直接引语 间接引语.doc

now现在 then那时 today 今天 that day 那天 tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上 this week 这星期 that week那个星期 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天 last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期 ago以前 before 以前 tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天 next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：She said, “I am very happy to be with you.” She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：He asked me, “Do you like watching TV?”He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?”He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.注意：大多数情况下， if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether or not he could do the work. / She asked me whether he could do the work or not.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的连接词who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：He asked: “Where are you to get off, John?” He asked John where he was to get off.My sister asked me, “How do you like the play?”My sister asked me how I liked the play.Tom asked me, “Who is the boy over there?”Tom asked me, “Who was the boy over there?”4. 直接引语是祈使句，其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气)，tell(一般语气)，order (命令语气)或warn, advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成。如：He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”He asked me to go there again the next day.“Be careful with the dog.”He warned me to be careful with the dog.5. 直接引语变间接引语时，如果引述动词为过去式，需注意时态的变化：如：1) Betty said, “Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 现在进行时Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时2) He said, “I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时He said he would go to London next week. 过去将来时3) My mother said, “I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时My mother said she had already cleaned the house. 过去完成时注意:1. 直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，主句尽管是过去时态，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。例如：They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.2. 直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。如：thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere comego等。例如：He said, “I havent seen them today.” He said that he hadnt seen them that day.但是，如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方，或在说话的当天，就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之,对这些变化不能机械理解，应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。3. 间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：He asked Lucy,“Where did you go?”He asked Lucy where she w请把下列各句中的直接引语改为间接引语。1. Mr Liu said, “She gets up late.”Mr Liu said that _ _ up late.2. He said to me, “I can finish my homework now.”He said to me that _ _ finish his homework _.3. “My brother joined the army in 1970,” he said.He said that _ brother _ the army in 1970.4. “I want to go to see a movie,” said Mary.Mary said _ _ to go to see a movie.5. Mum said, “I put your coat here.”Mum said that _ put _ coat _.6. He said, “My brother doesnt want to come here now.”He said that his brother _ want to _ _ _.7. Betty said, “These apples are Linglings.”Betty said _ apples _ Linglings.8. Tony said, “We are going to Guangzhou tonight.”Tony said _ _ going to Guangzhou _ _.1. she got 2. he could; then 3. his; joined4. she wanted 5. she; my; there6. didnt; go there then 7. those; were8. they were; that night【练习】把下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语。1. Betty said, “The earth goes around the sun.”Betty said _.2. His father told him, “Please go home after school.”His father told him _.3. Mum said, “Mary is doing her homework in the room.”Mum said _.4. She asked, “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”She asked _5. “Who will go to meet him?” asked my friend.My friend ask