高考英语一轮复习 Unit3 Life in the future精品学案 新人教版必修5.docVIP

2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：unit3 life in the future（新人教版必修5）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1. impression n. 印象；感想；印记1）固定搭配：make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象be under the impression that. 觉得；以为make no impression on 对无影响/效果give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象first impressions are most important. 第一印象最重要。his impression of her=her impression on him 她给他留下的印象2）其动词形式impress用法：impress 作“使（某人）印象深刻”时，常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth .给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；通常用于被动语态：be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on ones mind/memory。如：the teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动his speech made quite an impression on the audience.他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。【即境活用】1）_ was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错 (答案： his first impression on me / my first impression of him)2) his trip to india made _.他的印度之行对他的触动很大(答案：a strong impression on him)3) he _with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她(答案： impressed her )2. previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的previous to 在之前previously adv. 先前地，以前地1）he did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。2）his previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。3）previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.【即境活用】汉译英1）你以前有过这种工作经验吗？_2）来这里之前,我为你准备了文件._答案： 1）do you have any previous experience of this kind of job? 2）previous to coming here, i prepared all the documents for you.3. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西lack sth.(wisdomcommon sensemoney缺乏智慧常识/金钱)lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的be lacking in (couragedetermination to do.) 缺乏做某事的勇气决心athe lack of 的缺乏for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏1) you will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助2) i lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西【即境活用】1）the trip was cancelled through_.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。（答案：through lack of interest.）2）he _. 他缺乏信心。（答案he lacks confidence. ）【重点短语】1. 1. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续 典例1)this table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方。2)she has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了。3)this chapter takes up where the last one off 本章继续上一章的内容。短语归纳take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对的控制或管理take apart拆开：分开后将分成许多部分take for把视作：误认为take for granted认为是理所当然take down写下,记下take back收回(诺言);【即境活用】1）helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. a. takes up b. makes up c. saves up d. puts up （答案 a ）2）to keep healthy，professor johnson_ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired. a. took up b. caught on c. carried out d. made for（答案为a。）2. lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见./ 瞥见重点短语gethave(a)sight of 看见，发现at(the)sight of 一看见at first sight 乍一见 out of sight 不被看见，在视线之外 out of sight of 在看不见的地方inwithin sight 被见到，在视线内 inwithin sight of在看得见的地方【即境活用】1）we_ several precious animals. 我们失去了很多的珍惜动物（答案： have lost sight of） 2）乍看起来，这个问题好像容易 _.（答案：at first sight, the problem seems easy.）3）小岛仍然可以看的见 _. （答案the small island is still in sight）4）一看见老师男孩就跑掉 _.（答案:at the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.）3. sweep up打扫；横扫sweep aside放堆到一边, 不予理会sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除sweep out扫掉; 清除sweep over将.一扫而光【即境活用】选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。1) after the party, the house needed _.2) the leaves were _ into the air by the strong wind.a. sweep off b. sweep over c. sweep up d. sweep out答案: 1.sweeping up 2. swept up【重点句型】1. the air seemed thin ,as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。 it looks as though they have succeeded in the experiment .看起来好像他们的实验成功了。 she talks about hong kong as though she had been there before.她说起香港好像她以前去过似的。 the boy is renning here and there as though searching for something.这男孩跑来跑去好像在找什么东西。 the old man set upon the thief as though mad.那位老人发疯似地扑向小偷2. hit by a lack of frest air ,my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛 dealt with in a proper way,waste can be turned into useful things.如果处理得当，废品也可转化成有用的东西 united ,we stand ;divided ,we fall.(=if we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.)合则立，分必垮。 the table set ,they began to dine.摆放好书桌子，他们开始吃饭了。 he stood there silently,moved to tears. 他沉默地站在那儿，感到地留下了眼泪。【即境活用】_ in a traffic jam, students of a college in india answered their exam papers on the school bus.a. having caught b. be caught c. being caught d. caught【解析】选d。句意：在印度一所大学里的学生由于堵车原因在公交车上进行考试。考查分词短语作状语，改为状语从句后，应为：because they were caught in a traffic jam, students of a college in india answered【热点难点全析】过去分词作状语和定语一、过去分词过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者二、过去分词作状语的用法过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语：分类说明举例时间状语可用于时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确1）seen from the hill，the park looks very beautiful.=when it is seen from the hill，the parks are very beautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常美丽2）dont speak until spoken to.=dont speak until you are spoken to.当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话原因状语可用于原因状语从句或并列结构touched by his teachers words，the boy cried.=the boy was touched by his teachers words,so he cried.这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了条件状语可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句given more time，we could do it much better.（=if we were given more time，we could do it much better.）多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好让步状语有时可加although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等连词转换成让步状语从句though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.=though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活方式伴随状语加and可转换成并列结构从句the teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students.=the teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生三、学习过去分词作定语时，注意过去分词所在的位置单独的过去分词作定语常常置于其所修饰的名词前you should improve your spoken english.过去分词短语作定语常常置于其所修饰的名词后he is a teacher respectedby all his students.不及物动词的过去分词作定语当与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，必须在该动词后使用必要的介词he is the student laughed at by all people just now.【典型例题】1most of the artists _ to the party were from south africa ainvited bto invite cbeing invited dhad been invited 【解析】选a。句中的most of the artists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于who were invited。 2the computer centre，_ last year，is very popular among the students in this school aopen bopening chaving opened dopened 【解析析】选d。根据句中的last year可知，the computer centre去年就开业了，表示完成的动作；而且open与the computer centre又存在被动关系，句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎。 3the research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it abegins bhaving begun cbeginning dbegun 【解析】选d。once begun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式，句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以致于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它 4generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. a. when taking b. when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken【解析】选b。完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为b。当然也可以省去when【语法专练】1.a cool rain was falling with snow causing heavy traffic amixed b mixing cto mix dhaving mixed2. the no. 5 subway line, in october, 2007, has greatly improved the traffic conditions in beijing. a. opened b. was opened c. being opened d. to be opened3. some medicine, when wrongly , can kill a person.atake btakingctakendto take4. from the school name on the package, we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school.a. to mark b. marking c. marked d. having been marked5. - how are they getting on with their work?-all goes well as _.a. planned b. to be planned c. planning d. being planned【高考零距离】1、（2012福建卷 t24）24. 一 when did the computer crash?一 this morning, while ithe reading materials downloaded from some websites.a. have sortedb. was sortingc. am sorting d. had sorted【解析】选b。本题考查时态的用法。首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除a、c两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，b项正确。【难度】一般 2、（2012重庆卷 t28）28. were having a meeting in half an hour. the decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.a. to be made b. being made c. made d. having been made 【解析】选a。非谓语动词分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的a选项符合题意。b表示被动进行，c表示被动完成，d表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为a选项。技巧点拨：考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，publish与book之间存在被动关系，next month是表示将来的时间状语，因此，空格处表示被动将来，故正确答案为b选项。a表示被动完成；c表示主动将来；d表示被动进行，均不合语境。3.（2011北京卷 t30）maybe if i science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help.a. studied b. would study c. had studied d. was studying【解析】 选c。考查虚拟语气。句意为：或许要是那时我学的是理科而不是文学，我就能给你更大的帮助。根据从句时间状语then,可知if条件句表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时（had done），故选c。4.（2011全国卷i t29）when alice came to，she did not know how long she thereahad been lying bhas been lyingcwas lying dhas lain【解析】选a。考查时态。句意：当alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多长时间了。根据句意以及时间状语从句中的谓语的时态，可知此处要用过去完成时。5（2010福建卷t27）more and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.a. in search of b. in place of c. for lack of d. for fear of 【解析】选c。考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”a项意为“寻找”；b项意为“代替，替代”；c项意为“缺乏，短缺”；d项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，c项符合。6.（2010全国卷it22）the workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “ this side up”a. carried b. delivered c. pressed d. packed 【解析】选d。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。考查词义辨析。carry“搬运”，deliver“递送”，press“按，压”，pack“打包”。7.（2010四川卷t4）a great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. a. to question b. to be questioned c. questioned d. questioning【解析】选c。考查过去分词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。8. （2009安徽卷t33）we tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all .a. given away b. kept awayc. taken up d. used up【解析】选c。本题考察动词短语的区别.give away泄露,捐赠. keep away,控制在外. take up占据.use up用光,用尽.【考点提升训练】一、 听力（略）二、 单项选择21【2012届湖北省八校高三第二次联考】21. there existed an obvious _ between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.a. associationb. authorityc. conflictd. restriction22.【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】33. it is our hope that _ of us will be left behind. a. nobodyb. no one c. every oned none23._with this challenge, he should meet it without any hesitation.a. facing b. having faced c. being faced d. faced24. in summer, food will go bad if in room temperature.aleavingbleft cbeing leftdhaving left25. what kind of food do you prefer?_ but japanese. how about korean, then?a. something b. nothing c. anything d. everything26. the old man was very angry when he_ his daughter dancing with a middle-aged man last night. a. caught the sight of b. caught sight ofc. caught a sight d. caught sight27. _ to the trial, this small electronic device was only developed for military use.a. superiorb. fundamental c. previousd. accessible28. the old man volunteers to_ the fallen leaves in the street every autumn. a. sweep aside b. sweep upc. clear up d. make up29. the county, _ in the north of shanxi, has a history of more than 1,400 years.a. located b. to be located c. being located d. locating30. you must do as i told you. _i dont ?a. what if b. how comec. what about d. only if31. as young people, we mustnt _ the good traditions _ from one generation to another.a. catch sight of; passing down b. lose the sight of; passing downc. lose sight of; passed down d. catch the sight of; passed down32.could you be so kind as to close the window? _ . a. with pleasure b. go aheadc. yes, please d. thats nice of you33. you see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.a. for an instantb. on the instantc. in a instantd. the instant34. obama, the first black president in american history, _ presidency on january 20th, 2009. aheld up btook upcpicked up dset up 35. health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise.a. limit b. lack c. need d. demand三、完形填空a mother and daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people i have ever come across in my life. they are totally separated, mixing with 36 . as they drive past 37 they keep their eyes looking away and make no sign of acknowledgement. the only fame they have is making a nuisance (讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by 38 music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day and any other petty 39 gripe (把柄).on moving into this neighborhood, i was 40 of these two but decided i would make up my own mind. this proved quite a 41 to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast (猛烈抨击) me with some 42 or other.i 43 answered politely and made sure i 44 as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remarkabout their garden or pets.time passed and in october, as part of the kindness rock give (送爱心石活动), maureen and i 45 to place a kindness rock in their garden. their 46 remained unchanged, however, and i continued to be as friendly as possible. during the easter give, we decided once again to 47 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their 48 .imagine my 49 when two days later they 50 at my gate and jokingly said they are considering hanging their christmas stocking on their gate, and they 51 me a bunch of flowers!so, my fellow gifters, do not 52 on your random gifts of kindness. you may never know just what this 53 to others, nor how many broken or 54 hearted people you may just change with a simple act of 55 .36. a. nobody b. someone c. anyone d. nothing37. a. ladies b. neighbors c. friends d. relatives38. a. composing b. requesting c. reporting d. explaining39. a. important b. easy c. interesting d. little40. a. accused b. warned c. reminded d. convinced41. a. challenge b. job c. task d. matter42. a. jokes b. advice c. explanation d. complaint43. a. seldom b. never c. always d. sometimes44. a. waved b. stared c. noticed d. laughed45. a. started b. continued c. mentioned d. decided46. a. smile b. attitude c. decision d. anger47. a. add b. recommend c. reduced d. drove48. a. place b. roof c. gate d. fence49. a. interest b. smile c. surprise d. face50. a. whispered b. stopped c. shouted d. wandered51. a. brought b. wished c. threw d. expected52. a. take in b. take up c. give in d. give up53. a. refers b. means c. relates d. contributes54. a. kind b. light c. hard d. warm55. a. sorrow b. hope c. imagination d. kindness四、阅读理解aa gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest househo1d invention since the microwave.using the same technology as a dehumidifier（除湿器），the water mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited sourcethe airthe company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water indeveloped countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortagethe machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter（过滤器）and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water dropletsit can produce up to 1 2 liters a daythe water mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. in keeping with its eco-development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights.inventor jonathan ritchey said: “the demand for water is off the chart. so people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.”the machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost 800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. its maker, canadian firm element four, roughly calculates that a litre of water cost around 20p to produce.environmentalists state that half the worlds population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. one in five is said to lack access to safe drinking.the water mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in britain that wont be much of a problem.56what does the underlined word “it” refer do?adrinking water.binvention.cmicrowave.dwater mill.57what do we learn about the machine?ait works in the same way as microwaves.bit is very expensive for families to afford.cit absorbs steam and turns it into water.dit helps to make the water clean to drink.