高考必备词汇L.doc

高考必备词汇Aabnormal / / adj. 反常的；异常的【例】Is this child abnormal in any way? （这孩子有没有在哪些方面不正常？）【反】normal 正常的【例】Rainfall has been above normal this July.（今年七月降雨量超出正常值。）normally adv. 正常地，一般地，通常【例】I normally go to bed early but I stayed up late last night. （我通常很早上床，但我昨晚很晚才睡。）abroad / / adv. 在国外【例】I think Ill take a trip abroad somewhere. （我想我将来会去国外某处旅游。）【短语】return from abroad （从国外返回）go abroad （去国外）acceptable / / adj. 可接受的；值得欢迎的【例】Cheapness is not the only factor that makes them acceptable.（便宜并不是使他们深受欢迎的唯一因素。）acceptance n. 接受；同意 give acceptance to sth. 接受access / / n. 接近的机会；享用机会【例】You can easily get access to him. （你很容易接近/见到他。） All the students have access to the library during the vacation. （所有的学生假期都能使用图书馆。） The only access to that building is along that muddy track. （到那建筑物的唯一通路是沿着那泥泞路走。） Students need easy access to books. （学生们需要有方便的借书途径。）accessible adj. 容易取得，达到的【例】Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. （药品不应放在孩子们容易拿到的地方。）【反】inaccessible adj. 不能达到的【例】These places are inaccessible to ordinary vehicles.（普通车辆无法到达这些地方。） A doctor must have a telephone accessible at all times. （医生必需有一部随时方便使用的电话。）accommodation / / n. 住处；设施account / / v. 认为；说明，解释 n. 原因；理由；考虑【例】They account the new employee faithful. （他们认为新来的雇员可信。）【短语】account for 解释【例】How do you account for the accident? （你如何解释这次事故?）on account of 因为，由于take sth into account = take sth into consideration 把加以考虑accountant / / n.会计人员accounting / / n. 会计accuse / / vt. 指责【例】The teacher accused him of cheating in the examination.（老师指责他在考试中作弊。）He was accused as a spy. （他被指控为特务。）【短语】Charge sb with 【例】The police charge that driver with careless driving.（警方指控那位司机粗心驾驶。）accusation / / n.指责accustomed / / adj. 习惯的【例】He is not accustomed to living abroad. （他不习惯于国外生活。）【同】be used to sth. / doing sth.【短语】get / become / grow accustomed to 习惯于【例】Ive grown accustomed to looking after you. （我已习惯于照顾你。）achievement / / n. 成就；成绩【例】What he has done gives him a feeling of achievement.（他所做的一切让他感到有一种成就感。）actively / / adv. 积极地；勤奋地【反】inactively 不积极地action n. 行为；举动 take action 采取行动 come into action 开始行动active a. 积极的 take an active part in 积极参加 = be an active is = become an active isacupuncture / / n.针灸adapt / / vt. 使适应；改编【例】We should adapt ourselves to the charged conditions. （我们应该适应变化了的环境。）We must adapt our thinking to the new circumstances. （我们必须把自己的思想适应新环境。）This author is going to adapt his play for television. （作者要把他的剧本改编成电视。）adaptation n. 适应 改编adaptable adj. 善于适应的；适应性强的adequate / / adj. 足够的；胜任的；适应的【例】Adequate measures have been taken to solve this problem. （已经采取适当措施来解决这一问题。）The supply is not adequate to the demands. （供不应求）His knowledge of French was adequate for the job, though he was not fluent in the language. （尽管他讲得不流利，但他的法语知识足以让他能胜任这项工作。）admire / / v. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕【例】I admire him for his courage. （我很佩服他的勇气。）admiration n. 钦佩 be filled with admiration for sb. （对某人充满钦佩的心情。）admirable adj. 令人钦佩的adventure / / n. 激动人心的活动（经历）【例】The trip to Egypt was an adventure for him. （埃及之行是一次令他兴奋的经历。）【说明】比较 adventure, venture, riskadventure: 带刺激、兴奋的活动（可能有危险）， love adventure（喜欢冒险）venture: 带有以自己的生命、金钱作赌注进行冒险或投机，尤指成败难测的商业活动。a business venture （商业风险）risk: 指有风险的各种事，包括金钱的风险，生命健康的危险。【例】He ran the risk of losing his life to save the boy. （他冒着生命危险去救那个男孩。）advertise / / vi. 登广告【例】We should advertise for someone to look after the garden. （我们应登广告招聘人来照料花园。）advertisement n. 广告advertiser n. 登广告的人advisor / / n. （美）（学生的）指导老师advise vt. 劝告、建议、通知【例】to advise sb to do 建议某人做某事The doctor advised him to give up smoking. （医生建议他戒烟。）to advise doing sth. 建议做某事They advised putting off the sports meet till next week. （他们建议运动会推迟到下周） to advise sb on 就某方面提出忠告The teacher has advised us on how to improve our English.（老师就如何提高英语给我们一些建议。）to advise thatclause (subjunctive mood) 后跟虚拟形式We advised that steps (should) be taken at once. （我们建议马上采取措施。）to advise sb. against sth. / doing sth. （劝某人不要做某事。）advice n. （不可数） give much advice 提出许多建议afford / / v. 担负得起，买得起，花得起（时间），供给，给予【例】to afford sth.He cant afford the camera he is longing for, because it is too expensive. （他买不起他想要的照相机，太贵了。） to afford to do sth.We cant afford to go away for a holiday. （我们抽不出时间去度假。） to afford sb. sth.Tomorrows meeting will afford us the opportunity of discussing some important question. （明天的会议将给我们提供讨论若干重要问题的机会。）aim / / n. 目的 vi. 瞄准Albert / / Einstein / / 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦alphabet / / n. 字母表alter / / vt. 改变、变更 vi.【例】You have altered since I last saw you. （自从我上次见到你之后，你变了。）Nothing can alter the fact. （没有什么东西能改变这一事实。）alternative adj. & n. 二中挑一，两者选一的【例】They have no alternative but to keep up their courage. （他们除了鼓足勇气外，别无选择。） have no alternative but to do = have no choice but to do There are alternative answers to your question. （解答你的问题有好几种答案可供选择。）alternate adj. 交替的amazement /meizmnt/ n. 惊奇；惊愕【例】To my amazement, I came first in the examination. （令我吃惊的是，我在考试中得了第一。） He looked at me in amazement. （他惊奇地望着我。）amazing adj. 令人惊奇的amaze v. 使惊讶；使惊愕。【短语】to amaze sb.New scientific discoveries constantly amaze us.（新的科学发现常使我们感到惊异。）to be amazed to do sth.Father was amazed to find his son had got 100 marks.（父亲惊奇地发现他的儿子得了100分。）be amazed that ClauseThey are amazed that we have made so many great achievements in such a short time.（他们对我们在很短的时间内取得如此大的成绩而感到惊讶。）be amazed by sth.I am amazed by what you tell me. （你告诉我的事使我惊讶。）analyse /nlaiz/ vt. 分析；解析；分解（混合物）【例】The food was analysed and found to contain small amounts of poison. （分析食物后发现含有少量毒素。）【短语】analyse a sentence （分析句子）【说明】（AmE美语拼写法）analyzeanalysis n. 分析【短语】by analysis （通过分析）make an analysis of sth. （对某事进行分析）analysable adj. 可分析的anchovy /ntvi/ n. 鳀鱼announcement /nansmnt/ n. 宣布【例】This announcement greatly excited us.（这一宣布使我们非常激动。）announcer n. 广播员；报幕员announce v. 宣布；宣称；预示【例】The new government announced its policy at once. （新政府立即宣布了政策。） Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm. （聚集的乌云预示着有暴雨来临。）Antarctic / / n. 南冰洋 the AntarcticAppalachian / / Mountains 阿巴拉契亚山脉（北美洲）apply / / vi. 申请；应用；运用；适用【例】to apply sth.He asked the teacher how to apply the chemical formula.（他问老师如何应用化学方程式。）to apply to sth.【例】Theory must be applied to practice .（理论必须应用于实践中去。）to apply to sb. for sth.【例】He applied to the boss for a well-paid job.（他向老板申请了一份收入很可观的工作。）Apply some medicine to wound.（给它的伤口上点药吧。）to apply oneself to （致力于）He applied himself to the study of the English language.（他刻苦学习英语。）application n. 申请；应用appoint / / vt. 任命；委派；约定【例】to appoint sb. sth.They will appoint him chairman of the students union.（他们将任命他为学生会主席。） to appoint sb. as sth.The government appointed Mr. Wu as the Chinese Ambassador at Moscow.（政府任命吴先生为中国驻莫斯科大使。） to appoint sth.The time appointed for the meeting was 2 p.m.（大会定于下午2时召开。）appointment n. 任命；委派；约会【短语】arrange an appointment （安排一次约会）make an appointment with sb. （约会）appreciation n. 感谢；欣赏【例】How can we express our appreciation for your help?（我们怎样才能表达对你们给予的帮助的感激之情呢？）Their appreciation of the performance was expressed in loud cheers.（他们高声喝彩表示欣赏这场表演。）appreciate v. 感激；欣赏；鉴赏【短语】appreciate ones doing sth. （感谢某人作了某事）appreciate ones kindness in doing sth. （感谢某人作了某事）【说明】appreciate，enjoy两词都作“欣赏”解，但appreciate指有一定的理解力和鉴赏水平，enjoy指从欣赏中取得乐趣或从中获得享受。arithmetic / / n. 算术Arkansas / / River 阿肯色河（在美国中部）arrest / / vt. 拘捕【例】I have learned from the newspaper that all the strikers have been arrested.（我从报纸上得知，所有的罢工工人都已被逮捕。）arrival / / n. 到达arrive v. 到达artificial / / adj. 仿真的；人造的；人为的；做作的【例】artificial lake 人工湖 artificial silk 人造丝 artificial smile 假笑 artificial flower 假花【反】natural adj. 自然的；天生的【例】natural resources 自然资源 natural death 自然死亡 a natural sense of humour 天生的一种幽默感【说明】false，artificialashamed / / adj. 惭愧的；难辩的【例】to be ashamed to do He was ashamed to make such a silly mistake.（他对犯了如此愚蠢的错误很惭愧。） to feel/be ashamed that She feels ashamed that she has failed in the examination.（她考试没及格感到很不好意思。） to be ashamed at sth. 因而感到惭愧 to be ashamed of doing sth. 因而感到惭愧He was ashamed of having asked such a simple question.（他因问了这样一个简单的问题而羞愧。）shame v. & n. 羞愧；值得惋惜之事【例】What a shame! （多可惜！）assassinate / / vt. 暗杀assassination / / n. 暗杀assign / / vt. 分配；布置（作业）；指定【短语】to assign sb. sth.【例】How many chapters did the teacher assign for homework?（老师留了多少张作为家庭作业？）Never assign the students so much homework.（千万不要给学生留这么多的作业。）The monitor assigned him to sweep the floor after school.（班长指定他放学后扫地。）assignment n. 作业；分配assistance / / n. 帮助assist v. 帮助assistant n. 助手；帮手associate / / n. 伙伴【例】The thief and his associates were caught by the police. （小偷及其同伙被警方抓获。） v. 结合；联想；交往 【短语】to associate with sb.They prefer to associate with friends their own age. （他们宁愿与其同年龄的朋友交往。）I associated with him in business. （我和他合作经商。）【短语】to associate sb./sth. with sth./sb.The sea is always associated with the summer vacation. （夏天总是与海联想在一起的。）association / / football （英式）足球Atlanta / / 亚特兰大（美国城市）atlas / / n. 地图册atom / / n. 原子atomic / / adj. 原子（能）的attach / / vt. 系；连接；使依附；依恋【例】The middle school where he used to study is attached to a teachers college. （过去他就读的那所中学附属于一所师范学院。）He attached a stamp to the envelope. （他把邮票贴在信封上。）The students in the class are much attached to each other. （班上的同学相互都很有感情。）attempt / / n. 企图， v. 尝试；试图【例】They succeeded at the first attempt. （他们旗开得胜。）I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. （我试图发言，但被告知保持沉默。）【短语】make an attempt 试图give up the attempt 放弃尝试【说明】attempt后接动词不定式或动名词均可，多数用动词不定式。attempter n. 尝试者【说明】try和attemptattempt较try正式，含有相当的努力、企图的意思。try为普通常用语。【例】Ill try and come tomorrow. （我明天尽可能来。）attention / / n. 注意；留心【短语】pay attention to sth. 注意【例】He didnt pay any close attention to these details. （他没有密切注意到这些细节。） give/draw attention to 注意 call ones attention to 叫某人注意某事 devote ones attention to 专心于attentive adj. 注意的；关心的attentively adv. 注意地；专注地 = with attentionattract / / vi. & vt. 吸引；引起的注意【例】Her unusual manners were intended to attract. （她举止异常，旨在引人注目。）attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力attraction n. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的；迷人的【反】unattractive 不吸引人的【说明】attract 吸引。用法：attract sb.（吸引某人）、be attracted by（被所吸引）tempt 引诱，诱惑。用法：tempt sb. to do sth.（诱惑某人作某事）【例】Nothing can tempt me to make such a stupid mistake.（任何事情都不能诱使我犯这样愚蠢的错误。）Austria / / n. 奥地利average / / adj. 平均的；平常的；一般标准的 v. 平均 n. 平均；平均数【例】He is a man of average height. （他是个中等身材的人。）The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. （这个班男生的平均年龄是15岁。）The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily. （那家旅馆平均每天接待50到100名外国客人。）【短语】on average; on the average; on an average 平均起来above the average 在一般水准之上below the average 在一般水准之下up to the average 到了平均标准await / / vt. 等待【例】They are anxiously awaiting the result of the examination. （他们正在焦急地等着考试的结果。）【说明】await和wait for意思相同，日常口语中用wait for较多。await后只能跟名词或代词，wait后可跟不定式。awake / / v. 醒，醒来；唤起 adj. 醒着的；觉察【例】The drunken man awoke to find himself lying in a ditch. （醉汉醒来发现自己躺在一条小沟里。）We must awake to the danger ahead of us. （我们必须认识到摆在我们面前的危险。）This old picture awoke old memories. （这张老照片唤起对以往的回忆。）【说明】awake是个表语形容词，在句中只能作表语，不可作定语。只能说a man who is awake，不能说an awake man。very不可修饰表语形容词，不能说very awake，应说wide awake（完全醒着）。awake过去式、过去分词为（awoke, awoke / awaked）awaken / / vt. 唤醒；叫醒【例】He was awakened by the singing of birds in the trees. （他被树上的鸟叫声吵醒了。）We must awaken him to a sense of responsibility. （我们必须要让他意识到他的一种责任感。）【说明】awaken过去式awakened，过去分词awakenedawaken sb. to sth. 让/使某人意识到某事，常用及物动词awaken to sth. 意识到某事，常用不及物动词。awfully / / adv. 口语极度地，非常【例】I am awfully sorry to wake you up. （很抱歉把你吵醒了。）Theres an awfully long queue at the ticket office. （售票处排着相当长的队。）awful adj. 可怕的；糟糕的awkward / / adj. 尴尬的；笨手笨脚的【例】He is now in an awkward position. （他现在正处于一个尴尬的境地。）He is still awkward with a knife and fork and drops food at each meal. （他现在用起刀叉来仍然很不熟练，每顿饭都把食物弄掉。）Bbackground / / n. 背景；家庭出身；教育经历等情况baggage / / n. 行李（不可数名词）【例】Customs officers examined all baggage at the airport.（海关官员检查了机场中所有的行李。）【短语】baggage-room 行李房 baggage-car 行李车厢【说明】在美国英语中用baggage，而在英国英语中用luggage。均为不可数名词。Baptist / / adj. 浸礼会教派的bare / / adj. 赤裸裸的，光秃秃的barely adv. 仅仅，刚刚，勉强 【短语】barelywhen=hardlywhen=no sooner than 一就 【例】He had barely arrived when he had to leave again. (他刚一到就又得走。)bargain / / n. 交易，特价商品；协议 v. 讨价还价【例】That radio is really a bargain. (那台收音机真便宜。)【短语】make a bargain with sb. (与某人达成协议) a bargain sale 大减价【例】She spent hours bargaining about the vegetables. (他花了好几小时位买蔬菜讨价还价)base / / vt. 把建立在基础上，以为基础【短语】base sth. on/upon sth. 建立在基础上 sth. be based on/upon sth. 把建立在基础上 【例】The book is based on a true story. (这本书是根据一个真实的故事编写的。)basic adj. 基本的basically adv. 基本地，基本上说来，从根本上basis n. 基础，前提 【短语】on the basis of sth. 以为前提，在基础上bat / / vi. 用球棒（或球拍）击球 n. 球拍beat / / n. （音乐的）拍子；节拍 v. 打，打败 vi. （心脏等）跳动【例】Every member of the band must follow the beat very closely. (乐队的每个成员都必须严格遵循节拍。) I was beaten by a puzzling problem. (我让一道迷惑不解的题难住了。) The rain was beating against the window. （雨点打在窗户上。）【说明】beat 和 defeat 都可以当“打败”解，但使用场合不一样。 beat，指打败比赛对手。【例】Our champion can beat all runners in the country.(我们的冠军能战胜全国所有的赛跑选手。) defeat，专门用来指打败战争中的敌人，偶尔也用来指比赛。【例】After a year of war, they were badly defeated.(一年战争之后，他们便遭到了惨败。)beneath / / adv. 在下方；在下面 prep. 在下面，在底部【例】We could hear the trains rumbling beneath. (我们可以听见火车在下面隆隆而过的声音。) Such an ill-mannered person is beneath my notice. (如此无理的人，我是不屑一顾的。) Everything beneath the moon looks charming. (月光照耀下的万物看上去都很迷人。)【说明】under，below，beneath under：“在下面”有“垂直在下”的意思。 below：“在下面”是相对位置的高低。 beneath：“在（紧挨表面的）下面” 【例】The earth felt soft beneath our feet. (我们脚下的地面踩上去很松软。) 用于引伸意义，表示（社会地位）“在下”，“不值得” 【短语】beneath sb. 与某人不相称 beneath ones notice 不屑一顾benefit / / v. 有利于；受益 n. 利益【例】This newly-built railway will benefit the district. (新建的铁路会有利于这个地区。) We benefit greatly by this frank talk. (这次坦率的交谈使我们受益非浅。) His invention is of great benefit to the whole society. (他的发明有益于全社会。)【短语】benefit from 从中受益beneficial 【短语】be beneficial to sb. 有益于big-game / / n. 大猎物（象、狮子等）bind / / （bound, bound） vt. 使粘合；包扎；粘合。I bound the cloth around my head to stop the bleeding. （为了止血，我在头上包了一块布。）Bind the layers of wood together with glue. （用胶水把木头一层层粘起来。）【短语】be bound to 一定会；准会；有责任；必须。【例】You are bound to pay the tax. （你理应纳税。）blare / / vt. 鸣。【短语】blare the horns 鸣喇叭blind / / vt. 使失明。 adj. 暗的；失明的；盲目的。【例】He fell on something with a sharp point and blinded himself in both eyes.（他摔倒在一个尖端锋利的东西上弄瞎了自己的双眼。）I just made a blind guess at the answer, I didnt think about it properly. （我只是盲目地猜了一下答案，没仔细考虑。）blindly adv. 盲目地blindness n. 盲目性【说明】blind可以用作v.，也可用作adj.。双目失明可用以下几种方式表达：blind oneself in both eyes be blinded in both eyes be blind in both eyes 而be blind to或be blinded to则为看不见。【例】He is blind to his own faults.（他看不到自己的缺点。） His desire for a great success blinded himself to all the difficulties that lay ahead.（他急于成功竟让他看不到摆在前面的困难。）bookkeeping / / n. 簿记。boom / / vi. 迅速繁荣。 n. 繁荣；兴隆。【例】Business has been booming recently.（生意近来一直很兴隆。） After the depression, there was a business boom.（萧条之后，生意又迅速繁荣起 来。）boss / / n. 老板；上司。bossy adj. 爱压人的；有上司派头的。bottom / / n. 底；底部。【短语】at the bottom of 在底部 from the bottom of ones heart 从心里；由衷的。 【例】I assure you from the bottom of my heart that I know nothing of the matter. （我由衷的向你保证，我对此事一无所知。） from top to bottom 从上到下【反】at the top of 在顶部bowling / / n. 保龄球戏。boycott / / n. 抵制。【例】 This boycott and others contributed to an important new law.（这次联合抵制以及其他的抵制浪潮对一项新法律起作用。）brain / / n. 脑；头脑；有头脑的人。【例】Despite all its accomplishments, the so-called electronic brain must be programmed by a human brain.（尽管它有如此多的成就，所谓的电脑还是必须有人脑编制程序。）Some of the best brains in the country are here tonight.（国家的一些首脑人物今晚都在这儿。）【短语】brain drain 人才外貌broadcast / / n. 广播。 v. 播送【例】So you like to listen to the live broadcast of the basketball match?（你喜欢听现场篮球广播吗？）browse / / vi. & vt. 随便翻阅【例】He browsed the newspaper while having his breakfast.（吃饭时，他常随便翻翻报纸。）They spent hours in the bookstore just browsing through books and magazines.（他们在书店把时间花在随便翻阅书籍杂志上。）B.S. （Bachelor of Science） 理学士bulb / / n. 灯泡bullet / / n. 枪弹，子弹bump / / vt. &vi. 碰撞；颠簸【例】The room was dark, and I bumped my head against the door. （房里很黑，我把头撞到了门上。）The car bumping along the rough road, I felt carsick. （当小车在崎岖不平的公路上颠簸时，我感到有点晕车。）bumpy adj. 起伏不平的【短语】bump into 偶然碰到 【例】After dinner, when walking along the street, w