加大商品林面积提高抚育质量坚持林木所有权的合理流转.doc

加大商品林面积提高抚育质量坚持林木所有权的合理流转洮南市永茂林场位于洮南市西北部，地处大兴安岭的余脉，属于风沙丘陵的干旱区，总幅员面积为11 265 hm2，沙化土地面积达到2 560 hm2，占总幅员的22.7%。长期以来，土地沙化严重的制约本地区的发展，永茂林场非常重视防沙治沙的工作，在防沙治沙的工作中，永茂林场在上级林业主管部门的领导和支持下，投入大量的人力和物力开展防沙治沙工作。Taonan Yongmao forest farm is located in the northwest of Taonan City, Greater Khingan Range is located in the mountains, arid area belongs to the sand hills, the total area is 11265 Hm2, desertification land area reached 2560 Hm2, accounting for the total size of 22.7%. Long-term since, the development of land desertification is seriously restricted the local, Yongmao Forest Farm attached great importance to the prevention and control of desertification, in sand prevention and control work, Yongmao forest farm in the superior competent department of forestry under the leadership and support of desert prevention and transformation work, put a lot of manpower and material resources.本场森林资源比较分散，可分3部分：1）场驻地，是建场至今营造并保存下来的人工林；2）场驻地东南处的天然山杏区；另一部分是合作造林部分，这部分林分是19781986年该场利用乡村土地合作营造的人工林。所有这些森林分布于场驻地东、南、西方向9个乡镇，面积4 800多hm2林场总经营面积18 465 hm2，现有人工林13 100多hm2，活立木蓄积40万m3。Comparison of dispersion of the forest resources, can be divided into 3 parts: 1) field station, is now building construction field and preserved plantation; 2) natural apricot field station southeast; another part is the cooperative afforestation part, this part of the stand is 1978 1986 in this field by the rural land cooperation to create artificial Lin. All of these forest distributed in the field in the East, South, West to 9 villages and towns, an area of 4800 of total operating multiple hm2 forest area of 18465 Hm2, the existing plantation of more than 13100 Hm2, stumpage 400000 m3.2森林资源现状分析Analysis of 2 forest resources status2.1林地分散，远近不等，不便于经营管理凡属我场经营的林地，最远的作业区距场驻地50 km，交通十分不便，夏季还要绕路而行，行程达80 km，给经营工作和防护工作带来很大的困难，同时又无形之中增加生产费用及成本。2.1 decentralized, near and far different, not easy to management who belong to my field management of woodland, the farthest away from the field operation area resident of 50 km, the traffic is very inconvenient, summer will detour, course up to 80 km, has caused great difficulties to the management and protection work, at the same time, aeriform in increased production costs and cost.2.2经营面积小，没有宜林地全场经营范围内，除合作造林部分外，本场土地面积大部分在十八区军事区内，宜林荒地集中在靶区内，如开发造林，除去距离远这一不利因素外，还涉及到与军队协调。 2.2 business area is small, no forests to the business scope, in addition to the cooperative afforestation part, the land area of most of the eighteen Military District, waste land concentrated in the target area, such as the development of afforestation, remove the distance this unfavorable factors, but also relates to the coordination and the army.2.3立地条件差，树木生长缓慢造林时节，由于风大干旱，使部分苗木枯干，有时已栽植的苗木，因覆土不实被大风刮起，使苗根裸露，直接影响苗木的成活。在营造速生丰产林时，如果栽植后30 d不降雨，还需再次灌水才能保证树木的成活。2.3 poor site conditions, slow growth of trees planting season, the arid and windy, so that part of seedling dry, sometimes have been planting seedlings, because the soil is not real wind blows, the seedling root exposed, directly affect the survival of seedlings. In the fast-growing and high-yield plantation, if plant after 30 d no rain, also need to ensure the survival of the trees again irrigation.2.4造林密度大，抚育不及时树木生长不良，中龄林以上的林分，初植密度1.2 m2.4 m，植苗3 465株/hm2，按80.0%成活计算，每株树的营养面积仅为3.6。因造林密度过大，又不及时抚育，形成“小老树”。据调查，岗上30垧、45垧、200垧等地造林，采取上述造林密度，8年生时，平均树高仅6.5 m，平均胸径6.8 cm。2.4 planting density, tending not to poor growth of trees in the forest, forest age above, initial planting density of 1.2 m 2.4 m, 3465 /hm2 strains by planting, 80% survival rate calculation, nutrition area of each tree is only 3.6. Because the density is too large, and not timely tending, forming a small trees. According to the survey, 30, 45, 200 than than than to post on the afforestation, planting density, 8 years old, the average tree height is only 6.5 m, the average DBH of 6.8 cm.2.5龄组结构不合理，成熟林比例大，幼龄林比例小根据统计结果，幼、中、成林面积比为19.334。面积分布不平衡，给“森林永续利用、以场定居、以场轮伐”带来很大困难。The 2.5 year old group structure is not rational, mature forest proportion is large, young forest proportion according to the statistical results, the young, forest area ratio of 1 9.3 34. Area of distribution is not balanced, to sustainable forest utilization, to farm, to field rotation has caused great difficulties.2.6疏密不均，“天窗”现象比较严重造成这一现象的主要原因：1）造林质量不高或造林后抚育管理不及时。主要分布于营林一区，约占60.0%。2)造林整地方法不当，植被大面积破坏，使土壤风蚀，形成风蚀沟，主要分布于后六家子作业区，约占30.0%。3)低洼湿地，盐碱地和白浆土地块，约占10.0%。2.6 asymmetrical, main reasons for the skylight phenomenon more serious cause this phenomenon: 1) the quality of afforestation or reforestation after tending not high not. Mainly distributed in forest area, about 60%. 2) afforestation method is undeserved, vegetation is destroyed, the soil erosion, wind erosion and gully formation, mainly distributed in six homework area, about 30%. 3) the low-lying wetland, saline-alkali soil and albic soil block, about 10%.2.7病虫危害严重据调查，营林一区的7 700 hm2杨树林，受杨干象危害较为严重，有虫株率75.0%，虫口密度150270条/株，危害高度2.05.0 m，并有逐渐扩散之势。其他作业区除受杨干象轻度危害外，还受白杨透翅蛾的严重侵袭，主要危害近年来营造的小X黑杨树速生丰产林，有虫株率97.0%，虫口密度513条/株。2.7 plant diseases and insect pests seriously according to the survey, forest area of 7700 hm2 poplar forest, serious harm by Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, a strain rate of 75%, population density 150 270 / plant, damage height of 2 5 m, and gradually the proliferation potential. Other operating area except by the Cryptorrhynchus lapathi slight harm, but also by a serious invasion of Paranthrene tabaniformis, main hazards in recent years to create a small X black poplar forest, a strain rate of 97%, population density 5 13 / plant.2.8树种单一，没有混交林和针叶树种该场自开始人工造林以来，一直以杨树为造林树种，没有营造针叶树种和混交林的历史。应适当增加针叶树种，实行针阔混交。2.8 single tree species, no mixed forest and coniferous species in this field since the beginning of artificial afforestation, has been to poplar afforestation tree species in a conifer and mixed forests, no history. Should be appropriate to increase the coniferous tree species, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed.2.9木材材质差，只成林，不成材1）峭度大。新营造的速生丰产林，树干解析7 年 生的林木，形数只有0.33。2）弯曲度大。3）腐木多。由于上述原因，活立木平均出材率只有30.0%45.0%，并且经济价值极低。2.9 wood material is poor, only the trees, not yield 1) kurtosis big. The new building of the fast-growing and high-yield plantation, 7 year old tree forest, form only 0.33. 2) bending degree. 3) rot wood. Because of the above reasons, the average stumpage outturn rate of only 30% 45%, and the economic value is very low.3改善资源状况的战略措施The strategic measures to improve the status of resource 31）进一步提高造林质量，加大商品林面积。增加资金投入，延长抚育年限，提高抚育质量，为树木速生丰产创造条件，实现高投入，高产出。2）挖掘潜力，大力开发靶区的土地资源。该区土地面积占全场面积的1/3，蕴藏着巨大的潜力，有待开发利用。可采取林粮结合、林草结合、林药结合的方法，做到一地多用，变单一经营为多种经营，变普通利用为立体开发，进一步提高土地利用率，宜林3）依靠科学技术，坚持以应用为主，应用推广并举。对职工进行专业培训，进一步提高职工的专业素质和技术水平，以适应高科技下林业生产的需要。4）调整树种结构，增加针叶树种，比例控制在15%20%。5）注重中、幼林抚育。及时调整合作造林密度过大的林分，扩大营养空间，人为促使其速生。6）深化改革，支持职工兴办家庭林场，支持发展个体林业，坚持林木所有权的合理流转。1) to further improve the quality of afforestation, increase forest area. Increase investment, improve the quality of life of extended care, upbringing, and create conditions for the trees of fast-growing and high-yield, high investment, high yield. 2) potential, vigorously develop the target area of land resources. Land area of the region accounted for the entire area of the 1/3, hold great potential, to be the development and utilization of. Methods take forest and grain, grass, forest combined with medicine, do a