高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题（21）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题（21）及答案社会生活类-2012上海卷 (c)researchers in the psychology department at the university of california at los angeles (ucla) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. this difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders. until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. in other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). however, the ucla research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. while men often react to stress in the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” that is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from othersespecially other females (“befriend”) scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. the ucla research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. this hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. the principal investigator, dr. shelley e. taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” while men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. in terms of everyday behavior, the ucla study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. they may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. the study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. the typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. for a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. the differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. the tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. the ucla study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. a. turn to friends for help b. solve a conflict calmly c. find an escape from reality d. seek comfort from children73. which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? a. men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.b. oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. c. both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. d. oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. what can be learned from the passage? a. male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress.b. in a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. c. biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. d. the ucla study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. which of the following might be the best title of the passage? a. how men and women get over stressb. how men and women suffer from stress c. how researchers overcome stress problems d. how researchers handle stressrelated disorders【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72. c细节理解题。根据第二段中while men often react to stress in the fightorflight response和they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73. d细节理解题。根据第三段中an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和while men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。74. c推理推断题。根据第五段中the study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选c。75. a主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。.阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）afor a long time, a boy wondered why his next-desk-pal was always the first in the class, whereas he could only rank the 21st.at home, he asked his mom:“am i more stupid than other kids? how can i always fall behind? i just cant come up with an answer.”mom was aware that her sons self-respect had been damaged by the ranking system, but she didnt know what to say to help.she tended to say that intelligence differs and that yes, her sons friend really was the smarter boy. but that would so upset her son. thank goodness she resisted the temptation to say it.her son and his friend went on to high school that year, but despite trying as hard as he could, her sons friend still outdid him. but she was proud of her boy for his hard work, sincerely proud. it was around this time that she decided to take him on a trip to the seaside. on the trip, she at last found an answer for him.today her son no longer cares about rankings. he doesnt have to, for he himself is now the top of the class at the top national university he attends. after university his teachers and peers fully expect him to have a promising career.invited to speak to his old high school, he mentioned a valuable childhood experience. it concerned that holiday his mother had prepared for them:“once, on a trip to the sea, my mother and i were lying on the beach. she pointed to the sea and said to me: do you see the seabirds fighting for food out there? when a wave comes near, the little birds rise quickly. the clumsy seagulls are far slower and have to struggle to get away from the wave. but these clumsy birds prove to have the biggest, strongest wings, which allow the bird to travel the furthest. when the season changes, they leave for foreign shores, leaving the little birds behind. son, i have a feeling that you are one of those seagulls. ”56. the story mainly conveys the message that . a. competition between students is good for society b. only rankings show intelligence of a child c. parents should build up childrens self-respect d. children take competition among them to heart57. from the 2nd paragraph, we can see that the mother . a. saw the negative effects of the ranking system b. decided to help with her sons homework c. knew her son was weak in his study d. felt sorry for her sons bad behavior.58. we can infer from the passage that . a. the son knew intelligence didnt mean anything b. the mother was not strong enough to face the truth c. the mother was careful to protect her sons self-respect d. the son would forget his rankings soon after leaving high school59.which of the following has the similar meaning with the underlined word“outdid”? a. was equal to b. did better than c. laughed at d. worked harder than as we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. but people often dont realize the voice needs looking after. here, mr. rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.drink more fluid and avoid spicy foodyou need water for the vocal cords(声带) to vibrate(振动) well. the body must be kept hydrated enough to make the vocal cords operate well. drinking 1.5 liters of water a day at intervals of 15 minutes is very important. mr. rubin advises avoiding foods with an annoying effect on the stomach, such as onions, chili, fizzy drinks and chocolate.rest the throat and talk regularlythe vocal cords can be scared if you use your voice during a bad cough. if you have a case of laryngitis(喉炎) with a cold, you should rest your voice for a day or two, and seek medical advice.simply staying sociable and using your voice is very important. “as older people get less mobile, they can become socially isolated and speak less.”says mr. rubin. “the elderly need to communicate with people more. by using the vocal cords, they enable the ageing process to slow down. ”improve your posturegood posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so wed better stand properly. exercise helps you take deeper breaths as it means there is better airflow through the voice box, producing a stronger tone.sing in the showerthis is one of the best ways to preserve your voice, as it keeps the larynx muscles strong while the steam lubricates(使润滑) the voice box.“singing is gymnastics for the voice,”says mr. rubin. joining a choir is one of the best ways to preserve a youthful tone.【文章大意】：文章讲诉了语音专家讲怎样保持我们的声音年轻，诸如多喝水，少吃辛辣食品、洗澡时唱歌等方式。60. mr. rubin gives us advice on . a. ways to keep us from aging b. ways to keep our voice youthful c. ways to talk with other people d. prevention of diseases caused by talking too much【答案】b【解析】根据第一段here, mr. rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.罗宾先生，意为语音专家揭示了怎样保持声音年轻，选b【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。61. which of the following statements is true in the opinion of mr. rubin? a. taking more onions can keep us healthy. b .professional singers voices tend to age quickly. c. the steam can do great harm to the voice. d. we should stand properly to keep our voice youthful.【答案】d【解析】根据倒数第二段good posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so wed better stand properly.即好的姿势是保持声音年轻的关键，因此我们最好站姿正确，可知选d【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。62. to protect the voice, the old people should . a. get less mobile b. lie in bed more c. avoid using the voice d. communicate with others more【答案】d63. what can we learn from the text? a. most people have realized the importance of protecting voice. b. its hard to keep the vocal cords strong through exercise. c. shouting now and then benefits our vocal cords. d. singing in the shower is among the best ways to keep our voice youthful. 阅读理解、专题训练(*)、说明文的阅读 (1) 方法点拨说明文，即说明事物的文章。从内容上看，主要涉及科技、社会和文化生活等领域。它以介绍科学实验研究成果、人文地理知识等社会生活中值得关注的变化为主。说明文有一定的说明顺序和说明方法，如空间顺序、时间顺序等，其大体的成篇布局是：(1)总体叙述要说明的对象(文章主旨) 细节说明(细节理解)概括评述(推理判断)；(2)事物现象或变化(文章主旨)细节或原因阐述(细节理解)引发的后果和相关启示(推论)。 活学活用阅读下面短文，从所给的四个答案中选出最佳选项(2011年广州高三英语调研测试)school phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school.this condition is most commonly seen in children，typically between the ages of 813，and it can be very upsetting，especially if it is allowed to progress.symptoms include stomach aches，tiredness，shaking，a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet.this common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes.most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety，but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress.a child who has recently moved，suffered a loss，or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia，and phobias can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮)，an unrecognised learning disability，and poor selfimage.understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.a child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school，or protests violently.he or she may become physically ill when ordered to school，or pretend to be sick to avoid going.when the child arrives at school，he or she may run away，or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground.when school is discussed，the child can become impatient，upset or angry.many techniques can be used to manage school phobia，but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life.children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child.as soon as a school phobia is identified，parents should take action too.like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a childs success in school.adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help.if bullying is a cause，for example，the bullying situation should be solved.a teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class，and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.changes at home can include supportive language from parents，along with support like assistance with homework.if a child lacks confidence，parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves.parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them，and their own enjoyment of school and schoollike activities.by following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.以约30词概括文章大意_.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1which of the following topics is not discussed in the passage?athe definition of school phobia.bthe history of school phobia.cthe causes of school phobia.dthe effects of sc