to show a smuggler is afraid of the police.c to show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.d to show mules may keep the profit for themselves.4.how does a mule work?a jointly.independently.c consciously.d separately.vocabulary1.fry 小鱼群，小生物群。这里的small fry是指辛迪加之子公司， 小走私集团或走私者2.sit tight 稳坐不动，坚持下去，这里指一直坐等着， 等到有人来和他联系。3.blown 欠账的，被炸毁的。这里指走私分子“出事”4.write off 销账，被勾销的项目。这里指把出事的骡子从名单上勾掉。5.written off as a loss 作为损失销账。6.embark (on) 开始搞，从事，上船。7.grip 紧握8.high up 高处，这里指高一级走私人9.fix thing 这里指“摆平事情”，解决问题10.beat 踏上11.switch 转变，调换难句译注1.in this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.【结构简析】条件句【参考译文】这样，一旦在他通过机场检查处时出事，他不可能愚蠢地把检查事务官引到锁链的下一个环节。2.there the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying.【结构简析】主从句。主句中分词断语wearing修饰trainee。从句中and连接两组介词短语，后有一宾语从句what they are carrying。这实际上是with(without) +v-ing+object基本句型。【参考译文】在那里，走私者衣服下穿着装有东西的厚厚的走私背心，连续几个小时坐着，所以他们在长时间飞行后，能习惯于很自然地站起来而不暴露他们身上携带的一切。3.an outfit in brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning.【结构简析】句子结构复杂。where定语从句修饰apartment，从句中and连接两个谓语动词，后面又用分毫隔开另一句分句。【参考译文】布鲁塞尔一家走私集团长期包了一套舒适的公寓。在那里走私分子可以休息，在第一次上路前的夜晚，好好控制下自己；早上出发去机场前，有人帮他们穿好衣服。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍走私分子（绰号为骡子）的文章，采用一般到具体的写作手法。先从走私集团对具体走私分子实行单线，单方面联系，分配任务，以免他被逮住后出卖更多的人，危及走私集团。接货地点的人根据各集团自制的识别标志“会员联系信号带”和走私者联系。随后是具体培训走私分子，防范措施及出岔子等一般面谢佐以具体例子作说明，如：贝鲁特走私集团培训和从伦敦运送美金到法兰克福的事件。答案详解1.c mule，骡子是为走私集团交货人的称呼，绰号。a. 是为走私集团具体运送走私货物的人。只运送，不交货不能成为骡子。b.负责走私货物的人。也不对，负责者不一定运送和交货。d.从走私者那里接受指示的人。更不对。2.b blown原义为：欠账了的，被炸毁的，坏了等。这里指：走私分子在过海关，机场检查处出事，不一定被逮捕。a.逮捕。c.认出，逮捕。d.逃跑。都不符合blown原义。3.d 说明走私分子会把利益归己。最后一段第一句“有时，走私分子带着货物逃跑，把利益归己”。走私集团为防范此事，常常派遣高级人物监视走私人，特别是新走私者，也于事无补。这段的具体例子：“走私者和委托人同机飞行，到法兰克福机场，9万美金也是不翼而飞，走私者已经捞到手。”就是说明走私者可以为自己留下财路。a.走私者被捕之事，例子中没有提及。b.走私者不去警察局报案，并不易定是害怕警察局，而是报不了。c.监督毫无用处。是副线。4.d单个干。这在第一段一开始就点明：“走私商的上层人物（头面人物）必须一起工作，而大多数辛迪加的小组织，特别是走私分子，他们只知道他们的直接联系人。一旦他们被逮捕，就没有什么可以出卖的。一个骡子甚至连给他指示的人的姓名都不知道，也不知道如何和此人联系”。a.共同干。b.独立干，走私分子不是独立，大多数是在监督之下。c.有意识地干，上下都是有意识地干。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。federal regulators wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones. text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. the wireless industrys trade association, ctia, estimates(估计)more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month. the plan comes from the warning alert and response network act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nations emergency alert system. the act tasked the federal communications commission(fcc) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. “the ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the american public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” fcc chairman kevin martin said following approval of the plan. participation in the alert system by carrierstelecommunications companiesis voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. the program would be optional for cell phone users. they also may not be charged for receiving alerts.there would be three different types of messages, according to the rules. the first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. the second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. the third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called amber alerts. the service could be in place by 2010.1. what is the purpose of the approved plan? a. to warn people of emergencies via messages.b. to popularize the use of cell phones.c. to estimate the monthly number of messages.d. to promote the wireless industry.2. the improvement to the present system is in the charge of.a. ctia b. the warning alert and response network actc. fcc d. federal regulators3. the carriers participation in the system is determined by.a. the us federal government b. mobile phone usersc. the carriers themselves d. the law of the united states4. which of the following is true of cell phone users? a. they must accept the alert service. b. they may enjoy the alert service for free.c. they must send the alerts to others. d. they may choose the types of messages.5. an alert message will not be sent if.a. a child loses his way b. a university shooting happensc. a natural disaster happens d. a terrorist attack occurs6. which of the following would be the best title for the text? a. cell phone alerts protecting students b. cell phone alerts by wireless industryc. cell phone alerts of natural disasters d. cell phone alerts coming soon【参考答案】15、accba 6、d 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. however, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.in the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. by 1538, the french king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. so did the king of england in 1546. thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. henry iv, king of france, was famously dirty. upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since world war .advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.on the contrary，mary ruebush，an american immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.and the latter position is gaining some ground.本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。1the kings of france and england in the 16th century closed bath houses because _.athey lived healthily in a dirty environmentbthey thought bath houses were too dirty to stay incthey believed disease could be spread in public bathsdthey considered bathing as the cause of skin disease答案：c。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知c项正确。2which of the following best describes henry ivs attitude to bathing?aafraid. bcurious.capproving. duninterested.答案：a。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。3. how does the passage mainly develop?a. by providing examples.b. by making comparisons.c. by following the order of time.d. by following the order of importance.答案：c。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。4what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a. to stress the role of dirt.b. to introduce the history of dirt.c. to call attention to the danger of dirt.d. to present the change of views on dirt.答案：d。细节理解题。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). suddenly, youre yawning with him, though youre not tired. this phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words. hugo critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. according to critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how were feeling. “emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “there are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions. when were in a group, these signals can spread to another person. for example, theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”hugo critchley further explained, “our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the sa