书面表达专项突破.doc

书面表达专项突破书面表达高分策略如何突破写作，获得高分，成为广大师生关注的问题。下面我就写作中如何运用高级表达提出以下几点，供广大师生参考。1.使用复合句复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来，从而使表达显得高级。高考写作中用到的复合句包括下列几种：(1) 定语从句Mary is a girl in Class 1. She speaks English very fluently. Mary is a girl in Class1, who speaks English very fluently.(2) 状语从句The doctor arrived there in time. The boy was saved. It was not too late. The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late.(3) 名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didnt know why. His teacher didnt know why Xiao Ming was always late for school.如果考生驾驭句子的能力较强，则还可以恰当使用复杂的复合句（就是从句中还包含从句）。例如：I want to know whether you want to meet Miss Tang when she comes back from Japan, where she works as an engineer. (本句包含3个从句)2.使用某些惯用句型写作中如果能恰当运用英语中某些常见的惯用句型，可以使文章显得富有“洋味”。例如： (1) The boy was so brave that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement (包围).(sothat 句型) (2) So brave was the boy that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement (包围). （倒装结构）(3) I did not realize the importance of learning English well until then.（notuntil） (4) Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English well.(not until的倒装句) (5) It was not until then that I realized the importance of learning English well.（强调句）3.使用高级词汇巧用习语(idiom)英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力。考生要在平时的学习过程中不断积累。例如：What she explained doesnt hold water. 她的解释站不住脚。Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。I dont know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他对我的话一点也听不进去。This sentence doesnt make sense. 这个句子讲不通。用短语代替单词英语中同义词众多，在表达的时候，尽量用短语代替单个的词。例如： I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同义词：decide) I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同义词：dont know) A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to the big fire. (同义词：cause) Since my childhood I have been fond of music. (同义词：like) We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同义词：consider)善用小词在写作中巧用、活用某些小词，常常会起到画龙点睛、四两拨千斤的作用。 动词：see, find , have, take, get, strike, run, cover, fail, go, make, manage, keep, stay, do(行，可以), help(有用), work(起作用), count, etc. 例如：2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China.China has a history of more than 5,000 years.Saddam Hussin got hanged on the 30th of December, 2006. How does Shenzhen strike you? I have to earn more than 6,000 yuan if I want to cover my expenses in Shenzhen.When I received the news that I got the first place, words failed me. This is how the story goes. After a few years training, she made an excellent teacher.Marys mother asked her to seize time to go over her lessons for the final exam, but it didnt help.It is the ability to do the job well that counts. 名词、形容词、副词、介词等：a must, a hit, a success, a better/best choice/seller, arrival, stay, top, new, pretty(相当地), terribly, badly, in(时尚的), out(过时的)，beyond, under, on display/on second thought(s), at the news of/at the sight of, etc. 例如：English is a must for us.Of all the 2006 films Zhang Yimous Curse of the Golden Flower(满城尽带黄金甲) was the best seller.I made lots of friends during my stay in France.Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in our school.This kind of work is quite new to me.I am going to find a nice apartment pretty soon. Doctors were badly needed in that area after the flood. Short skirts are in again.His lecture is beyond my understanding.Shenzhen Metro Line 3 is still under construction. 4.使用名词表达动词意义 His failure in the exam again made his mother very worried. On arrival home I found the front door open. Living near the airport may lead to peoples loss of hearing. No one can enter the office without permission. The railway line is still under construction.5.使用形容词（短语）做状语或者使用非谓语动词结构等 They returned home, safe and sound. Full of fear, I walked in the darkness.While walking along the streets I met Jane. We started out very early in order to catch the first early bus. I arrived home, really exhausted.6.使用表示过渡的连接词高考“基础写作”的评分标准中特别强调句子间的连贯性。之所以把衔接和连贯作为重要标准来要求，是因为衔接和连贯是构成语篇的最基本条件。常用的连接词有：and, but, so, besides, morever, whats more, whats worse, in addition, however, therefore, suddenly, finally, while, also, too, thus, yet等等。例如： He thought he understood the problem; however, he was mistaken. They cost a lot of money; thus you should use them carefully. I dont like the dress; moreover, its too expensive. I was late for the film; what was worse, I left my ticket at home.7.使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法比喻性结构新鲜活泼，形象具体，能给读者留下较深刻的印象，具有强大的感染力。例如： The Great Wall runs across China like a huge dragon. To finish the work ahead of time, I have been as busy as a bee recently. He is a lucky dog. 8.使用英语中的谚语和汉语一样，英语中也有大量谚语。若能在写作中恰当运用，会给文章增色不少。现例举几条励志类的谚语。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Time and tide wait for no man. Practice makes perfect. A lazy youth, a lousy age. Well begun is half done.No pains, no gains.Look before you leap.It is never too old to learn. Failure is the mother of success. He who laughs last laughs best.高考写作词汇和句型总结一、图画类常用句型1) It can be seen from the picture that.2) The picture indicates that./shows that./conveys the messages that.3) People find a/an rise (increase/decrease/decline/drop/fall) in4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5) Compared with.6) In short, we can say that.7) On the whole/ In conclusion, it may be stated that.8) There is no doubt.9) We can say with certainty that.10) No one will deny the fact that.11) We cannot ignore the fact that12) As a result, it can/may/might be concluded/inferred that.13) However，thats not the case.二、讨论、图表数据类1、The way sb. do(es) sth. changed a lot from(年)to(年) 从年到年人们做事的方式改变了很多。2、The number/The rate of(年)doubled that of（年） 年的数字是年数字的双倍The number/The amount ofhas dropped from (数字)in 2008 to(数字)in 2010. 的数字已从2008年的下降到2010年的3、A spend twice as much time/money on sth. as B A花在上的时间/金钱是B的两倍The number of the people whowas ten times as large as in(年) 人的数目是年的十倍。4、The figures show that 这些数字显示5 A would like to do sth.while B wants to do sth. A想而B想6. The reasons are listed as follows: 原因如下：7、Chart 1 shows that 表1显示As is shown on Chart 2, 正如表2所显示的那样9、As is shown in the above diagram/table/picture 正如上面的表格/图片所展示的那样10、讨论类书面表达常用的的三段论模式：议题：Recently we have discussed whether/had a heated discussion about whether/Yesterday we made a survey about观点： Many people(,to be exact 70%,) think it is right to /agree with this idea/70% of the students /people thinkThe students/those who are for/against it think 赞成/反对的人认为自己的看法：In my opinion, /As for me, I think /Personally, 11.go online 上网 surf the Internet 12.learn the latest information at home and abroad 获取国内外的最新消息13.make our life colorful and varied 让生活多彩多样14.in and around our school 校内外15.training class 培训班 .have a private teacher 请家教16.be weak in 在方面弱 do well in 在很好17.It all depends whether 是否那要视情况来定18.Its every citizens duty to do sth. 干某事是每个公民的责任19.cut down the expenses on 削减的开支三、健康状况及看病治疗1. be in good/poor health身体（不）健康 be in good condition身体（状态）好2.have got a high/slight fever 发高烧/有点儿发烧have a slight/bad cold 有点儿感冒/重感冒3.have got a pain in ones throat/leg/back 嗓子疼4.take ones temperature 量体温 take this medicine 吃这种药5.take one or two pills twice a day 一天两次，一次一到两粒6.be good for/do good to ones health 对某人身体有好处7.Its nothing serious. 没什么大不了的8.饮食与健康词汇短语keep warm注意保暖 green food绿色食品full of energy精力充沛 have the habit of有的习惯 refresh振作精神 fashion时尚keep sb fit/healthy使某人保持健康 go on a diet节食（动作）be on a diet节食（状态）lose weight减肥 have a balanced diet均衡饮食 avoid eating too much fat or sugarkeep off drink/cigarettes /drugs/fatty food不喝酒/不吸烟/不吸毒/不吃油腻食物benefit a lot from四课外活动、旅游1.take part in various/out of class activities 参加各种各样的课余活动 take computer lessons 选修电脑课2.We are enjoying a change from our busy life in the city 我们想从繁忙的城市生活中变个花样3.get everything ready for 为做好一切准备4.gather at the school gate 在学校门口集中5.sign up for it at the Students Union 在学生会报名6.a summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营7. at Christmas 在圣诞节期间on New Years Eve 在除夕夜 in the Spring Festival 在春节 on May Day 在五一节8. compete in a contest 参加比赛9.congratulate sb. on sth. /congratulations to sb on sth. 祝贺某人10.put up a notice saying 张贴通知说11.the Summer Palace/the Great Wall 颐和园/长城12.pick flowers 摘花 pick up a wallet 捡起一个钱包13.a relay race 一个接力赛五、环保、污染与低碳生活 (1)词汇短语pollute sth污染某物 protect air from being pollutedsave energy节省能源 fresh air新鲜空气recycling plastic再生塑料 reduce waste减少浪费make great contributions to protecting the environment为保护环境做出巨大贡献preserve natural resources保护自然资源environmental destruction环境破坏waste gas，plastic waste废塑料earthquakes/Hurricanes/ floods /storms/ typhoons /sandstormsdevelop renewable resources开发可再生资源(2)句子1)As a result，only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings2)Some people throw rubbish anywhere as they like and even burn rubbishIt is known to all that burning rubbish will give off poisonous smoke and dust which in turn pollute air.3)People sometimes have to make their way through dusty winds as a result of the pollution.4)As we all know the pollution of water does great harm not only to living things but also to human beings. Worse still, it poses a threat to mans existing.5)Its high time that the government took effective measures to protect water resources, stop pollution and save water.6)Most importantly, we should strengthen our awareness of environmental protection. Otherwise, we cant survive on the earth.7)People havent realized the important part trees play in our daily life.8)They cut down trees at will, which causes the soil to be washed away. Gradually, more and more fields are becoming desert.9)In order to create more land, shelter and energy, more and more forests have been cut down, which has an enormous influence on the global climate.10)Worse still, many people suffer from cancer as a result of breathing the polluted air. Some of them even died of it.11)Firstly, we must limit the increasing of the number of vehicles. Secondly, we should take steps to clean the poisonous gases before they are sent into the atmosphere.12)Thirdly, its high time that the government passed stricter laws to punish those big pollution producers.13)All in all, if everybody realizes the importance of environmental protection and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.六、校园文明、学校生活存在问题：不尊重老师家长，学习散漫，考试作弊，乱扔垃圾，污染环境show respect for/ cheat in the exam，get down tobury oneself inconcentrate ones energy on ones studybe concerned about ones studyfail to put ones heart into ones studywithout the awareness thatunconscious of what they do，pollute the environment，do sthharmful to our environment，throw away rubbish at random对荣辱观的认识：以遵纪守法、关心集体，勤奋学习为荣，以违反校规，自私自利，不思进取为耻consider sth as honorable behavior to obey laws and discipline concern about Our class，study diligently。it is honorable tocare more for otherson the other hand，be ashamed if think only of oneself，it should be considered shameful toshow no ambition to make progress，keep it in mind that breaking school rules，being selfish and having no pursuit are shameful，将认识落实在行动中的打算：尊敬师长，努力学习，保护环境make it a rule to be polite to，care more about others than ourselves，spare no effort to achieve our goals，hold the belief，do something to prevent our living environment from being polluted，Its of vital importance be put into quick actionOur school may become a marvelous world七、人物介绍、叙事类1.at the age of 在多大岁数时2.be active in 在很积极3.be born in a peasants family 出生于一个农民家庭4.set/break/keep a world record 创/破/保持一个世界纪录5.in ones childhood 在某人的童年时期6.the foreign language department 外语系7.in ones twenties/fifties/nineties 在某人二十/五十/九十多岁的时候8.a key figure 一个关键人物9.make friends with 与某人交朋友10.have a gift/talent for 有的天赋11.get full marks 得满分12.the minister of foreign affairs 外交部长13.make sb._(无冠词)monitor of 让某人当的班长14.wear a pair of glasses 带一副眼镜15.be patient with 对某人有耐心16.be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人要求严格17.attend/go to university 上大学18.be admitted to a university 考上大学19.be fond of/care for 喜欢20.be crazy about 对着迷21.be curious about 对好奇22.be addicted to doing sth. 干上瘾23.adapt to/adjust to sth. 适应24.much to ones surprise 令sb大为惊讶的是25. It was not long before sb did sth. 不久sb. 干了sth. It was +一段时间before sb did sth. 多长时间之后sb干了sth. It will be +一段时间before sb does sth. 多长时间之后sb将干sth. It is/has been +一段时间+since 从句 自以来是多长时间26.It is believed/thought that 人们认为 Sb. find(s) it easy/difficult to do sth. 某人发觉干某事容易/困难 It happens that 碰巧 Its important /necessary/strange that sb. should do sth. 干某事是重要的/必要的/奇怪的27.be getting on well with my study 学习进展得非常好 be getting on well with my classmates 和同学相处得非常好28.receive a doctors degree 取得一个博士学位 win the first prize 获头等奖take the first place 取得第一名29.succeed in sth./doing sth. 成功地干某事/在成功了 fail in doing sth. 在方面失败了 fail to do sth. 未能干某事30.major in 主修31.He has the best record in history. 他的成绩最棒32.Those who want to take part should sign up before 提纲：截止日期：10月3日Oct. 3rd in the auditorium. 报名地点：学校礼堂33.In order to improve our spoken English, the students Unionwill hold a contest on Nov,2nd提纲：目的：提高口语时间：11月2日in the teaching building. 地点：教学楼34.scold/blame sb. for sth./doing 因责备某人 praise sb. for 因而表扬某人 thank sb. for 因而感谢某人 speak ill of sb. 说某人的坏话 speak/think highly of sb. 高度赞扬某人35.like to be with students 喜欢和学生呆在一起36.we think of/refer to him as 我们认为他37.offer to do sth. 主动表示要干某事38.do sth. as usual 象往常一样干39.regret doing 后悔干过某事40.make up ones mind(s)to do sth. 决定干某事41.see/hea sb. doing sth. 看到/听到某人正在干某事42.catch sight of 看到43.take notice of 注意到44.long for sth./long to do sth. 渴望干某事 have a strong desire to do e across problems/difficulties 碰到问题困难46.learn from sb. 向某人学习47.leave todays work for tomorrow 把今天的工作留到明天去做48.devote ones spare time to serving others 把某人的闲暇时间花到上八、交通安全词汇、短语overloading超载exceed the speed limit超速 break traffic rules rush through red lights drive In the wrong direction talk and laugh while driving a traffic jam poor road con