Static、RIP、EIGRP和OSPF的重分布.doc

路由重分布：RIP、EIGRP和OSPF的重分布当许多运行多路由的网络要集成到一起时，必须在这些不同的路由选择协议之间共享路由信息。在路由选择协议之间交换路由信息的过程称为路由重分布（Route Redistribute）路由重分布时，计量单位和管理距离是必须要考虑的因素。每一种路由协议都有自己的度量标准，所以在进行重分布时必须转换度量标准，使得它们兼容。种子度量值（Seed Metric）是定义在路由重分布里的，它是一条从外部重分布进来的路由的初始度量值。路由协议默认的种子度量值如下表：路由协议默认种子度量值RIP无限大EIGRPOSPFBGP为1，其他为20IS-IS0BGPIGP的度量值路由重分布中应该考虑的一些问题：路由环路：路由器有可能从一个自治系统学到的路由信息发送回该自治系统，特别是在做双向重分布的时候路由信息的兼容性问题，每一种路由协议的度量标准metric不同，所以路由器通过重分布所选择的路径可能并非最佳路径；不一致的收敛问题，因为不同的路由协议收敛时间不同 实验 RIP、EIGRP和OSPF的重分布实验拓扑：实验目的：1. 种子度量值的配置2. 路由重分布参数的配置3. 静态路由重分布的配置4. RIP和EIGRP的重分布5. EIGRP和OSPF的重分布6. 重分布路由的查看和调试实验步骤和调试：1、根据拓扑配置路由器R1、R2、R3和R4R1R1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#version 2R1(config-router)#no autoR1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR1(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0R2R2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#version 2R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.0R2(config-router)#exitR2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config-router)#network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255R3R3(config)#router eigrp 100R3(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config-router)#network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255R3(config-router)#exitR3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4R4(config)#router ospf 100R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4(config-router)#network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 02、在R1上向RIP区域重分布静态路由R1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#redistribute static metric 3在向RIP区域重分布路由的时候，必须指定度量值，或者通过default-metric设置默认种子度量值，因为RIP默认的种子度量值为无限大，只有重分布静态特殊，可以不指定种子度量值。3、在R2上将RIP重分布进EIGRP中，EIGRP重分布进RIP中R2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 100 255 1 1500R2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 4由于EIGRP的度量值相对复杂，所以在重分布时，需要分别设置带宽、延迟、可靠性、负载以及MTU的参数值。在Redistribute命令中用参数metric指定的种子度量值优先于在路由模式下使用default-metric命令设定的默认的种子度量值4、在R3上将EIGRP重分布进OSPF中，OSPF重分布进EIGRP中R3(config)#router eigrp 100R3(config-router)#redistribute ospf 100 metric 1000 100 255 1 1500R3(config-router)#exitR3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 subnets5、在R1上查看路由表R1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.034.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 34.0.0.0 120/4 via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial2/11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback02.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 2.2.2.0 120/1 via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial2/13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 3.3.3.0 120/4 via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial2/14.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 4.4.4.4 120/4 via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial2/123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 23.0.0.0 120/4 via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, Serial2/1172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/012.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R1#以上输出表明R1通过RIPv2学到从R2重分布进RIP的路由。6、在R2上查看路由表R2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 12.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.034.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 34.0.0.0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.3, 00:11:13, Serial2/11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 1.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:08, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback03.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 3.3.3.0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.3, 00:11:13, Serial2/14.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 4.4.4.4 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.3, 00:11:13, Serial2/123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/112.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/2R* 0.0.0.0/0 120/1 via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:09, Serial2/2R2#以上输出表明从路由器R1上重分布进RIP的默认路由被R2学习到了，路由代码为R*；在路由器R3上重分布进来的OSPF路由也被路由器R2学到，且代码为D EX，这也说明EIGRP能够识别内部路由和外部路由，且外部路由管理距离为170,由于默认时，内部路由的管理距离为90，外部的管理距离为1707、在R3上查看路由表R3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 23.0.0.2 to network 0.0.0.034.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 1.1.1.0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:35:21, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 2.2.2.0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:35:21, Serial2/23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback04.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 4.4.4.4 110/65 via 34.0.0.4, 01:00:27, Serial2/123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/212.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 12.0.0.0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:35:21, Serial2/2D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 170/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:13:16, Serial2/2R3#以上输出表明，从路由器R2上重分布进EIGRP的路由被路由器R3学习到，默认路由代为D*EX，同时EIGRP外部的管理距离为170，我们可以通过distance eigrp来修改管理距离。R3(config)#router eigrp 100R3(config-router)#distance eigrp 90 160*Aug 13 20:03:40.355: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 23.0.0.2 (Serial2/2) is down: route configuration changed*Aug 13 20:03:41.159: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 23.0.0.2 (Serial2/2) is up: new adjacency/管理距离修改后，Eigrp邻居关系重新建立成功R3(config-router)#do show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 23.0.0.2 to network 0.0.0.034.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 1.1.1.0 160/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:06, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 2.2.2.0 160/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:06, Serial2/23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback04.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 4.4.4.4 110/65 via 34.0.0.4, 01:07:39, Serial2/123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/212.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD EX 12.0.0.0 160/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:08, Serial2/2D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 160/3097600 via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:09, Serial2/2R3(config-router)#显示修改后的管理距离（外部）为160，修改成功。8、在R4上查看路由表R4#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E2 1.1.1.0 110/20 via 34.0.0.3, 00:04:30, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E2 2.2.2.0 110/20 via 34.0.0.3, 00:04:30, Serial2/23.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 34.0.0.3, 01:12:09, Serial2/24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback023.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E2 23.0.0.0 110/20 via 34.0.0.3, 00:28:37, Serial2/212.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E2 12.0.0.0 110/20 via 34.0.0.3, 00:04:31, Serial2/2R4#以上输出表明，从路由器R3上重分布进OSPF的路由被路由器R4学到，代码为O E2，并且外部路径成本默认为20，我们通过metric-type设置类型，或者metric参数设置外部路径成本。R3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 subnets metric 30 metric-type 1R4#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 1.1.1.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:00:53, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 2.2.2.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:00:53, Serial2/23.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 34.0.0.3, 01:22:14, Serial2/24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback023.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 23.0.0.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:00:53, Serial2/212.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 12.0.0.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:00:54, Serial2/2R4#我们通过修改现在类型为O E1，外部路径为94，但是我们发现没有学到外网引进的默认路由，我们还需要添加向OSPF中注入一条默认路由R3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#default-information originate alwaysR4#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 34.0.0.3 to network 0.0.0.034.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial2/21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 1.1.1.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:06:38, Serial2/22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 2.2.2.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:06:38, Serial2/23.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 34.0.0.3, 01:27:58, Serial2/24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback023.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 23.0.0.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:06:38, Serial2/212.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 12.0.0.0 110/94 via 34.0.0.3, 00:06:38, Serial2/2O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 110/1 via 34.0.0.3, 00:00:26, Serial2/2R4#9、最后我们查看一下协议R3#show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is eigrp 100O