Criminal law法律英语刑法ppt课件.pptVIP

Criminallaw The Fourth Group 1 Criminallaw 1 Whatarethecrimesandcriminallaw 2 CriminalProcedure 美国刑法的程序 3 Criminallawclassification 美国刑法的分类 4 CapitalPunishment 死刑 5 Criminalliability 刑事责任 2 WhatdoUthinkofCRIMES what Somepeoplethinkthatcrimethatcanbedefinedforthemoreseriousoffenceagainstpersonorproperty thereareanumberofacts andsomeomissions whicharesubjecttothecrminallawyetdonotcausesuchathreat 一些人们认为 犯罪就是侵犯人们身体和财产的作为或者不作为的行为 比如恐吓 3 SomeFamoussay Givingthekillerwhathedeserves 让犯罪的人罪有应得 Itisbettertofightforjusticethantorailattheill AlfredsTennyson Britishwriter与其责骂罪恶 不如伸张正义 英国作家丁尼生A 4 BUTAMANSAID Hatethesinbutnotthesinnner 可恨的是罪行而不是罪犯 5 Yes inmyopinions tobeaccurate wecanonlysaythatcrimeisanyactoromissionthatiscontrarytothecriminallaw 是的 在我看来 准确的说犯罪就是任何违背刑法的行为 6 Whatisthecriminallaw 7 Thecriminallawcanbeclassifiedintocriminallawinabroadsenseandcriminallawinanarrowsense 刑法有广义刑法与狭义刑法之分 8 广义刑法是指一切规定犯罪 刑事责任和刑罚的法律规范的总和 包括刑法典 单行刑法以及非刑事法律中的刑事责任条款 Criminallawinabroadsensereferstoallstipulationcrime thelegalresponsibilityandpenalty slegalnormsumtotal includingpenalcode inspecificcriminallawaswellasnon criminallawlegalresponsibilityprovision 9 Criminallawinanarrowsensereferstothepenalcode Thecriminallawpunishesthecrime maintainsthesocialstabilitythemostimportantlaw forcesthedevotingbackingbythecountry 狭义刑法是指刑法典 刑法是惩治犯罪 维护社会安定的最重要的法律 由国家强制力作后盾 10 CriminalProcedure Thelawgoverningthatseriesofproceduresthroughwhichthesubstantivecriminalisenforced TheAmericansystemofcriminalprocedureis adversarial Theproceduralstepscarryacasefromstarttofinishwithintheprocess 11 TheStepsinatypicalfelonycase Step1 TheReportedCrime or knownoffense Step2 PrearrestInvestigation includethreebasicgroups Step3 ArrestStep4 BookingStep5 Post ArrestInvestigation willvarywiththefactsituation 12 Step6 TheDecisiontoChargeStep7 FillingtheComplaintStep8 MagistrateReviewoftheArrestStep9 TheFirstAppearance aquitebriefproceeding Step10 PreliminaryHearing 13 Step11 GrandJuryReview theprimaryfunction Step12 TheFilingoftheIndictmentorInformationStep13 ArraignmentontheInformationorIndictmentStep14 PretrialMotionsStep15 TheTrial theuniquefeatures 14 Step16 Sentencing threedifferenttypesmaybeused Step17 Appeals 15 Americancriminallawclassification 美国刑法种类 16 1 CriminalACTSendangeringdegree 犯罪行为危害程度 felony 重罪 misdemeanor 轻罪 1962 modelpenalcode 模范刑法典 Accordingtothecrimeisdividedintofourgradespunishmentweight 按刑罚轻重把犯罪分为四等 felony 重罪 misdemeanor 轻罪 pettymisdemeanor 微罪 violation 违警罪 Felonydividedinto3 Level1 level2 Level3 重罪分为三级 Nomorethanoneyear simprisonmentpenaltymisdemeanor 轻罪刑罚不超过一年监禁 Amaximumsentenceofmicrosin30daysinprison 微罪最高刑期为30天监禁 Violationspunishacrimeonlybefined 违警罪只能判处罚金 17 2 Thenatureofcrime 犯罪本身的性质 maluminse 邪恶的罪 malumprohibitsin 法规禁止的罪 maluminse 邪恶的罪 murder 杀人 setonfire 放火 adultery 奸淫 steal 盗窃 malumprohibitsin 法规禁止的罪 drunkendriving 酒后开车 drivingthroughtheroadwithoutpayMaiLuQianshut 行车通过路关而不付买路钱 operatingmachineryon screen 经营机械赌具 thesinofviolationofeconomiclawsandregulations 违反经济法规的罪 18 3 LegaloriginAngle 法律渊源角度 Common lawsin 普通法罪 Enactedlawsin 制定法罪 4 Otherclassification 其他分类 Crimeconstitutionform 犯罪构成形态 completesin 完整罪 inchoatecrime 不完整罪 Criminalprincipalamount 犯罪主体数量 separatesin 单独犯罪 fellowshiponcrime 共同犯罪 Criminalprincipaltypes 犯罪主体类型 crimebyanaturalperson 自然人犯罪 legalpersoncommitssin 法人犯罪 19 Crimesubjectisthepsychologicalstate 犯罪主体心理状态 intentionallycrime 故意罪 negligentcrime 过失罪 Criminalityinfringeuponsocialinterests 犯罪行为所侵犯的社会利益 assaultandattery 侵犯人身罪 qufringedresidentialsin 侵犯住宅罪 crimeofpropertyviolation 侵犯财产罪 damageofmoralyuiltlmale 损害公共道德罪 toendangerpublicorderofsin 危害公共秩序罪 disruptgovernmentmanagementthecrime 妨害政府管理罪 20 Punishment Sentencingsystemisaverybroadcontent Aggravatingcircumstances 加重情节 Reduceplot 减轻情节 Recidivistandpleadedguilty 累犯和认罪 21 Mylecturetopics Deathpenaltysentencingplot 死刑的量刑情节 22 Basicsituation Americancriminallawnospecificreflectaboutthedeathpenaltysentencingsystem butthescopeofthebasiclimitfirst degreemurderjustexecuted consideringtheconsequencesofamurder Othermusttrytogiveeveryopportunitydecreasesvictimisedsuspectsmiscalculation 美国刑法没有具体的体现关于死刑的量刑制度 但范围基本限定一级谋杀才执行死刑 考虑到有杀人的后果 其他的都尽量的给予一切的机会减少对犯罪嫌疑人的错判误判 23 MurderMalicemurder蓄意谋杀罪Intentionallyinjurymurder故意重伤谋杀罪Extremethoughtlessofmurder极端轻率谋杀罪Felony murder重罪 谋杀罪 ManslaughterVoluntarymanslaughter自愿性非恶意杀人 故意杀人 比如激情犯罪crimeofpassion involuntaryhomicide过失杀人 24 Theinfluenceoftheroughlysentencingplotsystemdiagram 大致影响量刑体系图 25 Aggravatingcircumstances 加重情节 1 Abouttheaggravatingcircumstancesoffendercharacteraspects suchascriminalrecordandfuturerisk 关于犯罪人品格方面的加重情节 例如犯罪记录和未来的危险性 2 whentheconcerningtheimplementationofcrimeofaggravatingcircumstanceskillersattitude 关于实施犯罪时杀人犯的态度的加重情节 3 theaggravatingcircumstancesaboutthevictimidentity关于被害人身份的加重情节 26 Reduceplot 减轻情节 ThefederalSupremeCourtruledthatalmostalloftheaccusedfavorable aslightplotandPutsforwardtheevidencemustentersentencingconsiderations 联邦最高法院认为几乎所有对被告有利的 作为从轻情节而提出的证据都必须进入量刑考量 Thedefendantconduct被告品行Criminalrecord犯罪记录Thefactsofthecrimerelevantevidence犯罪事实的有关证据 Forexample Ifthedefendantyounginexperience orwasn tmatureenough orhaveabusedhistory orinprisonhavegoodperformanceetc 涉世不深 或不够成熟 或有被虐待的历史 或在狱中有良好表现 27 Ploteventuallyapply情节的最终适用 Onthefinaldeathpenaltyfortheprovisionsofthestateifnotidentical Despiteallthejudicialareahaveformulatedconsideraggravatingandlighter buttheplotoftheprogrambywhatwaytoconsidertheseevidencetheprovisionsofthestateisuneven Inbalancetype Weighing jurisdiction theaggravatingcircumstancessentencingmustweightheevidenceandlighterplot andbothintoevidence 对最终是否适用死刑各州的规定不完全一样 尽管所有的司法区域都制定了考虑加重和从轻情节的程序 但是以何种方式考虑这些证据各州的规定则不尽一致 在权衡式 Weighing 司法区域 量刑者必须权衡加重情节证据和从轻情节证据 并对两者进行比较评估后做出量刑决定 这是最为广泛采用的量刑模式 28 Criminalliability 刑事责任 29 刑事辩护事由criminaldefenses 1 Alibi不在场证明 2 justifications正当理由 3 Excuses可得宽恕 4 Programreason程序是由 30 Justifications正当理由 一 self defense自我防卫二 thedefenseofothers他我防卫三 defenseofh